外语平台阅读

Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public expenditure on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise has brought in the past and will bring in the future. Politicians remind their voters of the splendid machines \new drugs to relieve old ailments (病痛), and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previously intractable (难治疗的) conditions may now be treated and lives saved. At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to \the market\time. Dependent, as they are, on politicians for much of their funding, scientists have little choice but to comply. Like the rest of us, they are members of a society that rates the creation of wealth as the greatest possible good. Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they perceive as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit.

In such circumstances no one should be too hard on people who are suspicious of conflicts of interest. When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might conceivably cloud his professional judgment. Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people may still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some his research funding.

This attitude can have damaging effects. It questions the integrity of individuals working in a profession that prizes intellectual honesty as the supreme virtue, and plays into the hands of those who would like to discredit scientists by representing them as venal (可以收买的). This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific pronouncements, but especially those made by the scientists who present themselves as %understand the safety of a nuclear reactor, for example, is a nuclear engineer, and a nuclear engineer is most likely to be employed by the nuclear industry. If a nuclear engineer declares that a reactor is unsafe, we believe him, because clearly it is not to his advantage to lie about it. If he tells us it is safe, on the other hand, we distrust him, because he may well be protecting the employer who pays his salary.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. What is the chief concern of most governments when it comes to scientific research? A . The reduction of public expenditure. B . Quick economics returns.

C . The budget for a research project. D . Support from the voters.

正确答案:Quick economics returns.

题目详解:由文章第一段第四句话“At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists

that they tailor their research to 'economics needs', that they award a higher priority to research proposals that are 'near the market' and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time. ”可知，政府要求科学家的研究工作必须适应经济的需求，对于与市场接轨，投资回报快的项目给予优先考虑，因此Quick economics returns.项的内容符合题意。其余选项与原文不符。

2. Scientists have to adapt their research to \A . translate knowledge into wealth B . obtain funding from the government C . pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake D . impress the public with their achievements

正确答案:obtain funding from the government

题目详解:文章首段第五句话“Dependent , as they are , on politicians for much of their funding , scientists have little choice but to comply . ”指出，由于科学家的经费依靠政客的资助，那么科学家们只能满足政治家们的需求，也就是说，为了获得经费他们的研究必须满足“经济的需求”，故obtain funding from the government项的说法符合文义。

3. Why won't scientists complain about the government's policy concerning scientific research?

A . They know it takes patience to win support from the public.

B . They think they work in an environment hostile to the free pursuit of knowledge. C . They think compliance with government policy is in the interests of the public. D . They are accustomed to keeping their opinions to themselves.

正确答案:They think they work in an environment hostile to the free pursuit of knowledge. 题目详解:由首段末句话“Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they perceive as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring , creative spirit .”可知科学家们不抱怨的原因能是他们处于一种追求理解，追求创新充满敌意的氛围中，因此，他们只能保持沉默，故选项[They think they work in an environment hostile to the free pursuit of knowledge.]的内容符合文义。

4. According to the author, people are suspicious of the professional judgment of scientists because ______.

A . some of them do not give priority to intellectual honesty B . sometimes they hide the source of their research funding

C . they could be influenced by their association with the project concerned D . their pronouncements often turn out to be wrong

正确答案:they could be influenced by their association with the project concerned

题目详解:由第二段的内容可以推知科学家会受到科研资金来源的影响，故 they could be

influenced by their association with the project concerned项正确。干扰项some of them do not give priority to intellectual honesty项之所以不正确是因为原文提到的原因是科学家会受到资金来源的影响，而不是说科学家不诚实。他们也为生活所迫，也是生活的一分子，因此，他们势必会受到项目组织机构的左右，但不能说他们不诚实，故some of them do not give priority to intellectual honesty项不正确。

5. Why does the author say that public distrust of scientists can have damaging effects? A . Scientists themselves may doubt the value of their research findings. B . People would not believe scientists even when they tell the truth. C . It makes things difficult for scientists seeking research funds.

D . It may dampen the enthusiasm of scientists for independent research.

正确答案:People would not believe scientists even when they tell the truth.

题目详解:第三段内容以核技术人员的工作举例说明，即使科学家有时说实话，我们也不会信。故选项People would not believe scientists even when they tell the truth.概括了此段内容。因此People would not believe scientists even when they tell the truth.项正确。

Science writer Tom Standage draws apt parallels between the telegraph and the gem of late 20th century technology, the Internet. Both systems grew out of the cutting edge science of their time. The telegraph's land lines, underwater cables, and clicking gadgets reflected the 19th century's research in electromagnetism. The Internet's computers and high-speed connections reflect 20th century computer science, information theory, and materials technology. But, while inventions make a global network possible, it takes human cooperation to make it happen. Standage's insight in this regard adds depth to his technological history. It underscores the relevance to our own time of the struggles of Samuel Morse in America. William Cooke in England, and other telegraph pioneers. They made the technology work efficiently, sold it to a skeptical public, and overcame national and international bureaucratic obstacles. The solutions they found smooth the Internet's way today. Consider a couple of technical parallels. Telegrams were sent from one station to the next, where they were received and retransmitted until they reached their destination. Stations along the way were owned by different entities, including national governments. Internet data is sent from one server computer to another that receives and retransmits it until it reaches its destination. Again the computers have a variety of owners. Then there is the social impact. The Internet is changing the way we do business and communicate. It makes possible virtual communities for individuals scattered around the planet who share mutual interests. Yet important as this may turn out to be, it is affecting a world that was already well connected by radio, television, and other telecommunications. The Associated Press, Reuters, and other news services would have spread the Star report quickly without the Internet. In this respect, the global telegraph network was truly revolutionary. The unprecedented availability of global news in real time gave birth to the Associated Press and Reuters news services. It gave a global perspective to newspapers

that had focused on local affairs. A provincialism that geographical isolation had forced on people for millennia was gone forever. Some seers naively hailed this as a force for world peace. They predicted that tensions over cultural and ethnic differences would relax as people interacted in real time. Visionaries say the same about the Internet. While communications can smooth this process, they do not automatically make it happen. As the experience of the past century and a half has shown, peace takes the will to make it work and sustained effort by all parties.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What does \A . The Internet. B . The telegraph.

C . Materials technology. D . Information theory.

正确答案:The Internet.

题目详解:题干引号里的短语出现在文章第一段开头，接着原文提到了互联网“the Internet”；根据语法结构，“the Internet”是“the gem Of late 20th century technology”的同位语，即将“互联网”比喻为“二十世纪末科技上一颗璀璨的宝石”，因此答案为“The Internet.”。

2. What is the relevance to our own time of the struggles of telegraph pioneers? A . They smooth the way for the popularity of today's technology. B . They made the Internet a global network.

C . They overcame national and international bureaucratic obstacles. D . They made today's technology work efficiently.

正确答案:They smooth the way for the popularity of today's technology.

题目详解:定位于文章第二段，要准确区分论点和论据．掌握本段的中心思想，即虽然这些科技发明使全球网络成为可能，但是仍然需要人类的合作才能使其成为现实。而电报先驱们为推广他们的发明而做出的努力为互联网的发展铺平了道路。“They made today's technology work efficiently.”、“They made the Internet a global network.”、“They overcame national and international bureaucratic obstacles.”是具体的论据，而“They smooth the way for the popularity of today's technology.”则概括了本段的论点，因此答案为“They smooth the way for the popularity of today's technology.”。

3. Why is it that the global telegraph network was truly revolutionary? A . It makes virtual communities possible.

B . It has changed the way we do business and communicate. C . It makes world peace.

D . It makes real-time global news service available.

正确答案:It makes real-time global news service available.

