语言学chapter5课后答案

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语言学chapter5 meaning exercises

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I. Choose the best answer.

1. Which pair of antonyms does not belong to gradable antonyms?______ A. good, bad B. hit, miss C. long, short D. small, big

2. The verb “take” can be analyzed in the following way according to the componential analysis._____

A. take=CAUSE(x, (HAVE(x, y))) B. take=CAUSE(x, (~HAVE(x, y))) C. take=CAUSE(x, (BECOME(x, y))) D.take=CAUSE(x, (~BECOME(x, y))) 3. _______is the name for oppositeness relation, which includes three main sub-types. A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Polysemy D. Synonymy

chapter 5 semantics语言学

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语义学

语义学是对语言单位,尤其是词和句子意义的研究。

1.“意义”的意义

G.Leech提出7种意义:概念意义,内涵意义,社会意义,感情意义,反射意义,搭配意义,主题意义。G.Leech的概念意义包括两个方面:涵义和指称。涵义和指称的区别类似内涵与外延:前者指一个实体的抽象属性,后者指拥有这些属性的具体实体。每个单词都有涵义,即概念意义,否则他们无法使用或理解,但并非每个单词都有指称。

2.指称论(命名论):该理论把词语意义与词所指或词所代表的事物联系起来。该理论对于解释专有名词或在现实中有所指的名词时很有效。但其无法指称抽象概念。有时同一东西会有不同词语的表达。

3.概念论。代表是语义三角说。该理论认为,词和所指事物之间没有直接关系,而是以抽象的概念为中介。

4,语境论认为应该在具体语境中研究词的意义. 语境包括情景语境和上下文两种。

5.行为主义理论认为词的意义是说话者说话得情景及听话人的反应

6.意义关系

词语词之间的主要意义关系:相同关系,相反关系,包含关系

a.同义关系。完全同义关系很少,所谓的同一都依赖语境,并总在某方面不同。(方言,内涵,文体等)

b.反义关系主要包括:等级反义关系,互补反义关系,关系反义关系。

1)等级反义的特点:第一,否定一方并不

语言学Chapter 5 Meaning 练习

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Chapter 5 Meaning

I. Choose the best answer (20%).

1. We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.

A. the conceptualist view B. contextualism C. the naming theory D. behaviorism 2. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form. C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.

D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not

语言学教案Chapter 5 Meaning

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Chapter 5 Meaning

5.1 Meanings of “meaning”

5.2 The referential theory

5.3 Sense relations

5.3.1 Synonymy

5.3.2 Antonymy

5.3.3 Hyponymy

5.4 Componential analysis

5.5. Sentence meaning

5.5.1 An integrated theory

5.5.2 Logical semantics

Semantics: the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular.

5.1 Meanings of “meaning”

Ogden & Richards: 16 major categories of meaning, with 22 sub-categories

Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards. 1923. The Meaning of Meaning[M]. London:

Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Leech: 7 ty

语言学概论 语言学课后习题答案

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P7 3. Discuss the relation of arbitrariness and rules?

Words are arbitrary in form, but they are not random in their use. Although the link between form and meaning is arbitrary, there existed certain relationship between them, which can be called rules. The individual does not have the power to change a sign in any way once it has become established in the linguistic community.

P12

3.Please explain the primacy of human language over animal

communication.

Human language is primary over animal communication in the follo

黄学良电路基础Chapter5

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黄学良电路基础Chapter5

主编 黄学良

黄学良电路基础Chapter5

第5章

非正弦周期电流电路

5. 1 非正弦周期量的傅里叶级数展开5. 2 非正弦周期量的有效值、平均 值和平均功率 5. 3 非正弦周期电流电路的分析 5.4 对称三相电路中的高次谐波

黄学良电路基础Chapter5

5. 1 非正弦周期量的傅里叶级数展开5. 1. 1 非正弦周期信号线性电路 且 一个或多个同频正弦电源,则稳态响应是同频的正弦量。

非线性电路 或

非正弦电源周期、非周期

,则稳态响应是非正弦量。

常见的非正弦周期量: i 脉 冲 波 形 方 波 T t

i

T

t

黄学良电路基础Chapter5

i

i

T

t

T 半波整流波形i

t

尖顶波 (如:电机的磁化电流)D u i

TO

t

u

R

O

T

t

二极管整流电路及波形

黄学良电路基础Chapter5

非正弦量可分为周期量与非周期量两种 本章主要讨论 非正弦周期电源作用于线性电路的情况 线性非正弦周期电流电路的计算方法,即谐波分析 (Harmonic Analysis)。其过程: 1、将非正弦周期电源分解成一系列不同频率的正弦量; (应 用周期函数的傅里叶级数分解方法) 2、计算在各个正弦量单独作用下的电路的响应; 3、将各个响应按时域形式叠加。(线性

Intermediate accounting answer chapter5

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? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009

Solutions Manual, Vol.1, Chapter 5

5-1

AACSB assurance of learning standards in accounting and business education require documentation of outcomes assessment. Although schools, departments, and faculty may approach assessment and its documentation differently, one approach is to provide specific questions on exams that become the basis for assessment. To aid faculty in this endeavor, we have labeled each question, exercise and problem in Intermediate Accounting, 5e with the following

语言学Chapter 4 Syntax参考答案

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Chapter 4 Syntax

(部分练习要求画树形图,这里只作初步的替代性的成分划分,仅供参考)

1. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. a) The old lady suddenly left. Det A N Adv V

b) The car stopped at the end of the road. Det N V P Det N P Det N

c) The snow might have blocked the road. Det N Aux Infl V Det N

d) He never appears quite mature. N Qual V Deg A

2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the ap

语言学纲要课后答案

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[资料]《语言学纲要》课后思考题答案

语言学纲要思考题(第一章)

Ø 第一章 语言的社会功能

1. 什么是语言?

从语言学的角度看,我们主要侧重于从语言的社会功能角度来认识考察语言。从语言的社会功能看,人类语言虽然多种多样,但归结起来功能都是相同的,即作为交际工具和思维工具。按照我们的教材给语言下一个定义就是;语言是人类最重要的交际工具,也是思维的工具。

2. 语言的作用是什么,举例说明。

1) 语言是人类最重要的交际工具。

人类传递信息,进行交际和交流思想,除了使用语言外,还可以使用文字、旗语、红绿灯、电报代码、数学符号以及身势、表情等,在一定场合使用,可以弥补语言的一些不足,但是这些交际工具使用范围有限,有的仅用于特定的范围,最重要的是,这些交际工具,都离不开语言,都是在语言的基础上产生的,是辅助语言进行交际的,没有语言,这些手段的存在没有任何意义。(即为什么说语言是人类最重要的交际工具。)

2) 语言是人类的思维工具。

语言不但是人类的交际工具,同时也是人类思维的工具,是认识成果的贮存所。思维过程离不开语言,需要借助语言来进行比较、分析、综合等一系列活动,需要借助语言来形成思想,利用语言把它储存在头脑中,再借助语言把思想表达出来,传达给听话人,

语言学课后习题答案

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Chapter 1

Introduction

1. De?ne the following terms brie?y.

(1) linguistics: the scienti?c or systematic study of language.

(2) language: a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. (3) arbitrariness: the absence of similarity between the form of a linguistic sign and what it

relates to in reality, e.g. the word dog does not look like a dog.

(4) duality: the way meaningless elements of language at one level (sounds and letters)

combine to fo