非限制性定语从句的连接词

Module 2 Grammar and usageNon-restrictive attributive clauses

非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句的概念： 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制或修饰的作用，是先 行词在意义上不可缺少的 定语 ，如果去掉，主句的意 思就不完整或失去意义。从句和主句的关系密切，写 时不用逗号分开。例如： eg: This is the soldier who saved the boy’s life.先行词 引导词

定语从句

非限制性定语从句的概念： 非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果 去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。和主句关系不十分密切， 从句和主句之间用逗号分开。 例如：

Rome , which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.罗马是意大利的首都，有着非常悠久的历史。

1、限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句的区别： 限制性定语从句常翻译为：“…的…” 非限制性定语从句常翻译为两个并列句

(1) 限制性定语从句 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to colleg

1.Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _______ is a hospital.

A. in where B. to the east of which

C. to the east of it D. in the east of that

2. My brother's purse, _______ he put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus.

A. there B. which C. in which D. that

3. The computer, _____ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle.

A. which B. for which C. that D. to that

4. Last night we saw two movies, _____ was interesting.

A. both of which B. neither of which

C. both of them

定语从句的连接词不可以用what．

一.定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man wh

导入练习1

1. — Is that the small company you often refer to?

— Right, just the one _______ you know my father used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. As 2. — Where did they fi nish the experiment?

— It was in the lab _______ was taken charge of by Prof. Smith. A. where B. / C. which D. in which

3. Examination compositions, together with most business letters and government reports, are the main situations _______ formal language is used.

A. in which B. in that C. of whic

定语从句的连接词不可以用what．

一.定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man wh

【练习题】 练习题】 1. He was very rude to the customs officer, ______ of course made things even worse. A. which B. whom C. what D. who

2. The old lady,______ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government. A. all her children B. all of her children C. all of whose children D. whose all children

3. Living in the central Australia desert has its problems,______ getting water is not the least. A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose

4. It rained hard yesterday, ______ prevented me from going to the park. A. that B. it

which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同

which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同

which与as一样，都可以引导非限制性定语从句，它们既有相同之处，也有差别。因此在实际运用中容易混淆。它们的某些用法在高考中也会考查。

一．相同点。

两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。 The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted. He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.

二． 不同点

1. as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活，which可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。

As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.

Air, as we know, is gas.

2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。

She told me she won the match , whi

1、时间状语从句

A. when, while, as, whenever;

when, while, as表示主句谓语作与从句得谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。

1.when

①when表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用持续性动词。

When I got home, my family were already having dinner、我到家得时候,全家已在吃晚饭。

(when表示点时间)

When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in、当她们还在说笑得时候,老师进来了。(when表示段时间)

He waved hello when he saw her、当她瞧见她得时候,就挥手打了个招呼。(when 表示点时间)

When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something、当您认为自己一无所知得时候,就开始知道一些事情了。(when表示段时间)

【注意】当when意思就是正当……时候(and at that moment)时,when只能跟在前一分句之后。

He was about to go to b

1388 第二军医大学学报AcadJSecMil

MedUniv

2005Dec 26 12

论垂直负荷下颈椎前路限制性与非限制性钢板的生物力学比较

李超1!阮狄克1

”

著

!谈诚2!丁宇1

1.海军总医院骨科 北京100037 2.航天员科研与训练中心 北京100094

!摘要"分析比较颈椎前路非限制性钢板与限制性钢板的生物力学差异 方法：6具成人新鲜颈椎标本行C4-5椎间盘目的：每个标本依次在无钢板固定~非限制性钢板固定~限制性钢板固定~限制性钢板固定+植骨块吸收1mm~非限制性钢摘除术

C无钢板板固定+植骨块吸收1mm5种情况下分别采用椎间压力传感器及应变计测量椎间压力负荷与钢板负荷 结果：1>固定~非限制性钢板固定~限制性钢板固定3种情况下 椎间压力递减 且差异显著C;当植骨块出现吸收塌陷1mmP＜0.01>时 非限制性钢板组较限制性钢板组为椎间植骨块分担更多的压力C C无论椎间植骨有无吸收塌陷 限制性钢板P＜0.01>2>均较非限制性钢板传递更多负荷C C在植骨块出现吸收塌陷后 后柱结构分担负荷均有增加 尤以使用非限制性P＜0.01>3> C钢板除了传递压缩应力外 还会产生弯曲应力 无论有无植骨吸收塌陷产生 限制性钢板产生钢板增加明显C

1388 第二军医大学学报AcadJSecMil

MedUniv

2005Dec 26 12

论垂直负荷下颈椎前路限制性与非限制性钢板的生物力学比较

李超1!阮狄克1

”

著

!谈诚2!丁宇1

1.海军总医院骨科 北京100037 2.航天员科研与训练中心 北京100094

!摘要"分析比较颈椎前路非限制性钢板与限制性钢板的生物力学差异 方法：6具成人新鲜颈椎标本行C4-5椎间盘目的：每个标本依次在无钢板固定~非限制性钢板固定~限制性钢板固定~限制性钢板固定+植骨块吸收1mm~非限制性钢摘除术

C无钢板板固定+植骨块吸收1mm5种情况下分别采用椎间压力传感器及应变计测量椎间压力负荷与钢板负荷 结果：1>固定~非限制性钢板固定~限制性钢板固定3种情况下 椎间压力递减 且差异显著C;当植骨块出现吸收塌陷1mmP＜0.01>时 非限制性钢板组较限制性钢板组为椎间植骨块分担更多的压力C C无论椎间植骨有无吸收塌陷 限制性钢板P＜0.01>2>均较非限制性钢板传递更多负荷C C在植骨块出现吸收塌陷后 后柱结构分担负荷均有增加 尤以使用非限制性P＜0.01>3> C钢板除了传递压缩应力外 还会产生弯曲应力 无论有无植骨吸收塌陷产生 限制性钢板产生钢板增加明显C