题目详解:定位于文章第四段的开头部分，本段总结了两种技术对社会的影响。虽然文章先肯定了互联网对人类社会的影响，但侧重说明了全球电报网络对人类社会的深刻影响，并且进一步表明自己的观点“全球电报网的形成和发展带来真正意义上的社会革命——前所未有地使人类能够及时获得世界新闻报道”。因此答案为“It makes real-time global news service available.”，而其他选项并不能准确表达作者的观点，不是答案。

4. The Associated Press and Reuters came into being thanks to ______. A . the well connected radio and TV system B . the breakup of provincialism

C . the development of global telegraph network D . the popularity of the Internet

正确答案:the development of global telegraph network

题目详解:题中问及美联社、路透社等新闻机构产生的原因，对于这一点，可定位于第四段的第六、七句话。由此可以推断出电报网络的发展使即时新闻传播成为可能，而后者促使各种新闻社的产生，故答案为“the development of global telegraph network”。“the popularity of the Internet”、“the well connected radio and TV system”与问题无关，而“the breakup of provincialism”是新闻机构产生后所带来的结果。

5. All of the following facts about the telegraph and the Internet are true EXCEPT the fact that ______.

A . both develop from the most advanced science of their time B . they are operated similarly in technical terms

C . both help to change the way we do business and communicate

D . both facilitate the communication between cultures and ethnic groups

正确答案:both help to change the way we do business and communicate

题目详解:本文讨论了电报和互联网在发展基础、发展过程、技术基础、社会影响等方面的相似之处(parallels)。文章第一段提到了“both develop from the most advanced science of their time”(发展基础)；文章第三段提到了“they are operated similarly in technical terms”(技术基础)以及“both facilitate the communication between cultures and ethnic groups”中提及的新技术为不同文化和种族的交流提供了便利，在文章最后一段的结尾部分也得到了印证。但文章中第四段第二句只提到了互联网改变了人们经商和交流的方式，而并未提到电报技术的运用改变了人们经商和交流的方式，因此答案为“both help to change the way we do business and communicate”。

As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm. The first group is often referred to as \mortar\

business and extend it into the online arena. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internet's special characteristics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster. Cafepress. com is one of the latter group. It's a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mousepads customized with their own logos and/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service. Cafepress. com, however, is rather remarkable for another reason. Customers don't need to print large lots of items. They don't need to worry about shipping the goods to their customers. And they don't need to talk to another human being to get their store \site lets you upload an image and choose what sort of item you'd like it to appear on. You can then choose how much to mark the item up -- the difference between the item's base cost and your mark-up price is your profit. Base prices are high, but understandable when you consider what Cafepress. com does for the initial investment. An 11-bunce mug starts at $ 10.99. For that, Cafepress. Com prints the mug on a piece-by-piece basis, provides the ordering software, handles the money, packs it, and ships it for you. The mug's purchaser pays shipping and handling costs; the store owner's effort is limited to uploading the original image for the mug, setting the cost, and writing a brief description of the item. It seems to be catching on. \want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but don't want the hassles associated with it,\co-founder and vice-president. \where we come in -- we're one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.\ But the most exciting aspect of Cafepress. com is not its ability to help major corporations outsource and customize their merchandising efforts. What's remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs can't justify a traditional merchandising effort, but with Cafe-press.com, users can easily bring ideas to fruition with very little time and no financial risk. Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good; I've ordered a mug and a shirt from Cafepress. com, and both were shipped relatively promptly, and arrived exactly as promised. Cafepress. com is an idea that's easy to get excited about. It's a small -- but tangible -- example of how the Internet can change the way we live.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The expression \A . coming into being

B . being dominated by a stormy high tech wave C . surviving a crisis

D . struggling in the storm

正确答案:surviving a crisis

题目详解:“weather”在这里的意思是“安全度过(困难、风暴等)”，“the storm”指的是上半句提到的内容。这句话可以翻译为“当高新技术巨大的衰退浪潮袭击整个电子商务领域时，两

种网站却正在破浪前进”，由此可知答案为“surviving a crisis”。

2. The first kind of site differs from the second kind of site in that ______. A . the first kind sells commodities while the second offers service

B . the second kind offers untraditional jobs to people experienced in auctioning C . the first kind extends items sold beyond the traditional categories

D . the second kind is rising while the first kind is declining in the world of online commerce

正确答案:the first kind sells commodities while the second offers service

题目详解:定位于文章第一段第二至五句“第一类网站通常被称作“点击井涂抹”——比如象Walmart或Sears(两个连锁零售商的名字)”这样的商店扩大到网上销售；第二类充分利用互联网的特点，提供一种独特的服务，一些就业信息网站和象e-bay这样的在线拍卖商是这类新网站的好例子，互联网将继续促进这类买卖的开展，由此可知答案为“the first kind sells commodities while the second offers service”。

3. Which of the following about Cafepress. com is NOT true?

A . It, along with similar sites, has changed the traditional way of marketing.

B . Its users don't have to transact the items to be sold face-to-face with their customers. C . Its customers are those who want to sell things rather than buy things. D . It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers.

正确答案:It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers.

题目详解:根据第二段第二句可排除“Its customers are those who want to sell things rather than buy things.”；由本段最后一句可排除“It, along with similar sites, has changed the traditional way of marketing.”；此外，根据第三段第三句可排除选项“Its users don't have to transact the items to be sold face-to-face with their customers.”，由此可知答案为“It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers.”。

4. What kind of customers need Cafepress. com most according to its vice-president? A . Those who have problem keeping their commodities moving. B . Those who sell a great variety of items.

C . Those who want to avoid the trouble of negotiating with clients. D . Those who sell unconventional commodities.

正确答案:Those who want to avoid the trouble of negotiating with clients.

题目详解:定位于第五段第二句“该公司的副总裁说，越来越多的公司来找我们，他们想销售货物，有一系列的货物要卖，但想省去争论的麻烦”，由此可知答案为“Those who want to avoid the trouble of negotiating with clients.”。

5. What is the most outstanding about Cafepress. com according to the author? A . The conveniences it gives to companies in selling their commodities.

B . The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice. C . The help it offers major companies in marketing their commodities. D . The high quality of the merchandise it offers to customers.

正确答案:The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice.

题目详解:文章第六段首句提到，Cafepress．com最令人兴奋的一面不是它促进了一些大公司的产品销售，它最突出的特点是使开一个商店变得非常简单。随后又举了个例子来说明这一观点，由此可知答案为“The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice.”。而其他三个选项虽然文中都提到了，但都不是Cafepress．com最突出的特点，不是答案。

In Mexico, President Vicente Fox is making an effort to calm protests in the farming sector through a dialogue with the government. But, the talk, so far, is mostly one-sided. The dialogue between Fox government officials and farm group leaders held on Tuesday here in Mexico City included two cabinet officials and a number of governors and legislators, but very few campesinos, as the farmers are called in Spanish. The leaders of the nation's largest campesino organizations, the Congreso Agrario Permanente, or Permanent Agrarian Congress, and the Confederation National Campesino, or National Farmers Confederation, boycotted the session. They complained that the government's decision to change the venue, from the National Archives building to a sports complex, violated an agreement to consult with them on such arrangements. President Fox is calling on all such groups to attend another meeting later this week so that they can contribute to the effort to improve the lot of Mexico's farmers. He says he wants to move forward quickly to develop a national accord for the agricultural sector by March 15. He says this accord should include details about how to provide more financing and credit to farmers as well as how to help farmers commercialize their products. President Fox is encouraging poor farmers to develop more skills in both production and in marketing. He says that some farm operations in Mexico are prospering under the North American Free Trade Agreement, known as NAFTA. Mr. Fox notes that the Mexican farm sector produces 157 products for sale in the United States and that Mexico leads the world in production of several types of products, including watermelons, tomatoes, broccoli and cauliflower. Mexican tomato producers are among the most enthusiastic supporters of the trade agreement. In the past ten years, Mexico has nearly doubled its tomato exports and today, one out of every three tomatoes sold in the United States comes from Mexico. But campesino leaders say NAFTA has favored such large-scale operations and left behind the millions of poor, small-scale farmers who cannot compete with the United States and Canada. Two weeks ago, some 20,000 campesinos marched in Mexico City demanding that the government renegotiate NAFTA, something President Fox has said he would not favor. Under the terms of the treaty, tariffs on several commodities were reduced to zero on January 1. By 2008, tariffs are set to fall on a number of other products including corn, sugar and beans. The United States has remained out of the fray over NAFTA here in

Mexico other than issuing statements highlighting the benefits of the agreement. However. Canada's ambassador to Mexico. Keith Christie, in an interview published in the Reforma newspaper Tuesday, said his country is against any change in the treaty. He said NAFTA is a complete package and it is not possible to change one part without reopening the entire agreement. That, he said, would not be good for any of the countries involved and he noted that both Canada and Mexico have gained more than the United States in terms of increased exports as a result of NAFTA.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What fact indicated that the talk was mostly one-sided? A . The President manipulated the government.

