扬子江GRE填空讲义(部分)

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新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

2009年GRE填空讲义

主讲：杨子江

欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材

一、GRE填空简介

GRE不是语言考试，所以GRE不考语法；GRE不是专业化考试，所以GRE不考专业知识

1、ETS的GRE句子填空出题原则

（1）公平：不涉及专业知识背景

（2）重复：重复是信息逻辑的再现

2、GRE 句子填空的突破点

解题的线索来自于句子本身，句子只能是现象态度观点的表述

3、GRE句子填空简介

因为句子只能是现象态度观点的表述，所以句子中容易形成AB比较，容易出现明显的事件人物的特征，句子的主干容易表明主体的评价

4、GRE句子填空的事件人物特征明显性，是有限条件的逻辑推理

评论家特征，音乐家特征，科学家特征，法律特征，个人特征

5、GRE句子填空题目分类：

反义重复: 对立(时间), 转折

同义重复: 同义解释, 并列递进, 目的手段因果

重复的表现方式：词对词（上下义词）；词对句（广义概念）

6、破解方法—复杂问题简单化

简化单词记忆— 词根词缀；简化句子— 主谓宾结构

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

7、填空课程的目的

（1）英文能力的提高

（2）逻辑性思维的提高

（3）批判性思维的提高

8、举例

同义重复中文举例：

（1）白大夫，白白白，就是让你__ 。

A 姹紫嫣红 B 暗送秋波

C 黑白无常 D 碧波荡漾

E 白

（2）聪明的一休是一个______ 小和尚，他在____ 时候就表现出比他大很多的成年人都不能企及的智慧状态。

A 愚蠢的… 老眼昏花的 B 弱智的… 幼儿的

C 机灵的… 老年的 D 有智慧的… 童年的

E 可爱的… 小的

反义重复中文举例：

（1）虽然黑夜缩小了他们的活动范围，但却使悲戚伤怀成倍的得到了____ 。

A 变化 B 忧郁 C 消失 D 扩大 E 均等

（2）他好出风头，恨不得自己成为每一场婚礼的新郎和_______________。

GRE填空考察考生的快速逻辑能力，GRE填空的重点在于多种解题思路下，快速的判断出正确的答案，因为社会需要效率型人才和稳定型人才

9、如何同时提高效率和正确率

填空部分学习前的水平：四级水平7对2-3，六级水平7对3-4

考前一个月的水平：7对5-6

二、填空题解题方法

反义对立特征词

far from, rather …than；not …but, more … than；seemingly, on the other hand ；in fact, actually, in reality

paradoxically, ironically；surprisingly, comparatively；unexpectedly, curiously；in contrast to, on

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

the contrary ；so much…as, decay from A to B；shift from…to, replace…with；distingish…from,reconcile…with；preferable…to, endorse A over B

far from A, B: 远非A, 而是B，对立两方面中选择其一

1. Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of ______, is the first step in learning to be creative.

(A) elegance

(B) evil

(D) originality

(E) sympathy

2. Far from being ______, Susan was always ______ to appear acquiescent.

(A) unctuous...loath

(B) brazen...reluctant

(D) obsequious...eager

(E) gregarious...willing

3. Ultimately, the issue's credibility is strained; the slender, though far from _______, web of evidence presented on one salient point is expected to support a vast ______ of implications.

(A) unconvincing...cacophony

(B) nonexistent...superstructure

(D) work

(E) pendium

B, far from A；A rather than B : 而非:是A而不是B (肯定A)，对立两方面中选择其一

4. As late as nineteen century a speaker assured his audience that since profitable farming was the result of natural ability rather than ______, an education in agriculture was ______.

(A) luck...senseless

(B) effort...difficult

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(D) instruction...intellectual

(E) science...vital

5. Although the young trumpeter s _________ performance with the orchestra demonstrated his technical competence, his uninspired style and lack of interpretive maturity labeled him as a novice musician rather than as a truly _________ performer.

(A) spectacular...conventional

(B) blundering...artistic

(D) steady....accomplished

(E) dazzling...unskilled

音乐家特征: 优秀对平庸

表优秀的特征词汇: talent ； inspire；brilliant；maturity；accomplish

表平庸的特征词汇: Mediocrity；derivative；perfunctory ；uninspire；novice；unskill

6．In retrospect, Peterson's students appreciated his_______ assignments, realizing that such assignments were specifically designed to _______ original thought rather than to review the content of his course.

(A) conventional...explain

(B) didactic...ingrain

(D) enigmatic...stimulate

(E) difficult...discourage

7. Because time in India is conceived statically rather than dynamically, Indian languages emphasize nouns rather than verbs, since nouns express the more ______ aspects of a thing.

