英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家被称为

IntroductionAbout the course Bird-eye view of American literature Origin and formation of American literature.

About the Course

Course description: While offering a very brief outline of American literary history from the colonial period to the post war time, this course provides guided reading of chosen pieces by American literary masters from every important stage in the American literary evolution, and explores the historical experience as well as the literary importance of these writers. It aims to introduce the stu

作家作品

一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 乔叟1343~1400

(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

The father of English poetry.

Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.

作品：

① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：

first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗勒斯与克丽西德

③ <The House of Fame>声誉之堂

④<The book of the Duchess>公爵夫人之书

⑤<The Parliament of Fowls>百鸟议会

二、William Shakespeare威廉 莎士比亚1564~1616 playwright,poet

评价comments：

Widely regarded as the greatest writer in

1. What is Literature?

?

Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences. Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by university of intellectual and emotional appeal.

Literature shows us not only what a society is like in a certain age, but also what individuals feel about it, what they hope from it, and how they can change it or escape from it.

《外国文学》（下）期末复习重点提要

十九世纪浪漫主义文学

一、基础知识

1．浪漫主义文学的基本特征：⑴强调个性，表现自我。 ⑵强烈的主观性和抒情性 。

⑶崇尚自然，提倡想象。⑷鲜明的夸张和对比，表现神奇内容。 ⑸重视中古文化和民间文学，富于民族特色。

2. 德国：发源地，早期“耶拿派” ，施莱格尔兄弟、诺瓦利斯《夜的颂歌》 3. 晚期“海德尔堡派”，格林兄弟，小说家霍夫曼

4.海涅，最著名的浪漫主义诗人，《德国——一个冬天的童话》

5．英国：湖畔派三诗人：①华兹华斯“大自然诗人”，代表作《丁登寺》，《抒情歌谣集·序》：英国浪漫主义文学宣言②柯勒律治《古舟子咏》③骚塞《书斋咏怀》

6.雪莱《致云雀》、《西风颂》“要是冬天已经来了，春天怎能遥远？”“天才的预言家”（恩格斯），诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》

7.济慈《秋颂》《忧郁颂》《夜莺颂》《希腊古瓮颂》，“纯美说”对唯美主义的影响 8.拜伦《恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记》，“拜伦式英雄”的雏形。

《东方叙事诗》，塑造了众多“拜伦式英雄”典型。 《唐璜》讽刺艺术

9.司各特，欧洲历史小说的创始人，《艾凡赫》

10.法国：夏多布里昂，擅长异国情调和“废墟美”的诗意描写，《勒内》：孤独、忧郁、厌世的“世纪病”

现实主义时期英国文学概述

现实主义时期文学（19世纪30年代-1918）

1837年维多利亚女王（Queen Victoria， 1819-1901）登基。在她统治时期，英国一度取得世界贸易和工业的垄断地位，科学、文化、艺术出现繁荣的局面。维多利亚时代英国诗歌表现出与浪漫主义截然不同的诗风，诗人们不再沉湎于主观感情的发泄，而是注重形式的典雅，对诗艺精益求精。罗伯特·布朗宁（Robert Browning， 1812-1889）早年从事过戏剧创作，后来专门写戏剧独白。戏剧独白是一种通过主人公的自白或议论来抒发情感的无韵体诗。在《皮帕走过了》（Pippa Passes）、《指环与书》（The Ring and the Book）等作品中，诗人带上\面具\，进入戏剧人物内心世界，以其口吻娓娓而谈，语言极为生动，说话者跃然纸上。阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生（Alfred Tennyson， 1809-1892）在他漫长的艺术生涯中创作了大量的抒情诗、哲理诗和叙事诗，诗风凝重、典雅。丁尼生的剑桥挚友哈勒姆溺水而死，对他诗歌创作产生深远影响。诗人在挽诗《悼念》（In Memoriam A. H. H）中表达了真切的伤感和悲痛，同时反映了对生活本质和人类命运的思索和

I. Multiple choice.

7. The English Renaissance period was an age of ______. A. poetry and drama C. novel and poetry

B. drama and novel D. romance and poetry

2. Renaissance first started in _______, with the flowering of the fields of painting, sculpture and literature. A. France C. Germany

B. Italy D. Britain

10. _____ is the essence of the Renaissance. A. Poetry C. Humanism

B. Drama D. Reason

11 “To be, or not to be—that is the question” is a line taken from ______. A. Hamlet C. King Lear

B. Othello

D. The Merchant of V

I. Multiple choice.

7. The English Renaissance period was an age of ______. A. poetry and drama C. novel and poetry

B. drama and novel D. romance and poetry

2. Renaissance first started in _______, with the flowering of the fields of painting, sculpture and literature. A. France C. Germany

B. Italy D. Britain

10. _____ is the essence of the Renaissance. A. Poetry C. Humanism

B. Drama D. Reason

11 “To be, or not to be—that is the question” is a line taken from ______. A. Hamlet C. King Lear

B. Othello

D. The Merchant of V

British Literature

I. Multiple Choice.

The Middle Age

1. When we speak of the Old English prose, the first name that comes into our minds is_______, who is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as father of English learning. A. William Shakespeare B. Beowulf

C. Julius Caesar D. Venerable Bede

2. The most important work of Alfred the Great is _______, which is regarded as the best monument of the Old English prose.

A. The Song of Beowulf B. The Anglo-Sa

填空 A.

1. Dickens‘ writings from 1836 to 1841 show the characteristic of youthful _______.

2. Dickens‘ writings from 1842 to 1850 show the character of _______. 3. Dickens‘ writings from 1852 to 1870 show the feature of ______.

4. Nicholas Nickleby touches upon a burning question of the time—the education of ____ in private schools.

5. _____ is a great novel of social satire and famous for its criticism of both the British and American bourgeoisie.

6. The theme of Dombey and Son is the pride of wealth, or ―_____‖.

英国文学简史作家作品

1. The Old English Period Geoffrey Chaucer 杰佛雷?乔叟 1340-1400 Beowulf 贝奥武甫 Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集 The Book of Duchess 公爵夫人颂 The House of Fame声誉之宫 The Parliament of Fowls 百鸟会议 Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克莱西 Thomas More 托马斯·莫尔 Utopia 乌托邦 2. The Pre-Elizabethan Period 3. The Elizabethan age Edmond Spenser 埃德蒙·斯宾塞 Philip Sidney 菲力普·锡德尼 The Shepherds’s Calender 牧羊人日历 The Faerie Queene 仙后 Astrophel and Stella爱星者与星星 Apology for Poetrie为诗辩护 The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia阿卡荻亚 Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛 Tamburlaine铁木耳