B . There were very few farmers present in the dialogue. C . The campesino leaders supported the President.

D . The cabinet officials and governors and legislators were on the farmer's side.

正确答案:There were very few farmers present in the dialogue.

题目详解:定位于原文第二段“福克斯政府官员和农业组的领导之间的对话在墨西哥城展开，参加这次谈话的有两名内阁官员、数名州长和立法委员，几乎没有农民”，由此可见，几乎没有农民参加这次关于农业的对话，应该说是单边的，故答案为“There were very few farmers present in the dialogue.”。

2. Why did the farm leaders protest against the session?

A . Because they did not like the session to be held in the National Archives building.

B . Because they thought the decision of changing venue was against the previous agreement.

C . Because they did not think sports had anything to do with the talk. D . Because they thought the talk was unfair to poor farmers.

正确答案:Because they thought the decision of changing venue was against the previous agreement.

题目详解:定位于原文第三段第二句话“他们抱怨政府决定把会议地点由国家档案大厦改在一个综合体育场，违背了他们就会议安排达成的协议”，故答案为“Because they thought the decision of changing venue was against the previous agreement.”。

3. What is implied about the Mexican agricultural products? A . Some agricultural products are imported from the US.

B . Some Mexican agricultural product has got a majority of America market share. C . The Mexican agricultural products are in the leading place in the world. D . The Mexican agricultural products have been highly commercialized.

正确答案:Some Mexican agricultural product has got a majority of America market share.

题目详解:根据第七段的最后一句话：在美国出售的每3个番茄中就有一个产自墨西哥。这与选项“Some Mexican agricultural product has got a majority of America market share.”(某种农产品在美国市场上占很大份额)是一致的，故其为答案。选项“The Mexican agricultural products have been highly commercialized.”和“Some agricultural products are imported from the US.”文中并末提到，而选项“The Mexican agricultural products are in the leading place in the world.”不正确，因为并不是所有的墨西哥农产品都占世界主导地位，而只是其中一些农产品。

4. What do campesino leaders think is the disadvantage of NAFTA? A . They think it hinders the development of Mexican agriculture. B . They think it hurts the interests of poor Mexican farmers. C . They think it unfair to Mexican farmers.

D . They think it affects the benefits of the campesino organizations.

正确答案:They think it hurts the interests of poor Mexican farmers.

题目详解:文中倒数第三段的第一句明确提到：农民组织领导说北美自由贸易协议支持了大规模经营，而丢下了数百万贫穷的小规模经营的农民，他们是没有能力与美国和加拿大竞争的。由此可说明北美自由贸易协议伤害到了贫困农民的利益，故答案为“They think it hurts the interests of poor Mexican farmers.”。

5. What does Keith Christie think of the treaty?

A . He thinks it no good for any countries concerned. B . He is in favor of reopening the entire agreement. C . He is against any change of it.

D . He thinks Mexico will get more benefits from it than Canada will.

正确答案:He is against any change of it.

题目详解:文中最后一段第二、三句提到Keith Christie的想法：他的国家反对这一条约的任何改动。并且他还说，北美自由贸易协议是一套完整协议，不可能在没有重新进行讨论全部协议的情况下改变其中任何一部分，故答案为“He is against any change of it.”。而最后一段最后一句提到：修改这一条约不会对任何成员国有利，KeithChristie还提醒说，从增加出口方面讲，北美自由贸易协议的结果是加拿大和墨西哥两国都比美国获益多，由此排除选项“He thinks it no good for any countries concerned.”和“He thinks Mexico will get more benefits from it than Canada will.”。

If your child only picks at his food, he can be trained to be a good eater. That will happen only when you've changed some of your own habits. Your child only accidentally discovered that being a bad eater meant getting lots of rewards from you. But you, as a parent, can easily undo your child's bad eating habits. I recall the case of little Sally Sanders, aged three-and-a-half, who was angrily described by her mother as being, \

worst cater I've ever seen in my life! I can't get her to eat anything. I'm afraid she's going to grow up sick and weak, that's how little she eats.\ \eat her food?\ Her voice showing a very high state of pique, Mrs. Sanders continued resentfully, \I scream and shout a lot at her. She makes me so mad when she won't eat her food. I warn her she needs a good, well-balanced meal to grow up healthy. She's just a stubborn child who won't eat her food. I'm afraid she'll get a bad vitamin deficiency for not eating all the good food I cook for her.\ I took a thorough case history. I went into much detail about the family's habits, their routines, their way of getting on together. Sally- I was told, had always been a bad eater. Mother and father agreed that Sally became worse in her eating habits soon after Elizabeth, her nine-month-old baby sister, was born. \only makes Sally very angry when I tell her what a wonderful little eater Elizabeth is. Elizabeth is such a wonderful eater I never have any problems with her. Why can't Sally be like Elizabeth?\ \a battle of wills. a struggle for power between you and little Sally\ Meals should be a sort of treat, not a nutritional treatment for your child. For Now, stop being an amateur nutritionist. Give her the sort of food she really enjoys. And give her only very small portions. Don't scold if she doesn't eat everything on her plate. If she's eaten everything and wants more, give her only tiny additional portions. Never insist that she eat everything on her plate. Remain, to the best of your ability calm, unconcerned and indifferent to her habit of slowly picking away at her food. Instead, enjoy your own food, and pay no attention to Sally. Then, after about, say, 30 minutes, very calmly pick up all the plates and other crockery from the table. Mealtime is over. Maybe your child will complain that she hasn't finished yet. Pay her no heed. But do say, for example. \got to be. We can't stay at the table too long eating. Sorry, if you're still hungry, you'll just have to wait until lunch time, (or whatever the next meal is).\

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. A bad eater in the article refers to who ______. A . has no taste for food

B . pay no attention to nutrition of food at all C . picks at the food and eats very little D . eats bad food

正确答案:picks at the food and eats very little

题目详解:文章第一段提到了“pick at his food”，第三段提到了“I can't get her to eat anything ... that's how little she eats”，由此可见一个坏的饮食者是指喜欢挑三捡四，并且吃得很少的人，故答案为“picks at the food and eats very little”。而选项“has no taste for food”和“eats bad food”文中并未提到，选项“pay no attention to nutrition of food at all”中的关键词nutrition在最后一段提到，但与bad eater无关。

2. The author is probably________. A . a psychologist

B . a nutritionist C . a physician D . a skillful nurse

正确答案:a psychologist

题目详解:根据最后一段作者给这位母亲的建议可以看出，他非常了解孩子的心理，可能是位心理学家，又因为其他三个选项文中并未提到，故答案为“a psychologist”。

3. Which of the following is true according to the article?

A . Sally's mother contributes much to sally's bad eating habits. B . Sally's mother cannot cook nutritional food.

C . Sally's mother intends to make mealtime a struggle for power. D . Sally's mother praises her baby sister to make her angry.

正确答案:Sally's mother contributes much to sally's bad eating habits.

