过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别

Unit 1 Grammar 过去分词作定语和表语

一、过去分词的构成: 规则动词的过去分词由“动词+-ed”

构成,不规则动词的过去分词参见高二课本上册P104---P107. 二、过去分词的句法功能

过去分词在句中可作定语、表语、宾补和状语。 1.过去分词作定语

1)单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的词前面；

①a broken cup ②a stolen car:一辆被盗的轿车 ③polluted air:被污染的空气 ④closed windows

⑤spoken English 英语口语 ⑥ written exercises 书面练习

温馨提示：有时个别单个过去分词也作后置定语，但是这些过去分词做前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。 a wanted person:被通缉的人

workers wanted:招聘工人

a concerned look:关切的神情 the people concerned:有关人士

注意：a)有时少数单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在被修饰词的后面。 There is little time left. L

Grammar learningThe Past Participle as the attribute and predicative

Senior 2 English Group

used as

1.过去分词作定语 (Attribute)(1) 在句中的位置 单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰 的名词或代词前面；a broken heart the risen sun

一颗破碎的心已经升起的太阳

a lost child

丢失的孩子

过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所 修饰的名词或代词后面。

people addicted to drugsa novel written by Luxun

the advice given to the patientan old man supported by his son

a school built for orphans

单个过去分词修饰 something,

everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody,those 等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。

Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.

过去分词和现在分词

1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the ________ soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding

2. The meeting______ yesterday aimed to deal with the problems linked to teenagers’ mental health.

A. to be held B. held C. being held 3. The _____ dishes lay on the floor.

A. breaking. B. broken. C. broke. 4.Don’t use words, expressions

or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. known

5.The ship______ by a huge piece of

过去分词做宾语补足语

Past Participle---used as Attribute and Predicative规则动词的过去分词由动词原型加词尾-ed 规则动词的过去分词由动词原型加词尾 构成。不规则动词没有统一的构成规则。 构成。不规则动词没有统一的构成规则。 例如： 例如：attend-attended suspectsuspected pollute-polluted write-wrote buy-bought catch-caught

过去分词做宾语补足语

I: Introduction过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式， 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示完成和被动的动 它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成分。 作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成分。

一.过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况 1、前置定语 、单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名次之前， 单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名次之前，表 示被动和完成的意义。 示被动和完成的意义。 a)被动意义 被动意义 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hos

过去分词做定语和表语

实意动词/行为动词(vt./vi) run sing learn say write

动 词

谓语动词

连系动词 am is are was were look sound seem get turn 助动词 do does did have has will 情态动词 can may must need dare 不定式 ( to do )

非谓语动词

动名词 ( V-ing )

分词 ( V-ing / V-ed )

非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句(谓语动词), 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

语名称 不定 式 动名 词 现在 分词 过去 主语 √ √ 宾 语 √ √ √

法表语 √

功

能

宾语 定语 状语 补足 语 √ √ √ √

√ √

√ √

√ √

√ √

时态：完成 语态：被动

1.作状语 2.作定语 3.作表语 4.作补语

过 去 分 词

具有形容词和副词的特征

课文原句：想一想划线的过去分词充当什么

上课用的课件,讲练结合,效果不错。

Unit 1 Grammar

The Past Participle (1) as the Attributive and Predicative

上课用的课件,讲练结合,效果不错。

Polluted air and water are harmful to our health. attribute定语 She looked very excited. predicative 表语

I'm going to have my hair cut. object complement

宾补Seen form the hill,the park looks very nice. adverbial状语

上课用的课件,讲练结合,效果不错。

Translation 一支点燃的蜡烛 a lighted candle

一枚用过的邮票a used stamp

上课用的课件,讲练结合,效果不错。

一枚破损的硬币 a broken coin

一名退休教师 a retired teacher

上课用的课件,讲练结合,效果不错。

一个受伤的手指 an injured finger

一个醉鬼 a drunken man

上课用的课件,讲练结合,效果不错。

Past

V.+ing用作现在分词作定语和状语

课前预习案

学习建议：根据所列例句，理解并尝试总结现在分词在句子中的用法。 动词--ing形式作定语和状语

I.ing 形式作定语

1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。如：a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.

2. 现在分词作后置定语

The girl standing under the tree is really charming.

这句话中，standing under the tree就做girl的后置定语，意为“站在树下的女孩子” 。The girl （who is）standing under the tree 这里加上who is则变为从句，省略则为现在分词作后置定语

定语：起修饰限定作用的语言成分，多为“···的”； 后置定语，顾名思义，放在被修

A. reduce

B. reducing

C. reduced

D. reduces

20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.

A. live

B. to live

C. lived

D. living

21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.

A. understand

B. understanding

C. to understand

D. understood

22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.

A. settle

B. settled

C. to settle

D. settling

23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.

A. busily prepared

B. busy preparing

C. busily prepare

D. are busily preparing

24. The grou

V.+ing用作现在分词作定语和状语

课前预习案

学习建议：根据所列例句，理解并尝试总结现在分词在句子中的用法。 动词--ing形式作定语和状语

I.ing 形式作定语

1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。如：a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.

2. 现在分词作后置定语

The girl standing under the tree is really charming.

这句话中，standing under the tree就做girl的后置定语，意为“站在树下的女孩子” 。The girl （who is）standing under the tree 这里加上who is则变为从句，省略则为现在分词作后置定语

定语：起修饰限定作用的语言成分，多为“···的”； 后置定语，顾名思义，放在被修

过去分词作宾补

一. 过去分词作宾补,表示动作已经完成或结束.能用作宾补的过去分词一般都是vt , 表示被动意义或已完成的意义,有时两者兼之,作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象.

eg. After walking up , I found everyone gone . The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard. They found their new bikes stolen. 二． 需要过去分词作宾补的情况：

1. 使役动词 get ,have , keep , leave, let, make 等后，可用过去分词作宾补，“致使某人或某事被……”

eg. We should keep them informed of what is going on here. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s . I had my record repaired.

2. 感官动词feel ,find , hear, notice, see, watc