解释性定语从句

一、 英汉句子构句原则及其特点 1. 汉语

构句原则：

汉语根据事件的实际发生（时间/逻辑）顺序组织或构建话语（句群/长句）。先发生先表达后发生后表达，先因后果，等等。

句法特点：

自左至右音义语块（小句、词组）按事理逻辑线性铺陈，一个小句接一个小句，似断实连，层次不清（难分主次），句界模糊（语句结构开放、意尽为界）。

例1：

他原来在南方参加一项建筑工程，任务完成后上Georgia去度假，享受高加索的阳光，头一天才坐飞机回来。 不当翻译：

In the South he had been engaged in a construction job. After he completed the work he went to spend his vacation in Georgia. There he basked in Caucasia sun. And he had

flown in just the day before.

【意义主次不分、结构过于松散，不符合英

语书面语的特点】

比较：

He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his

Module 2 Grammar and usageNon-restrictive attributive clauses

非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句的概念： 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制或修饰的作用，是先 行词在意义上不可缺少的 定语 ，如果去掉，主句的意 思就不完整或失去意义。从句和主句的关系密切，写 时不用逗号分开。例如： eg: This is the soldier who saved the boy’s life.先行词 引导词

定语从句

非限制性定语从句的概念： 非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果 去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。和主句关系不十分密切， 从句和主句之间用逗号分开。 例如：

Rome , which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.罗马是意大利的首都，有着非常悠久的历史。

1、限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句的区别： 限制性定语从句常翻译为：“…的…” 非限制性定语从句常翻译为两个并列句

(1) 限制性定语从句 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to colleg

定语从句

I prefer music that has great lyrics.我更喜欢歌词优美得音乐。 Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of misic. 卡门喜欢演奏不同类型乐曲的音乐家。

Today, Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece which all the great erhu masters play and praise.

如今，阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首呗所有的二胡大师演奏并高度评价的乐曲。 1，定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 2，殷代定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（that， which，who,whom,whose等）和关系副词（where，why,when等）。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词与定语从句之间，既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。

3，关系代词（that， which，who,whom,whose）在定语从句中的语法功能及其正确使用

关系代词在定语从句中可做主语、宾语、定语等。当关系代词在从句中作宾

关系代词as的用法

1. 用于引导限制性定语从句，主要与such, as, the same连用，其意为“像??的”“凡是??的”“??一类的人(物)”。如：

He’s not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。

He is not such a man as would leave his work half done. 他并不是一个做事半途而废的人。 You must show my wife the same respect as you show me. 你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的敬重。

He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。 2. 用于引导非限制性定语从句，根据情况可位于主句之前或之后，有时也可插在主句中间，其意为“这件事”“这一点”。如(www.yygrammar.com)：

He is late, as is often the case. 他迟到了，这是经常的事。

As is usual with children, they soon got tired. 孩子们一贯如此, 他们很快

1.Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _______ is a hospital.

A. in where B. to the east of which

C. to the east of it D. in the east of that

2. My brother's purse, _______ he put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus.

A. there B. which C. in which D. that

3. The computer, _____ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle.

A. which B. for which C. that D. to that

4. Last night we saw two movies, _____ was interesting.

A. both of which B. neither of which

C. both of them

定语从句强化训练

1. Is there a bar around _____I can have something to eat?

A. that B. what C. which 2. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof A. which I think are C. which I think they A. in which; which C. where; what

5. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day? A. that you talked

B. you talked about it D. you talked about C. That C. what

定语从句： 构成：

定语从句翻译 先行词 成分 人 主语 宾语 物 主语 宾语 定语 时间 地点 原因 关系词 that/who that/who/省略 that/which that/which/省略 whose when where why 例句 关 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? 系 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working 代 The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. 词 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my desk-mate. 关I will ne

Attributive clause --1

一、 who(主 宾) whom(宾) which(主 宾) that(主 宾)= who + which whose …的 以上5个关系代词+完整或不完整句子

where when why 3个关系副词+完整句 as while然而

1 那些在外国学习的孩子将会有机会去体验一种完全不同的文化。

Those children who study abroad will be blessed with an opportunity to experience a totally different culture.

2通过互联网，学生可以学到很多有用和启发性的知识。

Through the Internet, students can acquire a great deal of knowledge which/that is useful and thought-provoking.

3网络是一种有效的拓展孩子知识面的工具。

The Internet is a tool which/that can expand children’s horizon of knowled

导入练习1

1. — Is that the small company you often refer to?

— Right, just the one _______ you know my father used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. As 2. — Where did they fi nish the experiment?

— It was in the lab _______ was taken charge of by Prof. Smith. A. where B. / C. which D. in which

3. Examination compositions, together with most business letters and government reports, are the main situations _______ formal language is used.

A. in which B. in that C. of whic

定语从句的翻译(1): 较短的限制性定语从句可译成带“的” 的定语词组。

在英语中，定语从句很常见，有的结构比较简单，有的结构相当复杂，有的与先行词关系密切(限制性)，有的与先行词关系不甚密切(非限制性)，有的定语从句还具有原因、结果、让步、目的、条件、假设等意义。

英语的定语从句种类较多，翻译时有比较大的灵活性，可根据其结构和含义采用不同的译法。

限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，尤其是一些较短的限制性

定语从句，没有它主句的意义便不完整，可按照汉语定语前置

的习惯将其译成带“的”的定语词组，放在先行词的前面。例如：

1. The boy who just went out is my nephew. 刚出去的那个孩子是我的侄儿。 2. The book I read this morning is a dictionary. 我今天上午看的那本书是词典。

3. He is the only one among us that knows French. 他是我们中惟一懂法语的人。

4. The house whose roof was da