题目详解:文章第七段提到“你(指这位孩子母亲)没有将吃饭时间当成一种快乐的时刻，相反，你却把它变成了一场你和萨莉之间意志力的斗争”，由此可见，她妈妈要对萨莉坏习惯的养成负很大的责任，故答案为“Sally's mother contributes much to sally's bad eating habits.”。

4. The author advises Mrs. Sanders ______. A . to force her child to cat everything

B . to stop starving her child to change her bad eating habits C . to give her child nutritious food only D . not to become an amateur nutritionist

正确答案:not to become an amateur nutritionist

题目详解:定位于文章最后一段，本段第二句话提到“从现在开始，停止做一个业余的营养师”，由此可知答案为“not to become an amateur nutritionist”。而选项“to give her child nutritious food only”、“to force her child to cat everything”和“to stop starving her child to change her bad eating habits”都过于绝对，并且文中也并未提到这样的建议。

5. In the phrase \very high, state of pique\(Paragraph 5), the word \can be replaced by the word ______. A . resentment B . pleasure C . anger

D . excitement

正确答案:anger

题目详解:根据第三段第一句话“... who was angrily described by ...?”以及第五段第一句话“... Mrs Sanders continued resentfully”可以排除选项“excitement”和“pleasure”。选项“resentment”和后一句中的副词“resentfully”词义重复，所以排除此项，故答案为“anger”。

Common cold is a viral infection that starts in the upper respiratory tract, sometimes spreads to the lower structures, and may contribute secondary infections in the eyes or middle ears. The main differences between the common cold and other respiratory infections are the absence of fever and the relative mildness of the symptoms. About 200 different strains of virus are capable of producing colds. Frequently two or more different viruses can be isolated during a single episode. The cold is spread by person-to-person contact. People can carry the virus and communicate it without themselves experiencing any of the symptoms. Incubation is short -- usually one to four days. The viruses start spreading from an infected person before the symptoms appear, and the spread reaches its peak during the symptomatic phase. The incidence of colds peaks during the autumn, and minor epidemics commonly occur throughout the winter. The reason for this incidence is unknown: it may not stem mainly from stresses imposed by chilly weather but rather result from the greater amount of time spent indoors, which increases the likelihood of close contact with those persons carrying cold viruses. Pathologic changes occurring in the mucous membrane that lines the nose, the nasal sinuses, the nasoharynx, and other upper respiratory passages may include tissue swelling, congestion of blood, and oozing of fluids. During the acute phase of the disease, the respiratory secretions are altered by increase in serum proteins. Parts of cells may also be found in the fluids. Tissue repair is rapid and seems complete, although a relationship might exist between colds and more serious respiratory conditions. Cold symptoms vary from person to person, but in the individual the same symptoms tend to recur in succeeding bouts of infection. Manifestations may include sneezing, headaches, fatigue, chilling, sore throat, inflammation of the nose (rhinitis), and nasal discharge. There is usually no fever. The symptoms usually last for only a few days. The nasal discharge is the first warning. The secretions become watery, clear, and excessive. Later, they thicken, increase in mucus and pus content, and may colour a yellow-green, with traces of blood. Coughing can be dry or produce amounts of mucus. Other, more serious diseases with similar general symptoms may be mistaken for a cold; some of these are tuberculosis, bronchitis, lung abscesses, and inflammation around the heart. Treatment is, in most instances, directed toward allaying of symptoms, coupled with rest and adequate fluid intake. Occasionally antibiotics are given to prevent secondary infections.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. According to this passage, common cold is ______.

A . caused by spending a lot of time outdoors in chilly weather B . a kind of popular respiratory infection C . generally accompanied with mild fever D . a hereditary disease

正确答案:a kind of popular respiratory infection

题目详解:根据第一段第一句“普通感冒是从上呼吸道开始的由滤过性病毒引起的传染病……”可知答案为“a kind of popular respiratory infection”，而选项a hereditary disease “遗传疾病”肯定不正确。由文中第四段第三句“感冒一般不出现发烧症状”，可知选项“generally accompanied with mild fever”不正确；再由第二段第七句“……感冒的主要原因可能不是因为严寒的天气而是由于大部分时间呆在室内引起的……”可知选项“caused by spending a lot of time outdoors in chilly weather”不正确。

2. The second paragraph is written to mainly talk about ______ of colds. A . the incubation B . the causes C . the definition D . the spreading

正确答案:the causes

题目详解:该段的第一、二句“大约有200多种病毒会引起感冒。一次感冒往往可能会找到两种或更多种病毒”，指出病毒是感冒的起因。随后提到感冒病毒的传播过程，感冒的流行期等，最后还分析了引起感冒的主要原因。可见，该段主要讲的是感冒的起因，因此答案为“the causes”。该段中并未提到感冒的定义，由此可排除“the definition”。虽然本段中也提到了“incubation”和“spreading\，但只是论述感冒起因时所涉及到的问题而已，所以选项“the incubation”和“the spreading”也不正确。

3. It seems that the person ______ is most likely to catch cold. A . having a mild fever for a few days

B . carrying viruses capable of producing colds C . spending most of his time indoors D . spending most of his time outdoors

正确答案:spending most of his time indoors

题目详解:定位于第二段最后一句话“感冒发生的原因是不清楚的，感冒的主要原因可能不是因为严寒的天气而是由于大部分时间呆在室内引起的，是因为增加了与携带感冒病毒的人紧密接触”，可知答案为“spending most of his time indoors”。而其它三个选项与上下文意思不符，不是答案。

4. The underlined word \A . regress B . repeat C . refresh D . retreat

正确答案:repeat

题目详解:定位于第四段第一句，根据语法结构，此处所填的词应是个不及物动词，因此排除选项“refresh”。选项regress意为“倒退、退化”；retreat意为“撤退、退却”，不符合上下文的意思，所以排除这两项，因此答案为“repeat”。

5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A . The application of antibiotics is the only effective means in the treatment of common cold.

B . Common cold is the first warning of bronchitis.

C . Radical surgery is never needed in the treatment of common cold. D . Tuberculosis is believed to have developed from common cold.

正确答案:Radical surgery is never needed in the treatment of common cold.

题目详解:文章第四段最后一句提到“可能把其他症状大体相同的更严重的疾病错当成感冒，这样的疾病有；肺结核、支气管炎、肺脓肿以及心肌炎”，因此可知“Common cold is the first warning of bronchitis. (普通感冒是支气管炎的最早征兆)”和 “Tuberculosis is believed to have developed from common cold. (人们认为肺结核是感冒演变来的)”不正确。文章最后一句提到，偶尔使用抗生素预防继发性感染，由此可知“The application of antibiotics is the only effective means in the treatment of common cold. (广使用抗生素是治疗感冒的唯一有效手段)”不正确。由最后一段“多数感冒，治疗在于减轻症状，再加上休息和多喝水”可知答案为“Radical surgery is never needed in the treatment of common cold. (治疗感冒无需进行大手术)”。

Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur, and we are not talking about simple carelessness as occurs when two numbers are incorrectly added, nor do we mean errors resulting from simple forgetfulness. Rather, we have in mind errors of a logic nature --those resulting from faulty reasoning. Now, or at least soon, computers will be capable of error-free logical reasoning in a variety of areas. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the last two decades' research in the field of automated theorem proving. AURA (Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that best exemplifies this use of the computer. AURA solves a problem by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. Program does not learn, nor is it self-analytical, but it reaches logical conclusions flawlessly. It used various types of reasoning and, more important, has access to very powerful and sophisticated logical strategies. AURA seldom relies on brute force to find solutions. Instead it solves almost all problems by using sophisticated techniques to find a contradiction. One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For example, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor

down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system's design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor's design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy, known as the set of support strategy, lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid the many fruitless steps required to explore the entire theory underlying the problem. Almost never does the program proceed by carrying out an exhaustive search. The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit design validation, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist \systems\that include a component for reasoning. An expert system is a special-purpose program designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert programs, unlike human experts, do not die. Such systems continue to improve and have an indefinite life span. Moreover, they can be replicated for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be duplicated any number of times. Will the computer replace the human being? Certainly not. It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce -- that is, design more clever computer programs and more efficient, more useful components. Reasoning programs will also analyze their own progress, learn from their attempts to solve a problem, and redirect their attack on a problem. Such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Their impact will be felt in design, manufacturing, law, medicine, and other areas. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas. These ideas will be partially formulated and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. The primary purpose of AURA is to________. A . check human reasoning for possible errors

B . function as a safety mechanism in nuclear reactors C . develop expert human programs for technical fields

D . detect contradictions and other faults in computer programs

正确答案:check human reasoning for possible errors

题目详解:文章第一段最后两句提到，(人)要想不出逻辑推理方面的错误，关键在于使用一种计算机程序，这个程序是在过去20年中对自动定理证明领域的研究的基础上设计出来的。AURA(自动推理助手)就说明了计算机在这方面的应用，由此可知答案为“check human reasoning for possible errors”。

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as areas from applying AURA? A . Medical diagnosis.

B . Mathematic and formal logic. C . Nuclear engineering. D . Electronic engineering.

正确答案:Mathematic and formal logic.

