旅游英语chapter14

20 非平稳随机过程

从本章起介绍计量经济学近20年来最新研究成果。从1974年开始计量经济学工作者渐渐意识到当用含有单位根的时间序列建立经典计量经济模型时会出现一些问题，这就是虚假回归。

应该知道通过经济数据了解经济变量的变化规律有时是存在相当大的局限性的，所以在建立模型时，必须依靠经济理论，同时对参数进行假设检验。实际上，只有经济理论是不够的。比如处于调整中的经济变量，哪些是它的外生变量，哪些是它的无关变量，单凭经济理论就很难判别清楚。所以当研究经济变量参数变化规律时，常常采用另外一种方法，即依靠统计理论的方法，通过设计具有某种特征的能生成数据的随机过程或数据生成系统研究经济问题。下面常常用到数据生成系统这个概念。 20.1 趋势平稳与差分平稳

20.1.1 趋势平稳：均值非平稳

如果yt不是围绕着某个常数波动，而是围绕某一趋势波动，即

yt = ?0 + ?1 t + ut, (4.8)

? (L)ut = ? (L) vt

ut为平稳可逆的ARMA过程。显然，E(yt) = ?0 + ?1 t。因此，{ yt }是非平稳的。将?0 +

Chapter 14 - Cost of Capital

Chapter 14 Cost of Capital Answer Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A group of individuals got together and purchased all of the outstanding shares of common stock of DL Smith, Inc. What is the return that these individuals require on this investment called?

A. dividend yield B. cost of equity C. capital gains yield D. cost of capital E. income return Refer to section 14.2

AACSB: N/A

Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Basic

Learning Objective: 14-1 Section: 14.2

Topic: Cost of equity

2. Textil

Cost Accounting, 14e (Horngren/Datar/Rajan)

Chapter 5 Activity-Based Costing and Activity-Based Management

Objective 5.1

1) If products are different, then for costing purposes:

A) an ABC costing system will yield more accurate cost numbers B) a simple costing system should be used C) a single indirect-cost rate should be used D) none of the above Answer: A Diff: 1

Terms: activity-based costing (ABC) Objective: 1

AACSB: Reflective thinking

2) Overcosting a particular product may result in: A) loss of market sh

Chapter 002 Analyzing and Recording Transactions

Summary of Questions by Difficulty Level (DL) and Learning Objective (LO) True/False Item DL 1. Easy 2. Easy 3. Easy 4. Easy 5. Easy 6. Easy 7. Easy 8. Easy 9. Med 10. Med 11. Med 12. Med 13. Med 14. Hard 15. Easy 16. Easy 17. Easy 18. Easy 19. Easy 20. Easy

LO Item C1 21. C1 22. C1 23. C2 24. C2 25. C3 26. C3 27. C3 28. C3 29. C3 30. C3 31. C3 32. C3 33. C3 34. C4 35. C3 36. C5 37. C5 38. C5 39. C5

40.

DL LO Med C5

金融英语 chapter 6

Part Six

Loans

Fundamental Issues:Ⅰ.Definition and Categories of Loans Ⅱ.Credit Process (P210) Ⅲ.Post-Disbursement Management (P231).1

金融英语 chapter 6

I. Definition and Categories of Loans1. Defination A loan is a sum of money advanced to a borrower, to be paid at a later date, usually with interest. A loan may be payable on demand (a demand loan), in equal monthly installments (an installment loan), or it may be good until further notice or due at maturity (a time loan). As for the mortgage, the bank is given the

测试

Chapter 2Test Functions and Test Categories

测试

Test functions Pedagogical functions Research functions

测试

Pedagogical functions The fundamental use of testing in pedagogical functions is to provide information for making decisions, that is, for evaluation. Decisions about selection of students -whether or not students should enter the continuing learning program. (Nation-wide University Entrance Examination) Decisions about placement of students -to make decisions regarding the division of students into appropriate gr

Chapter 12 Ireland Today

I. Political Structure 政治体制

Ireland is a parliamentary republic and a unitary统一的 state under the 1937 Constitution. The Constitution is theoretically 理论上applicable 适用于to the whole of Ireland. Citizens of Northern Ireland are also considered citizens and can run for office 竞选in the South. The Republic of Ireland consists of 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland.

根据1937年的宪法，爱尔兰是议会制共和国是中央集权国家。理论上讲，此宪法适用于整个爱尔兰岛，北爱尔兰公民也被视为共和国公民，能够竞选南方的职位。爱尔兰共和国由爱尔兰岛的32个郡中的26个郡组成。

1. Executive power 行政权

第十九章 美国政治制度

Ⅰ.美国宪法

美国宪法是美国政府的基本工具也是美国的最高法律。两个多世纪以来，它一直引导政治制度的逐渐成长，并为政治稳定，经济发展和社会进步提供了基础。

美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法。它起草于1787年，于1789年生效。独立战争刚胜利的时候，最早的十三个殖民地就像是十三个独立的国家。由于殖民地刚刚摆脱英国的统治，他们不想把自己的独立权交给一个强大的中央政府。但他们也清楚地知道，他们互相需要，于是他们选择了建立一个由各州组成的松散的联合体。1781年，第二次大陆会议通过一部宪法--《邦联宪法》。《邦联宪法》规定各州在国会中只有一票，国会是根据该宪法设立的立法机构，但是国会没有征税权，不能控制各州间的贸易，也就没有办法实施国会通过的法律。不但没有全国的行政或执法部门，而且也没有全国的法院体制。《邦联宪法》做了一件很重要的事情，那就是它建立了一个新的国家--美利坚合众国。人们开始把他们自己看作是美国的公民。

《邦联宪法》的缺点变得越来越明显，到1787年，很多人认为应当采取一些措施来克服这些缺点。

1787年，国会召集了由所有各州代表参加的会议，对《邦联宪法》进行修改，会议在费城举行，从5月一直开到9月--到会55名代表

Chapter 4 Syntax句法学 一、本章纲要

Chapter 4 Syntax 1.Syntax as a system of rules 2. Sentence structure 2.1 The basic components of a sentence 2.2 Types of sentences 2.2.1 The simple sentence 2.2.2 The coordinate sentence 2.2.3 The complex sentence 2.3 The linear and hierarchical structures 2.3.1 The linear word order of a sentence 2.3.2 The hierarchical structure of a 2.3.3 Tree diagrams of sentence structure 3. Syntactic categories 3.1 Lexical categories 3.2 Phrasal categories 4. Grammatical relations 5. Combinational rules 5.1

Chapter 4 Syntax句法学 一、本章纲要

Chapter 4 Syntax 1.Syntax as a system of rules 2. Sentence structure 2.1 The basic components of a sentence 2.2 Types of sentences 2.2.1 The simple sentence 2.2.2 The coordinate sentence 2.2.3 The complex sentence 2.3 The linear and hierarchical structures 2.3.1 The linear word order of a sentence 2.3.2 The hierarchical structure of a 2.3.3 Tree diagrams of sentence structure 3. Syntactic categories 3.1 Lexical categories 3.2 Phrasal categories 4. Grammatical relations 5. Combinational rules 5.1