(A) paradoxical

(B) stable

(D) temporal

(E) irionic

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

8. As the creation of new knowledge through chemistry has become ______ resistance to innovation has become less ______, taking the form of inertia rather than direct attack.

(A) controversial ...sporadic

(B) suspect ...onset

(D) public ...circumspect

(E) institutionalized ...aggressive

paradoxical :矛盾的, 似非而是的，对立两面选择其一

9. Paradoxically, England s colonization of North America was _______ by its success: the increasing prosperity of the colonies diminished their dependence upon, and hence their loyalty to, their home country.

(A) explicate

(B) undermined

(D) altered

(E) distinguished

10. According to Lionel Trilling, the paradox of liberalism was that in its quest for freedom it must move toward greater organization, stricter legislation, and increasing .

(A) anarchy

(B) self-realization

(D) control

(E) levity

11. Unlike many recent interpretations of Liszt's piano sonatas, the recitalist s performance was a delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless, it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite ______.

(A) exuberant

(B) appealing

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(D) idiosyncratic

(E) uninspired

12. Although ______ in her own responses to the novels she reviewed, the fiction critic was, paradoxically, ______ those who would deny that a reviewer must have a single method of interpretation.

(A) dogmatic...impatient with

(B) indulgent...indebted by

(D) capricious...intrigued by

(E) eclectic...suspicious of

13. The concept of timelessness is paradoxical from the start ,for adult consciousness is ______ by the awareness of duration.

(A) permeated

(B) intrigued

(D) measured

(E) accelerated

seemingly : 表面上的, 貌似，对应于实际上的，对立两面选择其一

14. The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly ______ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.

(A) exploited

(B) remarkable

(D) inexhaustible

(E) quantifiable

15. Physical scientists who are on the cutting edge of research must often violate common sense and make seemingly_________assumptions because existing theories simply do not _________newly observed phenomena.

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(A) inexact...corroborate

(B) vague...incorporate

(D) mistaken...reveal

(E) radical...confirm

in fact : 事实上,实际上，与表面上的事实相反，表对立情况

16. In scientific studies, supporting evidence is much more satisfying to report than are discredited hypotheses, but, in fact, the _______ of errors is more likely to be ________ than is the establishment of probable truth.

(A) refinement...conditional

(B) correction...ignored

(D) accumulation...agreeable

(E) formulation...permitted

actually : 事实上, 实际上*

17. Human reaction to the realm of thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life is based on the fact that ______ sensations actually present may have a weaker influence on our action than do ideas of ______facts.

(A) familiar...symbolic

(B) material...remote

(D) definitive...controversial

(E) disturbing...ordinary

A more ... than B； more A … than B；A more副词/形容词than B : 对A的修饰 A > B

18. Our young people, whose ______ sensitivities have not yet become ______, have a purer and more immediate response than we do to our environment.

(A) sophisticated...perceptive

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(B) keen...calloused

(D) impartial...disinterested

(E) native...excited

19. Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen s novels has oscillated between _________ and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary _________.

(A) approbation...precursors

(B) disapproval...readers

(D) indifference...followers

(E) dismissal...admirers

20. Because the report contained much more information than the reviewwes needs to see, the author was asked to submit a ______ instead

(A) critique

(B) soliloquy

(D) prerequisite

(E) compendium

not A, but B: 不是A, 而是B. 引导对立比较

21. Artificial light________ the respiratory activity of some microorganisms in the winter but not in the summer, in part because in the summer their respiration is already at its peak and thus cannot be ________

(A) enhances...increased

(B) inhibits...quickened

(D) elevates...measured

(E) stimulates...lessened

22. In response to the follies of today s parliaments, the councillor does not _________ inflamed indignation, but rather _________ the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.

(A) resort to...spurns

(B) rely on...avoids

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(D) express...affects

(E) display...rails at

23. Personnel experts say that attractive benefits alone will not always keep ______ executives from changing jobs for better long-range opportunities, but they think the enticements may deter many executives from accepting ______ offers from other companies.

(A) dedicated...advantageous

(B) ambitious...routine

(D) experienced...superior

(E) discontented...preferable

contrary : 相反的

24. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, ______ and persistence in spite of mistakes.

(A) calculations

(B) controls

(D) deductions

(E) facts

科学类题目的考点特征: 公正对偏见；独立对依靠；定对变化；杂对简单；同对差异科技类题目的考点特征: 增加对减少

25. Contrary to the antiquated idea that the eighteenth century was a _________ island of elegant assurance, evidence reveals that life for most people was filled with uncertainty and insecurity.

