高中牛津英语语法复习--倒装句

倒装句

1、知识详解2、跟踪练习3、高考真题

1、知识详解

一、概述

一般情况下，英语句子语序是―主语 + V. +其他 …‖。这是自然语序。如：

1. This is my book. (主语 + V. +表语） 2. I like English. (主语 + V. +宾语） 3. I like living in this city. (主语 + V. +状语）

但有时基于各种需要，而将谓语全部或部分放在主语的前面，而形成倒装。这种语序叫倒装序，含有此种语序的句子，叫倒装句。如： 4. Out went the children. (状语+ V. +主语）

5. Only this afternoon did I finish the novel. (状语+ V. +主语） 6. May you succeed. (情态动词 +主语 + V. ）

7. Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. (表语 + V. +主语 ） 二、倒装的分类

A. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 三、分类详解 （一）完全倒装

完全倒装 谓语的全部放在主语之倒装 前。

部分倒装 只把情态动词或助动词（表语置于连接词之前）放在主语之前。

1、用在there be结构中。如：

There is a rumour that a large company wants to build a factory in your town.

There are many students in the classroom.

2、用于―here (there, now, then) + 不及物动词 +主语（名词）‖的句型中，或以out, in up down, away 等副词开头的句子，以表示强调。如：

Now comes your turn. Here comes the bus.

注意：代词作主语时，主谓序不变。如： In he comes. Here it is.

3、当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常引起全部倒装，如： From the valley came a frightening sound. South of the city lies a big steel factory.

4、用于so, nor, neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容，意为―…也如此‖；―…也不是这样‖。如： Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I. He has been to Beijing. So have I. 5、表语置于句首时，倒装结为：

―表语 +连系动词 +主语‖ （1）―形容词 +连系动词 +主语‖

Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.

Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the meeting.

（2）―过去分词 +连系动词 +主语‖

Gone are the days when they could do what they like to the Chinese. The days when they could do what they like to the Chinese people are gone.

（3）―介词短语 + be +主语‖

Among the speakers was china’s then premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.

China’s then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world was among the speakers.

6、为了保持句子平应衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，使用倒装。

Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.

They arrived at a farmhouse, in front which sat a small boy. （二）部分倒装

1、用在疑问句中。如： Do you speak English?

2、用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如：

Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the exam. 3、用于―形容词（或名词、动词）+ as ( though) ‖引导的让状语从句中。如：

Try as he would, he might fail again. Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 注意：

（1）若从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。 Child as she is, she knows a lot.

（2）在用as (though)引导的让步状语从句中，如果主语较长，也可用全部倒装。

Difficult as was the chemistry homework it was finished in time. 4、用于―no sooner ··· than···， hardly ··· when ··· 和 not until ‖的句型中(主句部分用部分倒装）。如：

No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.

5、用于―never, hardly, seldom, scarely, barely, little, often, at no time (决不), not only, not once ‖的等含有否定意义的副词或连词在句首的句型中。如：

Little did he know who the woman was.

6、用于―only 开头‖的句型中(only 放在句首修饰副词、介词短语等作状语或状语从句）。如：

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. 注意：

如果 only 后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装。如： Only his secretary knows where he has gone.

7、如果直接后注明引语是什么人说的，且主语是名词时，用倒装语序。否则用自然语序。如：

―Let’s go.‖ said the man.

8、用于―so/such…that‖句型, so/such置于句首时,要部分倒装： So loudly do the students read their lessons that people can hear them out in the street.

9、用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。如： Long live the Chinese Communist Party.

10、用于―No matter how/However + adj./adv.+主语+ 谓语，+ 主句‖结构中。如：

However/No matter how late it is, she often waits for him.

2、跟踪练习

1.Scarcely _______ asleep _______ a knock at the door awakened him.

A. she had fallen; when

B. she had fallen; than C. had she fallen; than

D. had she fallen; when

finish the task better than the others, I think. A. Only you can B. Only can you C. Only do you D. Only you do yesterday, you would have met him . A. Did you come B. You came C. If had you come D. Had you come

4. Only when the war was over ________ to his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return

5. Only in this way ____to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope 6. Only one of these books _________.

A.worth is to read B. is worth being read C. worth is of reading D. is worth reading

7. Not until all the fish died in the river___ how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize B. the village realize

Ｃ.the villagers did realize

D. didn’t the villagers realize

8. Only then _______ what he really meant when he said ― You left something here.‖

A. did I understand B. I understood C. understood I D. did understand I 9. ______ can you expect to get a rise.

A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard 10. _____ she wondered if she had made a mistake. A. Not until long afterwards that B. It was not until long afterwards that C. Not long until afterwards D. It was long afterwards until

