八年级英语下 Unit1 Helping those in need - 图文

Unit1 Helping those in need

重点词汇讲解

1. raise v. 筹集；提升；增加

第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising 搭配：raise money 筹款；raise money for … 为……筹款 raise one’s voice 提高嗓门； 例如：They raised money for homeless people.

raise price 提高价格；raise one’s spirits 打起精神 raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如：

raise cattle = keep cattle（饲养牲口）和raise children（抚养孩子） 辨析：raise, rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别

(1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。

raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：

The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。 Bath n. 沐浴，浴室 bathe v. 沐浴，洗，（光线）充满

(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：

The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动

行动）

The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）

2. permission n. = agreement 准许；批准 搭配：ask permission 报请批准

Write a letter to the head teacher to to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。

同根词：permit v. = allow you to do it 许可，准许；默许 The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 知识拓展：

(1) 表示请求某人允许自己做某事，通常与动词ask, ask for, request连用。 She asked for permission to leave work early.她请求许可早点下班。 (2) 表示允许某人做某事，通常与动词give连用。

Who gave you permission to come here? 谁准许你到这里来的 (3)表示不允许某人做某事，通常与动词refuse/ deny 连用。

The school has been refused permission to expand.学校扩充未得到允许

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3. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的

I taught disabled children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌。 同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使残废，使伤残 He is disabled from voting. 他失去了选举资格。

enable v. [?n'e?b(?)l] = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事 The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. 新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。

搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍

4. offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出 搭配： offer to do sth. 主动提出去做某事，愿意做某事

Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。 搭配：offer one’s hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物

They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费 辨析：provide, offer的区别：

provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品,多数情况是免费的。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。

offer表示主动提供服务、工作等，对方可以接受，也可以不接受。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。

例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。 Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。

5. illness n. （某种）病

The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。 同根词：ill adj. 有病的 （比较级：worse, 最高级：worst） 辨析：ill, illness, sick的区别： illness是ill的名词形式，是可数名词。

ill和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。 ill表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；

sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick, 但不能说an ill man或the ill。例如：

He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。

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She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。

She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。

sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。例如：The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。 ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。例如： He is an ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。

一言辨异：Although I am ill, I have to look after my sick sister at home today. Because of illness, she can’t go to school.尽管我病了，但是今天我必须在家照看我生病的妹妹。因为

疾病，她没有去上学。

6. organize v. 组织

In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。

同根词：organization n. 组织；机构 organizer n. 组织者organized adj. 有组织的 What do you know about our organization? 关于我们的组织你知道些什么？ Students need organized activities. 学生们需要有组织的活动。 Who is the organizer of the exhibition? 谁是这次展览会的组织者？

7. express v. 表达；表露

This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。 同根词：expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情 She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。

8. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的 （比较级：lonelier最高级：loneliest） It felt like the loneliest place in the world. 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。 辨析：lonely, alone的区别：

alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。

lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。 alone还可以作副词。 alone adv. 单独；独自

She went home alone.= She went home by herself. 她独自回家去了。 The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he does’t feel lonely.

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这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。

一言辩异: I didn’t feel lonely though I was alone. 我虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞。

9. friendship n. 友情；友谊

同根词：friend n. 朋友 复数：friends.

True friendship is worth more than money. 真正的友谊比金钱更有价值。 friendly adj. 友好的

Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers. 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。

friendliness n. 友善

She also loves the friendliness of the people. 她也喜欢人们的友善。

10. difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难；费劲

The country is facing great economic difficulties. 该国正面临巨大的经济困难。 同根词：difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的

The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。 It’s difficult for me. 对我来说这很难。

搭配：have difficulty (in) doing something 做……有困难 I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood. 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。 in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难

The bank is in difficulty/difficulties. 这家银行处境困难。

11. joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快；喜悦

I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。

同根词：joyful n. 快乐的，高兴的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的 He was excited and joyful at the success. 他因成功而激动欣喜。 搭配：to one’s joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是 To her joy her son was permitted to a key university.

12. peace n. 平静；宁静

the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖

One more question and I’ll leave you in peace. 再问一个问题，我就不打扰你了。 同根词：peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的

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Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。

13. hurt v. = injure ['?nd??] 使疼痛；受伤

Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。

同根词：hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的 They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。 搭配：hurt oneself 自己受伤

Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？

注意：身体伤害重用badly修饰。精神、感情受到创伤用 very much/ rather/ deeply修饰 The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在事故中伤得很重。 Your words deeply hurt her. 你的话深深地伤害了她。

14. courage n. 勇气；勇敢

同根词：encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动 My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。

搭配：take one’s courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为 gather courage鼓足勇气 lose courage 失去勇气 gather ['g?e?] vt. 收集；收割 Taking her courage in both hands, she opened the door and walked in. 她壮着胆打开门，走了进去。

Failure is the mother of success. Keep up your courage.失败是成功之母。鼓起你的勇气来。

15. Spirits n. 情绪，心境

他回到家里是情绪非常好。He felt in excellent spirits when he arrived home. Spirit n. 精神，勇气，意志。

尽管他已经不再人世，但他的精神却至今还在。Even though he is no longer living, his spirit lives on today.

固定搭配：in spirit 在心里， 在精神上

16. pay v. 付款；偿还

We paid 35 pounds for each ticket. 我们每张票付了35英镑。

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