(A) sprawling

(B) declining

(D) recognized

(E) clannish

in contrast to : 相比较

26. In contrast to the substantial muscular activity required for inhalation, exhalation is usually a ______ process.

(A) conscious

(B) passive

(D) complex

(E) slow

27. The boy s ______ natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.

(A) artless

(B) blithe

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(D) introverted

(E) mercurial

反义转折之时间对比

时间对比是反义对立的子集；间相反, 产生对立，即否定过去，来否定现在

时间对比特征词:

before, once, previous，urrent, now, until ，nitially, recently, early，ormerly, pristine, first

after, yesterday, begin，tart, origin, often，sually, heretofore, hitherto，o longer, as long as

before : 之前，与recent，later对立

28. Often the difficulties of growing up in the public eye cause child prodigies to ________ the world of achievement before reaching adulthood: happily, they sometimes later return to competition and succeed brilliantly.

(A) demur

(B) conquer

(D) antagonize

(E) ridicule

29. Before adapting to changes in new concept, many prefer to ______, to ______ the universally agreed-on principles that have been upheld for centuries.

(A) revert ...ignore

(B) resist ...defend

(D) vacillate ...publicize

(E) invert ...protect

Revert、invert

例：1011 0110

0110 1101 revert

0100 1001 invert

recent : 现在，与before, often, early, previous, pristine对立

30. A number of critics who once greatly _________ the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting _________ for their former criticism.

(A) honored...adulation

(B) influenced...analysis

(D) disparaged...approbation

(E) lauded...censure

批评家类题目的特征：1、表扬对批评；2、支持对反

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

31. Belying his earlier reputation for ______ as a negotiator, Charles had recently assumed a more ______ stance for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him.

(A) bative

(B) impropriety...intolerant

(D) success...authoritative

(E) intransigence...conciliatory

early : 早期的，与recent对立

32. My brothers often found others laughable, but I learned quite early to be ____________ while people were present, laughing only later at what was funny and mocking what to us seemed______.

(A) superficial...deplorable

(B) impatient...unfortunate

(D) wistful...extraordinary

(E) arre

previous : 早先的，与recent对立

33. The harmonious accommodation reached by the warring factions exemplifies the axiom that ______ is possible among people of goodwill, even when they have previously held quite ______ perspectives.

(A) coexistence...fixed

(B) tension...congenial

(D) compromise...antagonistic

(E) candor...indistinguishable

initially : 起初，与once同义, 与after对立

34. Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry, even now only a few independent observers _________ his works.

(A) neglect

(B) revile

(D) criticize

(E) praise

until : 直到才, 除非，与 “过去” 对立

35. A code of ethics governing the behavior of physicians during epidemics did not exist until 1846 when it was _________ by the American Medical Association.

(A) rescinded

(B) promulgated

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(D) depreciated

(E) implied

36. Wearing the latest fashions was exclusively the _________ of the wealthy until the 1850's, when mass production, aggressive entrepreneurs, and the availability of the sewing machine made them _________ the middle class.

(A) aspiration...disagreeable to

(B) vexation...superfluous for

(D) prerogative...accessible to

(E) obligation...popular with

no longer : 不再，与 “过去” 对立

37. Calculus, though still indispensable to science and technology, is no longer _______ ; it has an equal partner called discrete mathematics.

(A) pragmatic

(B) pertinent

(D) essential

(E) preeminent

now : 现在，与 “过去” 对立

38. Within the next decade, sophisticated telescopes now orbiting the Earth will determine whether the continents really are moving, ______ the incipient ______ among geologists about the validity of the theory of continental drift.

(A) resolving...rumors

(B) forestalling...rift

(D) engendering...speculation

(E) obviating...consensus

弗洛伊德心理学、马克思经济学、达尔文进化论、魏格纳大陆板块漂移学说、二氧化碳与温室效应

39. The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval _________ natural settings had been _______ and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without trepidation.

(A) enthusiasm for...confronted

(B) concerns about...regained

(D) disinterest in...alleviated

(E) fear of...exorcised

反义转折特征词:

although, though, even though，but, despite, however, unlike， in spite of, nevertheless

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

while, whatever, nonetheless，regardless, without, none，as…as, even if, yet…

although : 虽然, 尽管，表转折关系

(A)(B)(C)(D)(H)

155.1 “The show must go on” is the oldest___of show business; every true performer live by that creed.

(A)euphemism (B)allegory (C)precusor (D)tenet (E)corroboration

155.3 ___by life s ___, the last emperor of China worked as a lowly gardener in the palace over which he had once ruled.