11. The naughty boy has cried wolf many times. Scarcely ____ him before he says that he is in trouble.

A. anybody believes B.had anybody believes C. does anybody believe D.will anybody believe 12. ________ sat down for a rest______ the door bell rang. A. Hardly I had; when B. Hardly I had; than C. Hardly had I; than D. Hardly had I; when 13. — Were you worried about him last night? — Yes. It was ________. A. until he returned that I went to bed B. until be returned that l slept well C. not until he returned that I went to bed D. not until did he return that I went to sleep

3、高考真题

1. They have a good knowledge of English but little ______ they know about German.（NMET2005，天津 4） A. have B. did

C. had

D. do

2. Never before ______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (NMET2005，上海 39) A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city

D. this city was

3. – Well, I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can

run very fast.

-- _______.(NMET2005，辽宁 32) A. So it is B. So is it

C. So does it

D. So it does

4. – Father, you promised!

-- Well, _____. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.（NMET2005，湖北 34） A. so was I B. so did I

C. so I was D. so I did

5. – Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.

-- _______, and so did I.（NMWT2005，安徽，35） A. So she had B. So had she

C. So she did

D. So did she

6. _______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. (NMET2005, 江苏，35) A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were

D. The couple was such curious

7. On top of the books _____ the photo album you’re looking for. （NMET2005春，上海，30）

A. is B. are C. has D. have

8. So little _____ with each other that the neighbouring countries could not settle their difference. （NMET2005春，上海，35） A. the agreed

B. agreed they

C. did they agree D. they did agree

9. – I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

-- __________. （NMET2004，全国卷I，32） A. Nor am I

B. Neither would I

C. Same with me D. So do I.

10. _____snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. （2004上海，41）

A. Not only they brought B. No only did they bring C. Not only brought they

D. Not only they did bring

11. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ______ such a beautiful place. （NMET2004，辽宁，26） A. can you find B. you could find

C. you can find D. could you find

12. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ____ any end to their influence on man’s lives. （NMET2004，广东，30） A. there is B. there are

C. is there D. are there

13. I failed in the final examination last term and only then ____ the importance of studies. （NMET2004，重庆，34） A. I realized

B. I had realized

C. had I realized D. did I realize

14. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _____ with each other.（NMET2003，34） A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C, have they quarreled

D. had they quarreled

15. Only when your identity has been checked _____. （NMET2003上海，38） A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in

D. will you be allowed in

16. Only in this way _____ to make improvements in the operating system. （NMET2003春，上海，39） A. you can hope B. you did hope

C. can you hope

D. did you hope 17. – You forgot your purse when you went out. -- Good heavens, _______.（2002上海，32） A. so did I B. so I did

C. I did so D. I did so

18. Not only _____ interested in football but _____ beginning to show an interest in it. （2002春上海，32） A. the teacher himself is; all his students are B. the teacher himself is; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are all his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are

19. So difficult ______it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.（2001上海, 27） A. I have felt B. have I felt

C. I did feel

D. did I feel

20. Not a single song _____ at yesterday’s party. （2000上海，25） A. she sang

B. sang she

C. did she sing

D. she did sing

21. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ______ so happy!（NMWT2000春北京，22） A. did I feel B. I felt

C. I had felt

D. had I felt

22. _____ can you expect to get a pay rise. (2001)

A. With had work

B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard

23. Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was. (1995) A. did the villagers realize B. the villager realize C. the villagers did realize

D. didn’t the villagers realize

24. Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted. (1990) A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D. I realize

25. – It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. -- My God! _______. (1999上海) A. So did I

B. So I did

C. So were you D. So did you

26. – David has made great progress recently. -- ____________, and ______. (1997上海) A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so you have D. So has he; so have you

27. ______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (1995上海) A. If it is not

B. Were in not

C. Had it not been

D. If they were not

28. Little ____ about this own safety, though he was in great danger himself.（1993上海） A. does he care B. did he care

C. he cares

D. he cared

29. So ____ that no fish can live in it. (1992上海) A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is

C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow

20. So absorbed ____ the work that she often forgot to ____ her meals. A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make C. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have 21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him. A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke 30. __________ his appearance that no one could recognize him. A. Strange so was B. So strange was C. Was so strange

D. So was strange

23. Not once ______ their plan. A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change

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