题目详解:由第三段第一句可以排除选项“Electronic engineering.”，再由第二段的后半段可排除“Nuclear engineering.”，此外根据第三段第三句可排除选项“Medical diagnosis.”。而文中并没有提到AURA在数学和形式逻辑方面的应用，因此答案为“Mathematic and formal logic.”。

3. All of the following are advantages of expert programs EXCEPT________. A . they cost little to reproduce B . they are self-analytical

C . they have an indefinite life span D . many copies can be made available

正确答案:they are self-analytical

题目详解:定位于文章第三段后半部分，其中第五句提到“这些专门用的程序可以不断提高，无限制地存在下去”可排除“they have an indefinite life span”；第六句“它们可以被廉价复制”从而排除“they cost little to reproduce”；最后一句提到“……而且这种程序可以无限制地被复制”可排除“many copies can be made available”，因此答案为“they are self-analytical”。

4. Which of the following titles best describes the content of the text? A . Some Suggested Applications for AURA. B . Scientific Applications of Logical Reasoning. C . Scientific Applications of Computers.

D . Using Computers to Assist Human Reasoning.

正确答案:Using Computers to Assist Human Reasoning.

题目详解:文章第一段直接点明主题“一种计算机程序AURA可帮助人们检查逻辑推理方面的错误”，再根据以上各题的题解，不难得出答案为“Using Computers to Assist Human Reasoning.”，而其他三个选项都不能准确表达此主题，不为答案。

5. The author's primary concern is to________. A . recommend a solution B . refute and objection

C . discuss recent developments D . correct a misconception

正确答案:discuss recent developments

题目详解:本文主要讨论了计算机在逻辑方面的研究上的最新动向，并重点探讨了AURA在目前以及将来的应用，由此可知答案为“discuss recent developments”。

It was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, 1 didn't know enough lo really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a dingy multi-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night. The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses' hoofs from \\, we'd sprawl on Mom's bed and stare for hours at the lube. But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But she was much brighter and smarter than we hoys knew at liie time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned—books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV , sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. '' You boys are going to read two books every week,\what you read. We moaned and complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didn't have any books in the house other than Mom's Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were; \peevish boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the children's books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them. The first book I read clear through was Chip die Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my sur?roundings as did this verbal visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home. It didn't dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page. Soon I began to look forward to visiting this hushed sanctuary from my other world. I moved from ani?mals lo plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened ;I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldn't wait to get home to my books. Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of pediatric neurosurgery at John Hopkins Children's Center in Baltimore. Sometimes I still can't believe my life's journey, from a failing and indif?ferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery. But I know when the journey began—the day Mom snapped off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that

A . the author had been very concerned about his school work. B . the author and his brother had done poorly in school.

C . the author had spent much time watching TV after school. D . the author had realized how important schooling was.

正确答案:the author had spent much time watching TV after school.

题目详解:在短文第一段作者就提到“We watched TV every night．”而后又列出一堆当时播

出的电视剧的名称，并且这些电视里的声音已经成为the back ground noise of our lives，可见文中的我和哥哥放学后消磨了大部分的时间在电视上。所以the author had spent much time watching TV after school.为正确答案。

2. Which of the following is NOT true about the author's family? A . His mother worked as a cleaner.

B . His mother had received little education. C . He came from a single-parent family. D . He came from a middle-class family.

正确答案:He came from a middle-class family.

题目详解:短文中第一段就提到“My older brother and l lived with Mom．．．”说明他是来自单亲的家庭，由此排除He came from a single-parent family.；在短文的第二段提到“She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned．．．”也就是说妈妈的工作是给其他人家打扫卫生，可排除His mother worked as a cleaner；同样是在这段里“Our mother had only been able to get through third grade\说明妈妈没有受过太多的教育，排除His mother had received little education.。只有He came from a middle-class family.是答案。

3. The mother was_______ to make her two sons switch to reading books. A . reluctant B . determined C . unprepared D . hesitant

正确答案: determined

题目详解:短文没有直接说妈妈要她的两个孩子去读书的态度：而是从一些行为表现出来的。当妈妈在他人家里发现了很多书以后，回到家她就snapped off the TV，即猛然关上电视；而后就给她的两个孩子提出了要求“You boys are going to read two books every week，and you are going to write me a report on what you read”，由于家里除了圣经什么书也没有，所以妈妈告诉她的孩子“I?ll drive you to the library．”从这一系列的行动来看，妈妈的态度是果断的，所以应该选determined。

4. How did the two boys feel about going to the library at first? A . They were eager to go. B . They were indifferent. C . They were afraid. D . They were reluctant.

正确答案:They were reluctant.

题目详解:当妈妈要求孩子们读书以后，文中的我和哥哥的反应是“We moaned and complained about how unfair it was．”由此可以推断出两个孩子最开始的反应是不愿意，

即They were reluctant.。

5. The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that_______ A . he could visualize what he read in his mind.

B . he realized that books offered him new experience. C . he could go back to read the books again. D . he began to see something in his mind.

正确答案:he could go back to read the books again.

题目详解:短文中写到：当文中的我开始读书以后，就发现自己“...taken．．．to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home”，并且感到“There were images forming in my mind instead Of before my eyes”，对他来说这种experience was quite different from watching TV。只有he could go back to read the books again.没有提到

In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First, let's talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the \need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer \see where we all are . Texting changes people as well. In their paper, \Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging\,two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users; the \and the \—those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone's individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the \head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the \these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people's privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn't worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. When people plan to meet nowadays, they A . postpone fixing the place till the last minute. B . seldom care about when and where to meet. C . still love to work out detailed meeting plans. D . arrange the meeting place beforehand.

正确答案:postpone fixing the place till the last minute.

题目详解:根据题干中的plan to meet nowadays定位到第三段第三句“人们再也不需要严格地确定会见的时间和地点。”最后两句又指出，节日的夜晚可以随时安排，人们不再说“八点见”，而是说“八点左右再联系”。据此可知答案为postpone fixing the place till the last minute. ，排除seldom care about when and where to meet.和still love to work out detailed meeting plans. 由第三段第四句可知[A)发生在20年前，而非现在。

2. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on A . the \B . talkers C . texters.

D . the \

正确答案: texters.

题目详解:根据题干中的two British researchers和social and psychological effects定位到第四段第二句“英国研究人员将手机用户分为两类——talkers和texters'?。接着第五段论述了手机对texters的社交和心理影响。可见手机对用户在社交上和心理上的影响最可能通过texters看出来，答案为texters.

3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are A . shocking to others.

B . unacceptable by others. C . well written. D . quite revealing.

正确答案:quite revealing.

题目详解:根据题干及选项定位到第五段。首句指出，手机的个性化和隐私性使得短信用户能够展示一个具有全新个性的自我。第二句明确提到，如果家人看了他们的短信后，反应是would be surprised，与 unacceptable by others. shocking to others.同义。但是，本题考查infer(推断)得出的信息，由此排除，可以推断出quite revealing(揭露事实的，暴露真相的)，即通过短信的内容可以了解手机用户的真实性格和特点。well written.在文中无相关论述。

4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile? A . The \B . Texters. C . Talkers.

D . The \

正确答案:The \

题目详解:根据题干及选项定位到第六段，主要介绍了两种手机用户(speakeasy和spacemaker)及他们在打电话时使用的不同肢体语言。最后一句介绍spacemaker的特点：打电话时避开他人。这与题干中的is afraid of being heard意义相同，所以答案为The \

5. An appropriate title for the passage might be A . Changes in the Use of the Mobile.

B . Body Language and the Mobile Phone. C . Cultural Implications of Mobile Phone Use. D . The SMS Effect.

正确答案:Cultural Implications of Mobile Phone Use.

题目详解:本文主要谈论手机给人们带来的影响，而谈论手机对文化的影响占了主要篇幅。所以Cultural Implications of Mobile Phone Use.是比较可能的题目。The SMS Effect.和Body Language and the Mobile Phone.都只是片面地说明了文章内容；Changes in the Use of the Mobile.手机使用的变化”，不符合文章内容。

OIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First, let's talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the \need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer \see where we all are . Texting changes people as well. In their paper, \Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging\,two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users; the \and the \—those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone's individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to

express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the \head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the \these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people's privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn't worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.ver the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal—or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class—whether a person is \—are one area in which changes have been extremely slow. In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers' jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then. It was widely believed, having given his wife her \squander the rest on beer and betting. The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was—and still is—inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans. Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve job-security, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary' than before to worry about \to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to he much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past? A . Attitude and income. B . Income and job security. C . Job security- and hobbies.

