学术英语写作

英语 写作

英语学术论文常用句型

Beginning

1. In this paper, we focus on the need for

2. This paper proceeds as follow.

3. The structure of the paper is as follows.

4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts

5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the

Introduction

1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.

2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.

3. In the next secti

专业英语写作考点总结

Part ? Academic English Writing （专业英语写作）

Chapter 1 Six Considerations in Academic Writing

1、Academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose, organization, style, flow and presentation.

（学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲 或宣读）。

2、Organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分

(1) description of a situation （描述情况） (2) Identification of a problem （甄别问题） (3) Description of a solution （描述解决方法） (4) Evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法）

Sample 1

Native American Influences on Modern U.S. Culture

When the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans? ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a resul

学术论文写作

　　随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的学者涉及到学术论文的写作领域，那么怎样写学术论文、学术论文写作是怎样要求的、格式如何，下面就介绍一下学术论文的写作，希望能对您论文写作有所帮助。

　　(一)题名(Title,Topic)

　　...题名又称题目或标题。题名是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合。

　　论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息，也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词不达意和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。 论文题目十分重要，必须用心斟酌选定。有人描述其重要性，用了下面的一句话：“论文题目是文章的一半”。 对论文题目的要求是：准确得体：简短精炼：外延和内涵恰如其分：醒目。

　　对这四方面的要求分述如下。

　　1.准确得体

　　要求论文题目能准确表达论文内容，恰当反映所研究的范围和深度。 常见毛病是：过于笼统，题不扣文。关键问题在于题目要紧扣论文内容，或论文内容民论文题目要互相匹配、紧扣，即题要扣文，文也要扣题。这是撰写论文的基本准则。

　　2.简短精炼

　　力求题目的字数要少，用词需要精选。至于多少字算是合乎要求，并无统一的“硬性”规定

英语学术论文常用句型

Beginning

1. In this paper, we focus on the need for

2. This paper proceeds as follow.

3. The structure of the paper is as follows.

4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts

5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the

Introduction

1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.

2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.

3. In the next section, a

Lecture 1

1.3

1（1）We can improve its performance when we use super-heated steam.

An improvement of its performance can be affected by the use of super-heated steam （2）If we add or remove heat, the state of matter may change. The addition or removal of heat may change the state of matter.

2 (1) You clearly can see the difference between the treated and untreated specimens. The difference between the treated and untreated specimens can be clearly seen

(2) Effective vaccines present such hazards, but only if a social organiz

学术规范与论文写作

杨玉圣

该讲的，刚才王卫国院长其实都已经讲了[1]。所以，这个讲座大家听不听都没关系。

如果哪位下午有事，请自便。

非常荣幸有机会能够来到民商经济法学院，和这么多优秀的大多数比我年轻的将来的法学精英来探讨学术规范的问题。王院长一周以前打电话给我，让我给大家讲一讲“论文写作与学术规范”的问题，我不知道海报上是怎么写的，我今天把它反过来，叫做“学术规范与论文写作”。为什么这么说呢？因为我个人认为，论文写作尤其是在座的各位民商法、经济法的论文写作，我一点儿发言权也没有。我本人是搞历史的，跟你们现在最热闹、最时髦、

最红火的民商经济法是完全不沾边的。

我刚才听学院研究生工作办的于红老师介绍，民商经济法学院的博士生、硕士生是全校最多的。能够通过这么一个讲座和这么多的博士生、硕士生探讨问题，这是我今天愿意来的主要原因。客观一点讲，我不是讲这个题目的最合适的人选，特别是对法科的学生而言，比如北大的贺卫方教授、中国艺术研究院的梁治平教授、现在是吉林大学教授的邓正来先生，他们都是在国内最早倡导学术规范的著名法学学者。如果他们来讲这个题目，比我来讲要更地道，因为他们都是搞法学的，并且都是法学界的栋梁。而且，我相信因为他们是法学界的

学术论文讲座：结论

学术论文写作：结论

一、结论的构成要素

如果一下内容比较详尽，需要分小节论述

(1) 第一段，即结论部分的开场白，

概括说明：本课题的研究论题、意义与价值、研究内容。 (2) 第二——其后几段，

具体地说明：本研究或者证明了什么假设或理论，或者根据什么理论得出了什么结论，解决了什么实际问题。

(3) 启示（这部分可能没有，可能有） 对教学、对语言实践、对翻译等等。

(3) 本课题的局限性、不足之处，还有哪些尚待解决的问题。 (4) 展望前景，或指出进一步研究的方向。

二、写作方法：（1）、（2）部分是对“摘要”的扩写。展望是对局限的回答。

范文： A Cognitive Study on Conceptual Metaphor in English and Chinese Sports News 参考摘要

Abstract: This paper, based on Lakoff’s conceptual metaphor theory and Steen’s five-step procedure for metaphor identification （理论视角/指南）, makes a compa

Lecture 1

1.3

1（1）We can improve its performance when we use super-heated steam.

An improvement of its performance can be affected by the use of super-heated steam （2）If we add or remove heat, the state of matter may change. The addition or removal of heat may change the state of matter.

2 (1) You clearly can see the difference between the treated and untreated specimens. The difference between the treated and untreated specimens can be clearly seen

(2) Effective vaccines present such hazards, but only if a social organiz

Lecture 1

1.3

1（1）We can improve its performance when we use super-heated steam.

An improvement of its performance can be affected by the use of super-heated steam （2）If we add or remove heat, the state of matter may change. The addition or removal of heat may change the state of matter.

2 (1) You clearly can see the difference between the treated and untreated specimens. The difference between the treated and untreated specimens can be clearly seen

(2) Effective vaccines present such hazards, but only if a social organiz