高级口译教程 笔记 unit 9 CULTUAL EXCHANGE

高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

UNIT NINE CULTUAL EXCHANGE

第一篇

民为贵 people being the most important

巨大活力 the immense [i'mens] adj. 广大的; 巨大的; 无边的; 无量的vitality an immense territory

生动写照 vivid reflection

生存权 subsistence right [s?b'sist?ns]n. the means by which one maintains life

subsistence diet 维持生命所需要的最小限度食物 立国之本 the foundation to build the country 不懈努力 make unremitting endeavor [en'dev?]

Unremitting ['unri'miti?] adj. never slackening or stopping; unceasing; constant

相辅相成 the two are complementary to each other 民族先人 ancestor ['?nsist?]n.

be one's own ancestor 自己当始祖(指不靠父祖余荫, 自立特殊功勋)

初步繁荣昌盛 initial prosperity

吸收和借鉴 absorb and draw upon fruits of 祖国统一 reunification of the country 繁衍 multiply

伟大复兴 the great rejuvenation 先行者 forerunner

区域自治 regional autonomy [?:'t?n?mi] n. 宪法保障 protected by the Constitution 崇高目标 lofty goal

亲仁善邻 benevolence and good-neighborliness

benevolence [bi'nev?l?ns]n. inclination or tendency to help or do good to others; charity

国之宝箴 treasured maxim ['m?ksim]n. a brief expression of a general truth, principle, or rule of conduct 第二篇

millennium 千年 landmark 标志性 reclusive 避世隐居

Danish architect Jorn Utzon 丹麦设计师钧恩乌特松 with media access 有机会接触媒体 architectural icon 建筑业偶像

in the pantheon of 在??的万神殿中 pluck 淘汰

a complete one-off 空前绝后 was quite at odds with 相去甚远 rectilinear 垂直式

maverick genius 独树一帜的奇才 promontory 海角 backdrop 背景

in high dudgeon 一怒之下

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manifold difficulties 各种各样的困难 seductive beauty 有魅力的纯美 patron 资助人

文化事业cultural undertaking

跨文化交流cross-cultural communication 文化冲击culture shock 民族文化national culture 民间文化folk culture 都市文化urban culture

乡土文化native/rural/country culture 表演艺术performing art 舞台艺术stage art

流行艺术popular/pop art

高雅艺术elegant /refined /high art 电影艺术cinematographic art

汉字的四声（平声、上声、仄声和去声）the four tones of Chinese characters, namely，the level tone，the rising tone，the falling-rising tone，and the falling tone 笔画stroke 部首radical

偏旁basic character component 象形文字hieroglyph；pictograph 阴文characters cut in intaglio 阳文characters cut in relief

八股文eight-part essay；stereotyped writing 五言绝句five-character quatrain 七言律诗seven-character octave 十四行诗sonnet

抒情诗lyric；lyric poem

三幕六场剧a three-act and six-scene play 音乐舞台剧musical 木偶剧puppet show

独角戏monodrama；one-man play

皮影戏shadow play；leather-silhouette show 折子戏opera highlights 喜剧小品skit

哑剧dumb show；mime；mummery；pantomime 单口相声monologue comic talk

对口相声witty dialogue; comic cross talk 口技vocal imitation；ventriloquism 说书monologue story-telling 杂技表演acrobatic performance 亚罗汉making a human pyramid 特技stunt

采高跷stilt walk

马戏circus performance 传说legend

高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

神话mythology 万圣节Halloween 寓言fable 感恩节the Thanksgiving Day 二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms 武术martial art 天干地支the heavenly stems and earthly branches 气功controlled breathing exercise 清明节the Pure Brightness Day 气功疗法breathing technique therapy 元宵节the Lantern Festival 针灸穴位acupuncture points and meridians 端午节the Dragon Boat Festival 春联spring couplet 中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival 剪纸paper-cut 情人节the Valentine's Day 戏剧脸谱 theatrical mask 复活节Easter 国画 traditional Chinese painting 草药的四气：寒、热、温、凉：four properties of medicinal herb: cold，hot，warm and cool 草药的五味：酸、苦、甘、辛、咸：five tastes of medicinal herb: sour，bitter，sweet，hot and salty 内容与形式的统一unity of content and form

批判地吸收与继承文化遗产critically assimilating and inheriting cultural legacies

古为今用，洋为中用。Make the past serve the present and the foreign serve China.

