英译汉翻译技巧总结

要真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难；首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭。二是中文表达难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好象在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的文章，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，所以，我们必须通过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，以找出一般的表达规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。

一、词义的选择和引伸技巧

英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流

考博英译汉技巧总结

1. 英汉语言的异同

1.1. 英语是形合：需要使用连词或者关联词表示各部分的逻辑关系；汉语是意

合：句与句之间的逻辑关系“隐含”于上下文之间。如果汉语使用形合句，则显得语气庄重、措辞严谨。

1.2. 语序方面，主谓宾的位置比较相似。然而状语、定语的位置有差异。状语：

英语可以放在主句前或后，汉语一般放在主句前。状语顺序方面，英语：方式状语+地点状语+时间状语；汉语：时间状语+地点状语+方式状语。定语：汉语大部分在修饰词的前面，英语的状语可以在修饰词的前（形容词）或者后（定语从句）。英语多长句、松散句（中心在句首），汉语多短句、圆周句（中心在句尾）。

1.3. 英语中多使用名词，汉语中多使用动词。因此，英语中的名词需要译成动

词。

2. 词语翻译的五大原则

2.1. 转换原则：将具有动词意味的名（形、介、副）词译成动词。

2.2. 具体原则：把原文中抽象或者比较抽象的词用较为具体的词进行翻译。 2.3. 加法原则：增补英语原句中省略的动词或其他省略部分。

2.4. 减法原则：英语中的部分不需要翻译【冠词；充当主语的人称代词、作宾

语的代词和物主代词；连词（并列连词、复合句中的连词）；介词（表示时间地点的英语介词在句首可省略，句尾

句子翻译音译汉：

1. their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.

她砰的关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。

2. the guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the 出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点儿意外。

3. johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone . 约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。

4. while she felt like joining the argument,nancy was too shy to open mouth.

南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。

5. what do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？

大学英语B翻译

红色字体为以往考试出现过的题目，黑色字体可以挑选部分题目给学生讲解。

1. A car is made up of many different parts. 汽车由许多不同的部分组成。

2. A characteristic of American culture is to respect the self-made man – the man who has made it through his own efforts.

美国文化的一个特点就是尊重自我奋斗者，即通过自身努力成功的人

3. A dolphin is always well-known as a clever and friendly animal. 在动物中，海豚素以其聪明与友好而著称。

4. A few weeks later the young lady returned, looking worse than ever.几周后这位年轻女士回来了，神色看起来比以往更

糟。

5. A friend of mine from high school is working in England now.我高中的一个朋友目前在英国工作。

6. A good diet cons

4. 英译汉

1.On christmas eve,excited children hang

up stocking at the foot of their beds ,they believe that santa sluas would put gifts into their stockings.Many people like to spend christmas quietly at home. 在圣诞节前夕，孩子们兴奋的把长筒袜挂在他们的床脚上，他们认为圣诞老人会把礼物放在娃子里。这天，也很多人喜欢在家安静的过圣诞节。 2.The Britsh Isles consits of two large

islands. One is called Ireland and the other Britian. Britain is the larger of the two islands, and it is divided into theree parts.

英格兰由两大岛组成，一个是爱尔兰岛，另外一个是不列颠岛。其中不列颠岛比较大，它被分为三大部分。

3.Hobbies also ofter interesting ac

4. 英译汉

1.On christmas eve,excited children hang

up stocking at the foot of their beds ,they believe that santa sluas would put gifts into their stockings.Many people like to spend christmas quietly at home. 在圣诞节前夕，孩子们兴奋的把长筒袜挂在他们的床脚上，他们认为圣诞老人会把礼物放在娃子里。这天，也很多人喜欢在家安静的过圣诞节。 2.The Britsh Isles consits of two large

islands. One is called Ireland and the other Britian. Britain is the larger of the two islands, and it is divided into theree parts.

英格兰由两大岛组成，一个是爱尔兰岛，另外一个是不列颠岛。其中不列颠岛比较大，它被分为三大部分。

3.Hobbies also ofter interesting ac

My father was a middle-class black. Though he was born poor, he achieved middle-class standing through much hard work and sacrifice (one of his favorite words) and by

identifying fully with solid middle-class values—mainly hard work, family life, property ownership, and education for his children (all four of whom have advanced degrees). In his mind these were not so much values as laws of nature. People who embodied them made up the positive images in his class identification. The negative images came largely from the blac

英译汉专项练习

1. As soon as he got home on Friday, his wife made him give her all the money. 星期五他一回到家，他的妻子就叫他交出所有的钱。

2. They are ordinary people, but did a great job. 他们都是普通人，但做得很好。

3. I have a pain in my back. 我的背部很疼。

4. What’s your nationality, Sir? 先生，请问您的国籍是哪里？

5. The doctor told me to drink more water. 医生告诉我多喝水。

6. Trees need water to grow. 树木需要水才能生长。

7. Were there any phone calls for me while I was out? 我不在时，有人打电话给我吗？

8. We must take some measures to control the pollution. 我们必须采取措施来控制污染。

9. I’m sure we’ll have a

英译汉

第七届“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛原文及参考译文（英译汉 “Why Measure Life in Heartbeats?”

Hemingway once wrote that courage is grace under pressure. But I would rather think with the 18th-century Italian dramatist, Vittorio Alfieri, that “often the test of courage is not to die but to live.” For living with cancer engenders more than pressure; it begets terror. To live with it, to face up to it—that’s courage.

Hope is our most effective “drug” in treating cancer. There is almost no cancer (at any stage) that cannot be treated. By instilling hope in

英译汉技术规范

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2012年2月

目录

目录 ...............................................................................................................................2 第1章 语言统一性规范 .............................................................................................4

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15

目录 ..............................................................................................................4 术语 ............................................................................