D . Life style and occupation.

正确答案:Income and job security.

题目详解:根据题干inthepast定位到第二段第一、二句：在过去，工人阶级的收入往往比中产阶级的低；正由于此，再加上工人的工作一般得不到很好的保障，两大阶级在生活方式和态度上出现了明显的不同。简而言之，收入(income)和工作保障(job security)的不同造成了两大阶级差异的产生。

2. The writer seems to suggest that the description of ______is closer to truth. A . middle-class ways of spending money

B . working-class ways of spending the weekend C . working-class drinking habits D . middle-class attitudes

正确答案: middle-class ways of spending money

题目详解:由middle-class ways of spending money的内容定位到第三段第一句，在叙述中产阶级花钱方式时用到了 “was perhaps nearer the truth'?，这与题干中的closert。truth意思相近，为正确答案；working-class ways of spending the weekend和working-class drinking habits的内容可以定位到第二段第三句，在叙述工人阶级度周末的方式和饮酒习惯时用到了“让was widely believed”，意思是“人们普遍认为”，语气不够肯定；middle-class attitudes的内容可以定位到第四段末句；在叙述中产阶级态度时用到了词组“in fact”，说明下文所述完全是事实。

3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the middle-class?

A . Having priorities in life. B . Desiring for security, C . Saving money

D . Making long-term plans.

正确答案: Saving money

题目详解:由题干及选项定位到第三段。在论述中产阶级特点时，分别在第二句中提到了“take a longer term view'?，第四句中提到了\?，由此排除[刚和[A]；第三句中提到了\”，意思为“把买房子看成最重要的事情”，由此排除Having priorities in life.；只有Saving money.是答案。

4. Working-class people's sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors EXCEPT ______

A . better social security. B . higher living standard. C . better legal protection.

D . more job opportunities.

正确答案:more job opportunities.

题目详解:由题干定位到第四段第三句“社会保障和法律使得工作得到更好的保障，再加上自20世纪中期以来生活水平普遍提高，(工人阶级)不需要再像以前那样为?将来?感到担忧了。”这句话中指出了工人安全感得到提高的几个原因：社会保障、法律和生活水平提高，由此排除better social security. higher living standard.和better legal protection.另外，原文中提到了job secunty(工作保障)，而非more job opportunities.中的job opportunities (工作机会)。

5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A . Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.

B . The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing. C . Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.

D . Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.

正确答案: Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.

题目详解:由Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.定位到第一段第二句，“在许多方面几乎没有发生变化”，这与[A)中all sectors矛盾，所以答案为Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society；由第五段第二、三句，“他们在音乐和着装上有着共同的品味，他们都花钱享受，攒钱去度假，还作一些必要的长远计划。看上去他们这一代比前代的差距要少得多。”说明两个阶层的年轻人间的差距在缩小，排除The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.；接着的下一句，“但是，(无论从事何种类型的工作)，收入差距还是存在的”排除Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.第四段尾句，“实际上，在过去几年中，中产阶级的自卑感一直呈现上升趋势”，排除Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.

For several days I saw little of Mt. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighourhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal. During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me .because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them, One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much lews gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As 1 was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, \Eyre?\. \really are unusual' you are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude. \, I'm sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn't matter, or something like that. \

shouldn't! I see, you criticize my appearance .and then you stab me in the back You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points. 1 thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly,'' Yes, you're right. I have plenty of faults, i went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. 1 might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but 1 have done wrong. It wasn't my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this'? Because you're the sort of person people tell their prob?lems and secrets to, because you're sympathetic and give them hope. It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn't seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time. \me, Miss Eyre. \the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You're like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you'll fly very high. Good night. \

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. At the beginning Miss Eyre's impressions of Mr. Rochester were all EXCEPT_______ A . changeable. B . friendly. C . sociable. D . busy.

正确答案:friendly.

题目详解:由题干impression定位到第一、二段中Miss Eyre对Mr．Rochester的描述。文章第二句，“早晨他似乎生意缠身，下午邻家的绅士来拜访他，有时候还留下来一起吃饭”，说明Mr．Rochester很忙，社交很广，排除busy.和sociable.第二段第一句，“…有时候他冷淡地走过，有时候点点头笑一笑”，说明Mr．Rochester喜怒无常，排除changeable.只有friendly.为答案。

2. In \house,...\A . outside. B . on.

C . concerning. D . around.

正确答案:around.

题目详解:题干中的句子意思为：我对他的了解仅仅局限于房前屋后偶尔的相遇。可见about在句中的意义相当于“around'.

3. Why did Mt. Rochester say \and then you stab me in the back I\(the seventh

paragraph) ?

A . Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife. B . Because Jane had intended to be more critical. C . Because Jane had regretted having talked to him.

D . Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.

正确答案:Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.

题目详解:文章第三段最后，Mr．Rochester问MissEyre\你认为我漂亮吗?”MissEyre先是脱口否定，然后又更正并解释了自己的看法。由此使得Mr Rochester认为Miss Eyre不仅批评了他，而且刺伤了他的感受。可见只有[D)符合原题。stab sb．in the back，意思为“中伤某人”。

4. From what Mr. Rochester told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to _______. A . change her opinion of him. B . tell her all his troubles. C . change his circumstances. D . tell her his life experience.

正确答案:change her opinion of him.

题目详解:文章第二段提到Miss Eyre对Mr．Rochester的了解是有限的，她感觉这个人喜怒无常。而后Mr. Rochester在谈话中提到他的缺点是由于当时的时代和环境造成的。最后一段Mr. Rochester说：Don't be afraid of me，及You don't relax or laugh very much．．．But in time you will be more natural with me．．。可见Mr．Rochester对Miss Eyre的谈话，是为了改变Miss Eyre对他的看法。

5. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded _______. A . rude. B . friendly. C . cold.

D . encouraging.

正确答案:encouraging.

题目详解:尾段的字里行间流露出Mr．Rochester对Miss Eyre的关切与鼓励，例如“Don't be afraid of me”， “But in time you will be more natural with me，and laugh，and speak freely'?，“When you get out of the cage，you'll fly very high”等。

More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse,

a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged, but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of .how he juggled (诈骗) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. It can be concluded from the passage that ________ .

A . computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions B . computer criminals escape punishment because they can't-be detected C . people commit computer crimes at the request of their company D . it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today

正确答案:computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions

题目详解:依据问题中?It can be concluded from the passage?的提示，从第1段第2句中?Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward.?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \operation of financial institutions\符合题意。

2. It is implied in the third paragraph that _______ .

A . most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes B . the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem C . most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck D . many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered

正确答案:many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered

题目详解:根据问题中?It is implied in the third paragraph?的提示，从第3段第1句中?no statistics on crimes that go undetected（虽然没有资料表明没有被发现的犯罪活动，但确实知道有多少犯罪活动是在…发现的）\提供的信息判断，选项中的 \

crimes go undetected than are discovered\符合题意。

3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A . A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.

B . Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation. C . Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information. D . A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.

正确答案:Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation.

题目详解:根据问题中?Which of the following is mentioned?的提示，从最后1段的第1句中?Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

4. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? A . With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job. B . They may walk away and easily find another job. C . They must leave the country or go to jail.

D . They will be denied access to confidential records.

正确答案:They may walk away and easily find another job.