中国是一个历史悠久、文化灿烂的多民族国家China is a multinational country with a long history and splendid culture.

题诗求对是中国古人交友择偶的一种方式。Inscribing a poem or matching an antithetical couplet was a means for one to select a friend or a spouse in ancient China． 端午时节吃棕子、赛龙舟是我们的习俗。It has been our tradition to eat rice dumplings wrapped up in reed leaves and hold dragon boat races during the Dragon Boat Festival season．

中国的春节同西方国家的圣诞节一样，是一年中最重要的节日。Like Christmas in the West，the Spring Festival，or the Chinese New Year，is China's most important festival in a year.

TEXT 1

我愿借此机会同大家谈一谈中国人民的一些基本价值观念。不了解这些，就难以把握中国正在和将要发生的事。

I would like to take this opportunity to speak to you about some basic values of the Chinese people. Without an understanding of these, it is difficult to make sense of present and future events in China.

2. 中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”。一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。中国在公元1世纪人口就已达到过6000万左右，众多人口的衣食住行，几千年来一直是中国历代政府所要解决的首要人权问题。

The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value. Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of \ogress and development of a society hinge [hind?] on human progress and development and depend on how well human dignity is

maintained and how much human value is realized. The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democratic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people. China's population reached around 60 million as early as in the first century. For several thousand years, to provide for the people's need for food, clothing, housing and transport has all along been the primary human rights challenge for successive governments in Chinese history.

3. 今天的中国是一个有13多亿人口的发展中大国，必须首先保障最广大人民的生存权和发展权，不然一切其他权利都无从谈起。中国确保13亿多人的生存权和发展权，这是对世界人权进步事业的重大贡献。集体人权与个人人权、经济社会文化权利与公民政治权利紧密结合和协调发展，这是适合中国国情因而是中国人权事业发展的必然道路。

In today's China, which is a large developing country with a population of over 1.3 billion, top priority should still be given to ensuring the greatest possible majority of its people the rights to subsistence and development. Otherwise, there would be no other rights to speak of. To ensure our people these rights is in itself a major contribution to the progress of the world human rights cause. Collective and individual human rights should be considered together and their coordinated development should be pursued, and the same considerations should be given to the development of economic, social and cultural rights on the one hand and of civil and political rights on the other: This is dictated by China's specific national conditions and therefore, is the only way to progress in human rights cause in China.

4. 中华民族历来坚持独立自主的民族精神和发展道路。中国人民把独立自主当作立国之本，在5000多年的不懈奋斗中创造了灿烂的中华文明，并在近代反抗外来侵略、实现民族解放的斗争中自立自强，最终掌握了自己的命运。独立自主、自力更生，同学习外国，吸取世界文明的成果，是相互结合、相辅相成的。中华民族的先人们早就懂得这个道理。中国的汉唐时代，都曾在这方面留下了宝贵的历史经验，当时既是中国自强不息发展自己的昌盛时期，也是积极开展对外交流，广泛吸收外来进步文化的时期。

The Chinese nation has persistently pursued an independent national spirit and road to development. We regard independence as the foundation on which to build the country. We have created a splendid Chinese civilization by making unremitting endeavor over 5,000 years. We grew stronger by relying on our own efforts in the struggle to resist foreign aggression and gain national liberation in modern times and finally became masters of our own destiny. Independence and self-reliance should not rule out learning from other countries and drawing upon the fruits of world civilization. The two are complementary to each other. Our

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高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

ancestors came to know this a long time ago. In this respect, we have valuable historical experience from the Han and Tang Dynasties. Those were periods of prosperity when China strove to develop itself on its own, and also periods when it learned extensively from foreign advanced cultures in the process of actively conducting external exchanges.