(A)Forthfied….generosity (B)Deluded…coincidences

(C)Humbled…vicissitudes (D)Venerated…survivors

(H)Recognized…impostors

155.5 A___glance pays___attention to details.

(A)furtive…meticulous (B)cursory…little (C)cryptic…close (D)keen…scanty (H)fleeting…vigilant

156.6 A___person is one who will___something on the slinghtest of evidence.

(A)restive…forget (B)garrulous…criticize (C)maudlin…censure

(D)phlegmatic…condemn (H)credulous…believe

156.7 A New World lizard, the basilisk, occasionally does something that seem to ___

physics: it tuns across the surface of water for distances of up to thirty feet.

(A)defy (B)quantify (C)assess (D)exemplify (H)corroborate

156.8 A born tleeer of tales, Olsen used her imoressive___skills to advantage in her story “I

Stand Here Ironing.”

(A)domestic (B)metaphysical (C)narrative (D)diagnostic (H)argumentative

156.10 A diligent scholar, she devoted herself __to the completion of the book.

(A)assiduously (B)ingenuously (C)theoretically (D)voluminously (H)sporadically

157.13 A leading philosopher of our time, Ludwig Wittgenstein, laid down a __to which good historians __: “Of that of which nothing is known nothing can be said.”

(A)burden…protest (B)law…amend (C)rule…adhere (D)maxim…succumb (H)weapon…surrender

158.22 According to the Senator , it was not __for a plitician in search of votes to ___a mother on the beauty of her plain child; it was merely sound political common sense.

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(A)kindness…ridicule (B)folly…intimidate (C)hypocrisy…compliment

(D)sensitivity…evaluate (H)wisdom…reprimand

158.23 Achaeologists are involved in __ Mayan temples in Central America, uncovering the ols ruins in order to learn more about the civilization they represent.

(A)demolishing (B)incapacitating (C)excavating (D)woeshiping (H)asapting

29.5. Although ______, almost self-effacing in his private life, he displays in his novels and essays a strong ______ publicity and controversy.

(A) monotonous...reliance on

(B) conventional...interest in

(D) retiring...penchant for

(E) evasive...impatience with

re+ tire

[唯物] 引退, 退休

[唯心] 内向, 沉默寡言

WB* 2 : to withdraw especially for privacy *retired to her room*

个人性格的特征：

积极对消极（外向对内向）

严肃对幽默

肯定对否定：

表积极的特征词汇：

表消极的特征词汇：

表严肃的特征词汇：

表幽默的特征词汇：

表肯定的特征词汇：

表否定的特征词汇：

36.5. Jackson had idolized the professor so much for so long that even after lunching with her several times he remained quite ________ in her presence and as a result, he could not really be himself.

(A) pleased

(B) disregarded

(D) laxness

(E) inhibited

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

34.4 As is often the case with collections of lectures by ________ authors, the book as a whole is ________, although the individual contributions are outstanding in themselves.

(A) different...disconnected

(B) incompetent...abysmal

(D) mediocre...unexciting

(E) various...coherent

40.3 Although strong legal remedies for nonpayment of kids support are ________, the delay and expense associated with these remedies make it _________ to develop other options.

(A) nonexistent...ridiculous

(B) required...impossible

(D) unavailing...impractical

(E) eful

43.7

Although a few critics gave the opposition's suggestions a ______ response, most greeted the statement of a counterposition with ______.

(A) posure

(B) dispirited...reluctance

(D) favorable...approval

(E) vitriolic...civility

though: 虽然,尽管,可是

: 表转折关系

During the widespread fuel shortage, the price of kerosene was so ______ that suppiers were genweally thought to be ______ the consumer.

(A) prohibitive ... placatingr

(B) stable ... blackmailing

(D) reactive ... shielding

(E) excessive ... gouging

E35.6

Though feminist in its implications, Leo's 1971 novel _________ the fictionist s active involvement in feminist politics.

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(A) renewed

(B) portrayed

(D) preserved

(E) antedated

E33.2,

Adela's rejection of the concept of continuity in Western thought, though radical, was not unique; she had _________ in the United States who, without knowledge of her work, developed parallel ideas.

(A) critics

(B) counterparts

(D) admires

(E) publishers

even though : 即使

: 表转折关系

11.3. Even though in today s Ukraine the ______ the Muslim clergy have been accorded power and privileges, the Muslim laity and the rank-and-file clergy still have little ______ to practice their religion.