题目详解:根据问题中?once they are caught?的提示，从第三段的最后一句中?All too often, their demands have been met?和第四段最后一句?And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \walk away and easily find another job\符合题意。

5. The passage is mainly about _______.

A . why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections B . why computer crimes can't be eliminated

C . why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment

D . how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers

正确答案:why computer crimes can't be eliminated

题目详解:根据问题中?The passage is mainly about?的提示，从第1段的最后一句中?have managed to get away without punishment? 和最后一段最后一句中?departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere?提供的信息判断，选项中的\符合题意。

Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and discrimination continue to be serious problems. There was often tension between each established group of immigrants and each succeeding group. As each group became more financially successful, and more powerful, they excluded newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are part of American history; however, this prejudicial treatment of different groups is nowhere more unjust than with black Americans. Blacks had distinct disadvantages. For the most part, they came to the \slaves and they were not free to keep their heritage and cultural traditions. Unlike most European immigrants, blacks did not have the protection of a support group; sometimes slave owners separated members of the same family. They could not mix easily with the established society either because of their skin color. It was difficult for them to adapt to the American culture. Even after they became free people, they still experienced discrimination in employment, housing and education. Until the twentieth century, the majority of the black population lived in the southern part of the United States. Then there was a population shift to the large cities in the North. Prejudice against blacks is often associated with the South. Slavery was more common there and discrimination was usually easier to see. In the 1950s and 1960s, blacks fought to gain fair treatment, and they now have legal protection in housing, education, and employment. Because their neighborhoods are segregated (隔离 ), many blacks feel that education opportunities are not adequate for their children. Busing children from one neighborhood to another is one solution to inequality in education. Naturally, all parents want the best possible education for their children. The situation of blacks is better today than it was in the 1950s, but racial tension persists. Time will be the real solution to the problem of race.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What is the main subject of the passage? A . Unemployment in the United States.

B . Worldwide prejudice against American blacks. C . Education in the United States.

D . Prejudice and discrimination in the United States.

正确答案:Prejudice and discrimination in the United States.

题目详解:根据问题中?What is the main subject?的提示，从第一段第一句中?Ironically…prejudice and discrimination continue to be…（奇怪的是，在一个移民的国家，种族歧视和偏见仍然是一个严重问题）?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \and discrimination in the United States\符合题意。

2. When a group of immigrants became strong in its economy, they were likely to ______. A . fight with the natives to gain more land

B . show prejudice and discrimination against newcomers

C . fight among themselves to establish a more dominating role

D . prevent new settlers from being greatly involved in social activities

正确答案:prevent new settlers from being greatly involved in social activities

题目详解:根据问题中?When a group of immigrants became strong in its economy?的提示，从第一段的第三句中?As each group became more financially successful, and more powerful, they excluded newcomers from…（对比问题中的' prevent new settlers from'）当一个社会团体，在经济上成功了或更强大时，他们就会阻止新的社会团体加入到社会中来?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \new settlers from being greatly involved in social activities\符合题意。

3. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?

A . The problem of prejudice and discrimination in the United States won't be solved before long.

B . Prejudice and discrimination are part of the United States.

C . Blacks in the United States were among those who were worst discriminated. D . It was not easy for blacks to get accustomed to the American culture.

正确答案:Blacks in the United States were among those who were worst discriminated. 题目详解:根据问题中?which of the following is not true?的提示，从第一段最后一句中?nowhere more unjust than with black Americans（任何地方的人都不会遇到比美国黑人更加不公正的待遇）?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \in the United States were among those who were worst discriminated\符合题意。

4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

A . prejudice and discrimination are more severe in the South than in the North

B . the government of the United States is not attaching great attention to the education of blacks

C . blacks are free people now, so they can enjoy equal rights as whites D . now there are more blacks living in the North than in the South

正确答案:prejudice and discrimination are more severe in the South than in the North 题目详解:根据问题中?It can be inferred from the passage?的提示，从第三段的第三、四句中?Prejudice…often associated with the South 和 … more common there and … was usually easier to see?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \severe in the South than in the North\符合题意。

5. By \education\

A . black children are slow in learning in their own neighborhood

B . black children are required to receive an education of a different culture C . black children are severely discriminated in their own neighborhood D . black children can't enjoy adequate education if they don't go far

正确答案:black children can't enjoy adequate education if they don't go far

题目详解:根据问题中?By \… means?的提示，从第四段中?fought to gain fair treatment, not adequate for, the best possible education?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \children can't enjoy adequate education if they don't go far\符合题意。

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval (between AD 1,100 and 1,500) worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term \century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and were replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term \implied.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century? A . People relied on reading for entertainment.

B . There were few places available for private reading. C . Silent reading had not been discovered. D . Few people could read for themselves.

正确答案:Few people could read for themselves.

题目详解:根据问题中?Why was reading aloud common?的提示，从第三段中?increase in literacy（文化水平的提高），the number of readers（读者数量的增加）. The number of

potential listeners 听者数量的减少?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \themselves\符合题意。

2. The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicated ______. A . an increase in the average age of readers B . a change in the status of literate people C . an increase in the number of books D . a change in the nature of reading

正确答案:a change in the nature of reading

题目详解:根据问题中?The development of silent reading?的提示，从第二段中?… should be careful… simply because… the usual mode of reading ..the tasks themselves changed in character 不要认为无声阅读的问世是因为有声阅读分散了人们的注意力，而是阅读任务本身发生了变化?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

3. Educationalists are still arguing about ______. A . the importance of silent reading

B . the amount of information yielded by books and newspapers C . the value of different types of reading material D . the effects of reading on health

正确答案:the value of different types of reading material

题目详解:根据问题中?Educationalists are still arguing?的提示，从第四段中?…considerable argument over 大量的关于书、阅读材料对获取信息方面的争论… whatever its virtues 无论优点如何 …the old shared literacy culture… by the printed mass media… by books and magazines for a specialized readership 古老的文化已被印刷品取而代之，为掌握专业知识被书籍和杂志取而代之?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \material\符合题意。

4. The emergence of the mass media and of specialized reading material showed that _____.

A . educationalists' attitudes had changed B . printing techniques had improved C . standards of literacy had gone down D . readers' interests had become varied

正确答案:readers' interests had become varied

题目详解:根据问题中?The emergence of the mass media and of specialized reading material?的提示，从第五段中?…inappropriate, if not impossible, …（读者应该掌握，如果有可能的话，适合于专业阅读而不是口语的阅读技能?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \interests had become varied \符合题意。

5. What is the writer of this passage attempting to do? A . Encourage the growth of reading.

B . Explain how present-day reading habits developed. C . Show how reading methods have improved. D . Change people's attitudes to reading.

正确答案:Explain how present-day reading habits developed.

题目详解:根据问题中?attempting to do?的提示，从第一段中?a modern activity … almost unknown to, …meant reading aloud…silent reading …（现在的阅读方法是古人不知到的。十五世纪的阅读指的是有声阅读，而无声阅读是在十九世纪问世的）显然说明了作者要通过\有声阅读\和\无声阅读\的对比来说明读书习惯的形成?提供的信息判断，选项中的\how present-day reading habits developed\符合题意。

Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view. The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears. The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War 11 these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the \－the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body－this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called \the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumers' spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increased, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ____.

A . he has learned to build houses B . he has saved up enough money

C . he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter D . he has satisfied his hunger

正确答案:he has satisfied his hunger

题目详解:根据问题中?man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when?的提示，从第三段第一句中?The first and most basic level of wants?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

2. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War 11 most Americans ____.

A . lived in poverty

B . didn't own automobiles C . were very rich

D . hahad the good things on the first three levels

正确答案:didn't own automobiles

题目详解:根据问题中?by the end of World War 11 most Americans?的提示，从第三段最后两句中?Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses?提供的信息判断，选项中 \符合题意。

3. Which of the following is NOT related to \A . A cozy home. B . A good garage. C . A successful career. D . A family car.

正确答案:A successful career.

题目详解:根据问题中?NOT related to \?的提示，从第3段中?… food. …a second level of wants appears clothing and some sort of shelter. …Then a third level appeared….such items as automobiles and new houses.?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \successful career\符合题意。

4. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level? A . The more earnings the better.

B . The more \. C . The more goods the better.

D . The more mental satisfaction the better.

正确答案:The more mental satisfaction the better.