5. 今天，中国人民坚持走自己的路，进行经济政治文化建设，把祖国建设成为一个初步繁荣昌盛的社会主义国家。同时，积极吸收和借鉴世界一切先进的文明成果，这些文明成果对于中国的发展也起了重要的促进作用。当然，这种对外国文明的吸收和借鉴决不能是简单的模仿。中国既不能照抄西方资本主义国家的发展模式．也不能硬搬其他国家建设社会主义的模式，而必须走适合自己国情的发展道路。这就是建设有中国特色社会主义的道路。中国人民将坚定不移地沿着这条强国之路走下去。

Today, we Chinese people have persevered in taking our own road and engaging in the economic, political and cultural

undertakings and turning our motherland into a socialist country with initial prosperity. Meanwhile, we have earnestly absorbed and drawn upon fruits of advanced world civilization, which in turn have greatly promoted the development of China. However, it must be pointed out that the absorption and learning process is by no means one of simple imitation. China cannot copy the development model of Western capitalist countries, nor can it mechanically follow in other countries’ models of building socialism. On the contrary, it must take a road to development that is suited to its national conditions. That is the road to building socialism with Chinese characteristics. We will continue unswervingly our journey along this road leading to a strong and prosperous China.

6. 中华民族历来珍惜各民族大团结和祖国统一。中国的56个民族，从古代开始就在华夏大地上劳动和繁衍，经过长期的相互帮助、相互学习，形成了统一的多民族国家。维护中华民族的团结统一，是中华民族伟大复兴的根本基础，是全国各族人民的根本利益所在。新中国成立以后，中国在少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治，各民族的权益受到宪法保障，民族地区的社会和经济不断发展，各民族之间的平等、团结、互助关系不断加强。

The Chinese nation has always valued the great unity of all the ethnic groups and the reunification of the country. Since ancient times, people of the 56 ethnic groups have toiled and multiplied on the vast land of China. They have helped each other and learned from each other over long years and thus formed a unitary multi-ethnic country. Safeguarding solidarity and unity of the Chinese nation is the very foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and is where the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups lie. Since the founding of the people's republic, regional autonomy has been practiced in places where ethnic minorities live in compact communities. The rights and interests of all the ethnic groups are protected by the Constitution.

Continued social and economic progress has been made in the regions inhabited by ethnic groups. The relations between different ethnic groups based on equality, solidarity and mutual help have been growing

7. 中国民主革命的伟大先行者孙中山先生早就指出：“中国是一个统一的国家，这一点已牢牢地印在我国的历史意识之中，正是这种意识，才使找们能作为一个国家而被保存下来。”中华文明绵绵几千年，国家统一始终是中国历史的主流。维护国家统一，是中国人民世世代代极其珍视的崇高目标。世界上只有一个中国，实现中国的完全统一是全体中国人民的共同愿望。

Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution pointed out, \already been deeply imprinted in its historical identity. It is this identity that has kept us together as one country.\civilization of several thousand years, to keep the nation unified has always been the mainstream in history and a lofty goal that the Chinese people have cherished from generation to generation. There is but one China in the world. The realization of China's complete reunification is the common aspiration of the entire Chinese people.

8. 中华民族历来爱好自由和平。中国人民始终希望天下太平、希望同各国人民友好相处。“亲仁善邻”一直为我们的先人们奉为国之宝箴。中国人民在近代饱受战争和被侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。任何一个国家的建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。任何一个国家和民族的自由．都是一切个人自由的前提和基础。我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫、歧视和欺凌的自由。

The Chinese nation always loves freedom and peace. The Chinese people have always longed for peace prevailing across the world and wish to live in harmony with the people of all the other countries. \

regarded as a treasured maxim by our ancestors. In modern times, the Chinese people suffered immensely from the scourge of war and aggression, so now they feel all the more strongly the value of freedom and peace. The nationbuilding and development of each and every country requires a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment. Freedom of a country and nation serves as a precondition and basis for the freedom of all its individuals. It is our hope that the people of all countries can live in a world free from war and violence and free from suppression, discrimination and bullying.

