苏小卒土木工程专业英语翻译

第一单元

Fundamentally, engineering is an end-product-oriented discipline that is

innovative, cost-conscious and mindful of human factors. It is concerned with the

creation of new entities, devices or methods of solution: a new process, a new

material, an improved power source, a more efficient arrangement of tasks to

accomplish a desired goal or a new structure. Engineering is also more often than

not concerned with obtaining economical solutions. And, finally, human safety is

always a key consideration.

从根本上，工程是一个以最终产品为导向的行业，它具有创新、成本

第一单元 In terms of architecture, the structure of a building is and does much more than that. It is an inseparable part of the building form and to varying degrees is a generator of that form. Used skillfully, the building structure can establish or reinforce orders and rhythms among the architectural volumes and planes. It can be visually dominant or recessive. It can develop harmonies or conflicts. It can be both confining and emancipating. And, unfortunately in some cases, it cannot be ignored. It is physical.从建筑学方面来说，建

第一单元

Fundamentally, engineering is an end-product-oriented discipline that is innovative, cost-conscious and mindful of human factors. It is concerned with the creation of new entities, devices or methods of solution: a new process, a new material, an improved power source, a more efficient arrangement of tasks to accomplish a desired goal or a new structure. Engineering is also more often than not concerned with obtaining economical solutions. And, finally, human safety is always a key consideration.

从根本上，工程是一个以最终产品为导向的行业，它具

第一单元

Fundamentally, engineering is an end-product-oriented discipline that is innovative, cost-conscious and mindful of human factors. It is concerned with the creation of new entities, devices or methods of solution: a new process, a new material, an improved power source, a more efficient arrangement of tasks to accomplish a desired goal or a new structure. Engineering is also more often than not concerned with obtaining economical solutions. And, finally, human safety is always a key consideration.

从根本上，工程是一个以最终产品为导向的行业，它具

第一课

土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。

土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。

土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。

领域。因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地

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Unit 13 第十三单元

Survey

测量

教学目标

了解测量的内容、方法、范围和原理

了解常用的测量类型

熟悉各种测量方法和类型的词汇

熟悉科技类文献的常用句型

熟悉map、chart、plot、construction、draw的含义；so far、heretofore、by far的含义；have to do with、be referred to、be related to的含义；compatible with、pertain to 、application to 的含义；；layout、staking out 的含义；construction的不同含义。

Surveying has to do with（与..有关）the determination of the relative spatial location（相对空间位置）of points on or near the surface of the earth. It is the art（技术）of measuring horizontal and vertical distance between objects, of measuring angles between lines,

土木工工程专业英语作业翻译答案

1、Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, 1. 土木工程作为最老的工程技术学科，是指对建筑环境的规划、设计、建设及管理。此处的

环境包括按照科学原理建造的所有结构，从灌溉排水系统到火箭发射设施。

2、Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass大宗, 大量 transit运行, 运输 , and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrap

State-of-the-art report of bridge health monitoring

Abstract

The damage diagnosis and healthmonitoring of bridge structures are active areas of research in recent years. Comparing with the aerospace engineering and mechanical engineering, civil engineering has the specialities of its own in practice. For example, because bridges, as well as most civil engineering structures, are large in size, and have quite lownatural frequencies and vibration levels, at low amplitudes, the dynamic responses of bridge structure are substan

第一单元

Fundamentally, engineering is an end-product-oriented discipline that is innovative, cost-conscious and mindful of human factors. It is concerned with the creation of new entities, devices or methods of solution: a new process, a new material, an improved power source, a more efficient arrangement of tasks to accomplish a desired goal or a new structure. Engineering is also more often than not concerned with obtaining economical solutions. And, finally, human safety is always a key consideration.

从根本上，工程是一个以最终产品为导向的行业，它具

重庆科技学院学生毕业设计（论文）

外 文 译 文

学 院 建筑工程学院 专业班级 土木工程2011级试点班 学生姓名 李金虎 学 号 2011442764

译 文 要 求

1. 外文翻译必须使用签字笔，手工工整书写，或用A4纸打印。

2. 所选的原文不少于10000印刷字符，其内容必须与课题或专业方向紧密相关，由指导教师提供，并注明详细出处。

3. 外文翻译书文本后附原文（或复印件）。

本文献来源于：

[1] 董祥. 土木工程专业英语. 2010（9）：151-163

2设计考虑的问题 （1）简介

影响长期机场路面使用性能的因素大致可分为以下几类：充分的路面结构设计;采用优质材料;使用正确的施工程序;及时维护和修理。

在美国的民用机场和军用机场，在机场设计混凝土路面的整个过程包括以下步骤：

1）土壤调查：进行土壤钻孔，以确定地下地层的属性，并以获得地下水深度。土样的类型由土壤分类和实验室测试获得。

2）评估路基支持的设计等级：从土壤中获得的信息数据，用来评价路基条件和应低于