(A) traditionalists among...incentive

(B) dissidents within...obligation

(D) leaders titude

(E) practitioners among...opportunity

clerk

clergy

英文换字法

元音字母的替换规律

辅音字母的替换规律

元音字母的替换规律

a,e,i,o,u,y

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

inquire

enquire

inquiry

enquity

辅音字母的替换规律 :发音相近

b,p,f,v,ph

c,g,k,qu

s,t,d

tibet

wolf

wolves

photo foto

optic optik

kit

kitten

kitty

cat

辅音字母的替换规律:拼写混淆

m,n,u,v,y,j,g

f,t

ann

enn

fin

tin

despite : 尽管

: 表转折关系

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

E33.5

Despite an agreement between directorate and management to keep the print and electronic media ______ developments, the details of the negotiations were ______ all but a few journalists from the major metropolitan newspapers.

(A) ignorant of ...suppressed by

(B) involved in...leaded to

(D) speculating about...denied to

(E) abreast of...disclosed to

E51.6

The labor union and the company's management, despite their long history of unfailingly acerbic disagreement on nearly every issue, have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly _________, albeit still tentative, agreement on next year's contract.

(A) conclusive

(B) onerous

(D) reluctant

(E) swift

however : 然而

: 表转折关系

E32.6

However ________ they might be, Roman arts were bound to have some favorite earlier arts whom they would ________.

(A) subservient...imitate

(B) independent ...inspire

(D) creative...admire

(E) talented...neglect

40.6

Manipulating laboratory tissue cultures with hormones is one thing; using hormones to treat human beings, however, is contingent on whether hormones that _______ in the laboratory can affect _________ organisms, and in predictable ways.

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(A) reproduce...unknown

(B) succeed...simple

(D) work...whole

(E) develop...similar

whereas : 尽管, 然而

: 表转折关系

38.5.

An obvious style, easily identified by some superficial quirk, is properly _____ as a mere mannerism, whereas a complex and subtle style _____ reduction to a formula.

(A) cultivated...demands

(B) decried...resists

(D) identified ...consists of

(E) avoided...risks

58.1

In the eighteenth century, novelists and unsympathetic travelers portrayed the American West as a land of______ adversity, whereas promoters and idealists created ______ image of a land of infinite promise.

(A) unremitting...a compelling

(B) incredible...an underplayed

(D) intriguing...a luxuriant

(E) lurid...a mundane

unlike : 和不同

: 表转折关系

Unlike a judge, who must act alone, a jury discusses a case and then reaches its decision as a group, thus minimizing the effect of ______ bias.

(A) unarticulated

(B) professional

(D) unexpected

(E) legal

E44.3

Unlike other creatures, who are shaped largely by their _________ environment, human beings are products of a culture accumulated over centuries, yet one that is constantly being _______ by massive infusions of new information from everywhere.

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

(A) limited...superseded

(B) surrounding...upheld

(D) natural...mechanized

(E) harsh...unconfirmed

while : 虽然

: 在句首表转折关系

在句中表递进关系

8.5.

While not completely nonplussed by the unusually caustic responses from members of the audience, the speaker was nonetheless visibly ______ by their lively criticism.

(A) humiliated

(B) discomfited

(D) disgraced

(E) deluded

同一主体同一状态，所有转折都表示程度转折

disgreace :To bring shame or dishonor on

humiliate : to reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes or others' eyes : MORTIFY

discomfit: To make uneasy or perplexed; disconcert.See Synonyms at embarrass

nonplus : : a state of bafflement or perplexity : QUANDARY To put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder.

字典的使用

印刷版

软件版

Merriam-Webster s Collegiate Dictionary and Thesaurus Version 2.5/3.0 1CD

Merriam-Webster s unabridged Dictionar

在线版

英汉版

WORD的翻译

韦氏的英汉版 — Office Word 翻译工具

Iphone版

新东方扬子江老师的GRE填空听课笔记,要录音的联系我

韦氏的便携版电子词典

Merriam-Webster s For iPhone &Touch

不推荐使用金山词霸的简明英汉

fabulous

可以参考里面的美国传统双

39.7

The sea was not an ________the ________of the windmill; on the contrary, while the concept of the new invention passed quickly from seaport to seaport, it made little headway inland.

(A) impediment to...creation

(B) issue in ...acceptance

(D) obstacle to...diffusion

(E) element in...evolution

51.3

While not _________ with the colorfully obvious forms of life that are found in a tropical rain forest, the desert is _________ to a surprisingly large number of species.

(A) confronted...home

(B) endowed...detrimental

(D) teeming...host

(E) brimming...foreign

without : 没有

: 表转折关系

It is to the novelist s credit that all of the episodes in her novel are presented realistically, without any ______ or playful supernatural tricks.

(A) elucidation

(B) discrimination

(D) authenticity

(E) artlessnes

to sb. s credit