9. 中国人民选择和实践的社会主义发展道路和各项基本的内外政策，源于现代中国历史发展的必然，也源于中华民族千百年来形成的优良民族传统，因而具有历史和现实的充分依据和牢固基础。我们的目标是，到中华人民共和国成立，百周年时，基本实行现代化，把中国建成富强民主文明的社会主义国家。中国人民有信心克服和战胜前进道路上出现的各种困难和风险，实现我们的伟大目标。

The road to socialist development and the basic domestic and foreign policies chosen and followed by the Chinese people have their origin in the logical historical development of modern China and in the fine national tradition of the Chinese nation formed over thousands of years. Therefore，they are well founded and firmly grounded in terms of both history and reality. Our goal is to realize modernization by and large and turn China into a strong prosperous，democratic and culturally-advanced socialist country by the centennial birthday of the People's Republic of China．We are confident that we will brave and overcome all the difficulties and risks on our way forward and attain this great goal．

TEXT 2

As the fifth of the lecture series \Greatest Arts of the Past Millennium\I'd like to introduce briefly Australia's Sydney Opera House, which is one of the landmark buildings of modern times,

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高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

and its creator, the reclusive great Danish architect Jorn Utzon.

The Sydney Opera House is the mother and father of all modern landmark buildings. Although its architect was forced to resign and it was. never properly finished inside, the opera house has come to define not only a city, but also an entire nation and continent.

Beyond that, it is a global expression of cultural modernity. Everyone in the world with media access knows what the Sydney Opera House looks like. First designed in 1957 and finally declared complete in 1973, the opera house was the single best-known modern building in the world until the arrival of Frank Gehry's equally extraordinary Bilbao Guggenheim in 1997. But it will outlive the Guggenheim as an international architectural icon - because it did all the difficult work first.

In the pantheon of classic modern buildings, Utzon's creation has the status of myth. The myth states that the unknown architect, then in his early thirties, submitted rough sketches to the competition judges, that he ignored most of the rules, that his design was only selected after being plucked at the last moment from the reject pile by one of the judges, and that the design was unbuildable.

But Sydney is remarkable for another reason: it is a complete one-off. It does not fit into any stylistic or chronological category. None of Utzon's other buildings - churches, government departments, houses - looks anything like it, and architects today who try to copy his concept always end up looking very second-rate indeed. It is \certainly, but it is an expressive modernism that was quite at odds with the rectilinear \more in common with the work of the American maverick genius Frank Lloyd Wright, for whom Utzon worked briefly. Of course, its unique location is an enormous help, sitting as it does on a promontory with water on three sides and the famous Sydney Harbour Bridge as a picture-postcard backdrop. But Utzon masterfully exploited the site as nobody else could.

Utzon left Australia in high dudgeon in 1966, never to return，before he could finish designing the interior．

As with Sir Christopher Wren at the world-renowned St Paul's Cathedral，Utzon was humiliated

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高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

and removed from overseeing the final stages of his masterwork．But for all his manifold difficulties，which other contemporary architect can claim an equivalent achievement?

The Sydney Opera House showed us that anything is possible, and it demonstrated that sheer，seductive beauty for its own sake is nothing to be ashamed of，but everything to be proud of. 作为“千年艺术杰作”系列讲座之五，我想简要介绍一下现代标志性的建筑物之一澳大利亚的悉尼歌剧院，以及这个作品的创作者、避世幽居的丹麦建筑设计大师约恩·乌特松。

悉尼歌剧院是现代社会所有划时代建筑物的先驱。虽然歌剧院的设计师被迫辞职，虽然歌剧院的内装潢从未圆满竣工，但是这件作品已不仅仅是一座城市的标志，而且也是一个国家和一个洲的象征。