题目详解:根据问题中?the main concern of man on the fourth level?的提示，从第4段的第3句中?this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

5. The author is inclined to think that a fifth level ____.

A . will become attainable provided The author is inclined to think that a fifth level ____. B . can be the last and most satisfying level C . would be a little better than the fourth level D . may be a lot more desirable than the first four

正确答案:may be a lot more desirable than the first four

题目详解:根据问题中?is inclined to think that a fifth level?的提示，从最后一段文章的最后一句中?… seek to ensure… enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels (人们追求的是健康、安全、有足够的时间，去更加充分地享受前四个阶段得到的东西)?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

Some individuals and citizens' groups have expressed concern about the level of violence in television programs, particularly in action-adventure series and cartoons. They argue that viewers, especially children, may learn to see violence as the only way to resolve conflicts. Early experimental researchers compared the play of children who had seen aggressive behavior on television with the play of a control group of children who had watched nonviolent programs. Concern was intensified by findings that indicated a higher level of aggressive play in the violent-television group. Other researchers attempted to determine whether violent programs simply stimulated higher energy levels in children or actually caused them to learn violent and antisocial behavior. The results of different studies conflicted. Some researchers claimed that televised violence actually had a positive cathartic(导泄的) effect, allowing some viewers to release heightening tensions; these findings, however, were not confirmed in further studies. Other scholars pointed out that both pro-social and antisocial behavior can be learned from television. Social scientists find it especially difficult to assess accurately the subtle, cumulative(积累的) effects of viewing a broad variety of television programs throughout childhood. Distinguishing the possible effects of television from other influences at home and at school is also difficult. Current research suggests that moderately higher levels of antisocial behavior can be traced to television viewing, but further study needs to be done to confirm it. Because of the long-standing tradition in the U. S. of freedom of speech and of the press, the government would probably not attempt to directly limit or censor(审查) the appearance of violence on television. Among the networks and producers, pressure from concerned citizens continues to be balanced by increasing popularity of high-energy action-adventure programs.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A . Levels of violence in action-adventure series and cartoons. B . Violence in television programs. C . Educational programs for children. D . Researches on television programs.

正确答案:Violence in television programs.

题目详解:根据问题中?What is the passage mainly about?的提示，从第一段的第一句中?…expressed concern about the level of violence in television programs (个人与公民团体表达了对电视节目中暴力行为的程度的关心)?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \in television programs\符合题意。

2. Those researchers who believe violence on TV has a positive effect on viewers think that ____.

A . it helps people to fight various social evils before them B . it helps let out people's undesirable emotions C . it stimulates higher energy levels in children

D . it teaches people not to use violence to resolve conflicts

正确答案:it helps let out people's undesirable emotions

题目详解:根据问题中?has a positive effect on viewers think?的提示，从第2段第5句中?a positive cathartic effect（积极地排泄作用）和 to release heightening tensions（缓解不断上升的紧张感）?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

3. A \

A . that meets the expectation of the society B . that is against the social norm

C . that can often be shaped by TV programs

D . that a child shows in communication with people

正确答案:that meets the expectation of the society

题目详解:根据问题中?A \?的提示，从第二段最后一句中?both prosocial and antisocial behavior （不利于和有利于社会的行为）?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \meets the expectation of the society\符合题意。

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A . The effect of violent TV programs on children needs further study. B . Television viewing leads naturally to antisocial behavior.

C . Violence on television does not help shape violent behavior in children.

D . Both prosocial and antisocial behaviors can be learned from violent programs.

正确答案:The effect of violent TV programs on children needs further study.

题目详解:根据问题中?Which of the following statements is TRUE?的提示，从文章最后一句中?pressure from concerned citizens continues to be balanced by increasing popularity of high-energy action-adventure programs?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \TV programs on children needs further study\符合题意。

5. The last sentence of the passage implies ____.

A . without violence, action-adventure programs would be more popular

B . producers and concerned citizens can work together to clean up TV programs C . violence in television programs will continue to appear in the future D . the government will have to ban violence on TV under public pressure

正确答案:violence in television programs will continue to appear in the future

题目详解:根据问题中?The last sentence of the passage?的提示，从文章的最后一句中?pressure from concerned citizens continues to be balanced （来自于关心这件事的公民的压力逐渐被抵消了）?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \in television programs will continue to appear in the future\符合题意。

Darwin's great work, The Origin of Species, is now generally accepted as one of the most important books ever written. But when it first came out in 1859, it was both derided（嘲笑）and bitterly condemned by scientists and laymen. Much of opposition to The Origin of Species arose from Darwin's claim that all living creatures, including man, are somehow related. Many people were outraged by the suggestion that man shared a common ancestor with animals such as apes and monkeys. They attacked Darwin for saying that man had descended from the apes. But Darwin never actually said this. He believed that modern men and modern apes have both descended from the same ancestor. But at some time in pre-history, millions of years ago, men and apes began to develop separately, and ever since have continued to take on different characteristics. Today, more than 90 years after Darwin's death, this is the opinion which scientists continue to hold. In his works, Darwin described the progression of life from its earliest forms. First came the invertebrates-creatures without a backbone. Then invertebrates evolved into fish; fish into amphibians（两栖动物）; Amphibians into reptiles; and reptiles into birds and mammals. Fossil remains found after his death show that Darwin was right. Perhaps the most amazing fact about his theory is that he managed to work it out with the aid of only a few fossil discoveries. Fossil remains were not the only information which we now possess but which Darwin lacked. He did not know that apes have the same diseases as men; nor that they and men have the same kind of blood. Nor did he know about the modern uses of radiation which enable scientists to tell age of fossil remains and so estimate the speed at which evolution has taken place.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The main claim made by Darwin in The Origin of species is that________. A . man is descended from the apes

B . apes and monkeys have a common ancestor C . apes will one day become men

D . man and apes share a common ancestor

正确答案:man and apes share a common ancestor

题目详解:根据问题中?The main claim made by Darwin?的提示，从第2段中第2句中?the suggestion that man shared a common ancestor with animals such as apes and monkeys?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

2. The Origin of species was bitterly attacked when first published_______ A . But scientists today still believe that Darwin's theories correct B . But most people quickly accepted his ideas C . But only by scientists

D . And Darwin changed his own views soon after publication

正确答案:But scientists today still believe that Darwin's theories correct

题目详解:根据问题中?The Origin of species was bitterly attacked when?的提示，从第1段中第1句中?is now generally accepted as one of the most important books ever written?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

3. The word \A . biologists B . experts

C . ordinary people D . scientists

正确答案:ordinary people

题目详解:根据问题中?The word \?的提示，从第一段的最后一句中?bitterly condemned by scientists and laymen中的 \和 \相比较?提供的信息判断，出选项中的 \符合题意。

4. According to Darwin's description of the progression of life _______. A . Reptiles evolved from birds and mammals B . Amphibians evolved from fish

C . Creatures without a backbone evolved from fish D . Fish evolved from vertebrates

正确答案:Amphibians evolved from fish

题目详解:根据问题中?Darwin's description of the progression of life?的提示，从第四段的最后一句中?fish into amphibians; amphibians into reptiles?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

5. Since Darwin's time there has been further evidence to support his theory. Which of these is NOT an example of this? A . Similarities of bone structure. B . Similarities in diseases.

C . The use of radiation to estimate the age of fossil remains. D . Similarities in blood.

正确答案:Similarities of bone structure.

题目详解:根据问题中?Which of these is NOT an example of this?的提示，从最后一段文章中?apes have the same diseases as men; nor that they and men have the same kind of blood. No did he know about the modern uses of radiation?提供的信息判断，选项中的 \符合题意。

Native Americans from the southeastern part of what is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three separate, but related, worlds: the Upper world, the Lower World, and This World. In the last there lived humans, most animals, and all plants. This World, a round island resting on the surface of waters, was suspended from the sky by four cords attached to the island at the four cardinal points of the compass. Lines drawn to connect the opposite points of the compass, from north to south and from east to west, intersected This World to divide it into four wedge-shaped segments. Thus a symbolic representation of the human world was a cross within a circle, the cross representing the intersecting lines and the circle the shape of This World. Each segment of this world was identified by its own color. According to Cherokee doctrine, east was associated with the color red because it was the direction of the Sun, the greatest deity of all. Red was also the color of fire, believed to be directly connected with the Sun, with blood, and therefore with life. Finally, red was the color of success. The west was the Moon segment; it provided no warmth and was not life-giving as the Sun was. So its color was black. North was the direction of cold, and so its color was blue (sometimes purple), and it represented trouble and defeat. South was the direction of warmth: its color, white, was associated with peace and happiness. The southeastern \was one in which opposites were constantly at war with each other, red against black, blue against white. This world hovered somewhere between the perfect order and predictability of the Upper World and the total disorder and instability of the Lower World. The goal was to find some kind of halfway path, or balance, between those other worlds.

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/znm3.html