除此以外，悉尼歌剧院还是文化现代性的一种全球性表述。每个有机会接触媒体的人都知道悉尼歌剧院的外貌。这座于1957年设计并于1973年宣布最后竣工的歌剧院一直是全世界最著名的现代建筑物，其建筑艺术的领先地位一直保持到1997年，那年出现了一座可以与悉尼歌剧院相媲美的非凡建筑物，这就是由弗兰克·格里设计的西班牙毕尔巴鄂市的古根海姆博物馆。但是，作为国际建筑业的一个偶像，悉尼歌剧院那名垂青史的地位是古根海姆博物馆不可企及的，因为悉尼歌剧院是一名披荆斩棘的开路先锋。

在现代建筑经典作品的万神殿中，乌特松的创作颇为传奇。传奇的是，当时这位名不见经传的建筑师在向竞选评委会递交设计草图时年仅30出头，他对大多数规则都置之不理，他的设计方案只是在最后一刻由一位评委从淘汰的纸堆中抢出来的，当时他的设计方案被认为是不可能成为建筑物的。

悉尼歌剧院的非凡之处还在于它是一件十足的空前绝后的作品。它不隶属哪一种风格，也不隶属哪一个年代。在乌特松的所有其他作品中，如教堂、政府办公楼、住宅等，找不到悉尼歌剧院的模样。今天那些试图袭用他的设计理念的人最终只能落个二流之辈。毋庸置疑，悉尼歌剧院是一件“现代”作品，但它同时也是一件表现性的现代主义作品，与同时代的垂直式“国际风格”相去甚远。悉尼歌剧院与美国怪才弗兰克·劳埃德·怀特的作品却有着较多的相似处。当然，悉尼歌剧院坐享得天独厚的地理位置：雄踞岬角，三面环水，明信片似的衬托背景是著名的悉尼港大桥。而乌特松对这个位置的淋漓尽致的巧妙利用，可谓超群绝伦，盖世无双。

1966年，乌特松一怒之下丢下了未完成的歌剧院的内部设计工作，愤然离开了澳大利亚，自此一去不归。

正如举世闻名的圣保罗大教堂的设计师克里斯托弗·雷恩爵士一样，乌特松在完成其杰作的最后阶段

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高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

遭人羞辱，被迫离职。但是，就乌特松所遇到各种各样困难而言，当代建筑师中有哪一位能说自己也取得了同样的成就呢？

悉尼歌剧院告诉我们，任何事情都是可能的。悉尼歌剧院向我们表明，对于追求富有魅力的纯美的唯美理念来说，没有任何羞耻之处，有的只是骄傲之处。

PASSAGE 1

建交以来，中美两国人民之间的交往不断扩大。两国已缔结了33对友好省州和123对姊妹城市。去年，到中国旅游的美国人多达131万人次。中国赴美探亲、求学、经商的有44万人次。

中国有超过18万人曾在美国留学，目前在读的留学生有6万余人。而在中国学习的美国留学生只有约3000人，位居外国在华留学人数第3位。中美在教育领域的交流与合作还有很大发展空间。

中国绝大多数大中小学生都学习英语，总人数超过1.2亿。美国已有近1000所高校和200多所中小学开设了中文课程，华人华侨开办了近600所中文学校。去年11月，第一所孔子学院在马里兰大学创建。但与中美交往的需要相比，美国的汉语教学任重道远。

今年10月，中国文化部和美国肯尼迪表演艺术中心将在华盛顿共同举办2005年“中国艺术节”，600多名中国艺术家将登台献艺或举办展览。这是中美两国文化交流的又一盛事。

中美两国人民相互怀有友好感情，美国卡通形象“米老鼠”在中国深受小朋友喜爱，中国篮球运动员姚明在美国也是家喻户晓。不断深化和扩大两国人民的交流与合作，增进相互了解与友谊，将有助于夯实中美建设性合作关系的社会基础，也有助于更好地服务两国人民的利益。

中国人民自古以来的哲学思想就是“和为贵”、“和而不同”，我们历来主张中美两国文明虽有不同，却不相斥；虽有差异，却能交融。

作为世界上有重要影响的大国，中美应该相互尊重、相互学习、求同存异、取长补短，为不同国家、不同文明之间和谐共存、进行建设性合作树立榜样，为实现人类的共同发展作出贡献。

去年8月，美国波士顿斯诺敦公立高中的9名学生来到中国，到河北和北京与中国学生开展了为期半个月的“美中城市学生看中国”活动。两国学生在河北八卦岭走访农家，参加农村社区服务活动，互相教授英语和汉语；在北京参观长城、故宫等景点，并就校园生活、升学就业等主题进行交流。

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高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

活动中，两国学生克服语言和文化障碍，超越习俗和偏见，通过沟通和互动，结下了深厚的友谊。美国学生学会了唱中国歌曲《茉莉花》、画中国山水画。“我们喜欢中国！”是他们由衷的心声。中国学生练就了标准的美式发音，还学会了跳美国街舞（Hip-Hop）。依依惜别之时，两国学生彼此承诺：努力学习，健康成长，未来再相会。

青少年代表着世界的未来。从两国学生的身上，我看到了中美人民间的深厚友谊，看到了中美关系的光明前景。我相信，中美关系的明天一定会更加美好。

明天属于未来一代，创造美好的明天则是我们这一代人必须承担的责任。让我们立足当前，放眼长远，从战略的高度审视和处理中美关系，认真落实两国领导人达成的共识，坚持中美三个联合公报的指导原则，牢牢把握两国共同利益，加强对话、交流与合作，努力消除误解，妥善处理分歧，推动中美建设性合作关系不断向前发展。

中国人民自古以来的哲学思想就是“和为贵”、“和而不同”，我们历来主张中美两国文 明虽有不同，却不相斥；虽有差异，却能交融。作为世界上有重要影响的大国，中美应该相 互尊重、相互学习、求同存异、取长补短，为不同国家、不同文明之间和谐共存、进行建设 性合作树立榜样，为实现人类的共同发展作出贡献。去年 8 月，美国波士顿斯诺敦公立高中的9名学生来到中国，到河北和北京与中国学生开展了为期半个月的“美中城市学生看中国” 活动。//

活动中，两国学生克服语言和文化障碍，超越习俗和偏见，通过沟通和互动，结下了深 厚的友谊。美国学生学会了唱中国歌曲《茉莉花》、画中国山水画。“我们喜欢中国！”是他 们由衷的心声。中国学生练就了标准的美式发音，还学会了跳美国街舞。依依惜别之时，两 国学生彼此承诺：努力学习，健康成长，未来再相会。//

Since ancient times, China's prevailing philosophy has been one that preaches \\easily get along with each other instead of repelling each other.As major countries of global influence, China and the United States should respect and learn from each other,

seek common ground while shelving differences, and complement each other with

respective strengths. In so doing, we can set a good example for different countries and civilizations to live side by side harmoniously and engage in constructive cooperation, making a

contribution to the common development of humanity. Last August, nine U.S. students from

Snowden National School in Boston joined Chinese students in Hebei and Beijing in a 15-day program entitled “U. S. and Chinese City Students View China.”//

During the program, the students overcame language and cultural barriers, rose above perhaps

one-sided views, and forged deep friendship through communication and interaction. The U.S. students learnt to sing the Chinese song “Jasmine” and paint landscape with Chinese brushes. “We like China.” These are words from the bottom of their hearts. The Chinese students learnt quite standard American English pronunciation and the American hip-hop. When it came to the time of parting, the students promised to each other that they would study hard, keep fit and meet again in the future.//

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高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

PASSAGE 2

Today I'd like to address the topic of \as I understand it, and in that connection, I'd like to say a few words about the implications of multiculturalism for cross-cultural communication.

Some people say that the United States is \platter. \described as a multicultural society in which acculturation is defined more in terms of \than \In other words, people in the United States today can maintain some original cultural identity and values and participate meaningfully in the larger society.

The melting pot myth is never true. The United States has always been a heterogeneous society with cohesion based partly on mutual respect and partly on one group's values dominating all others. The salad platter analogy suggests that the elements of the salad maintain their own taste or identity but exist together to create the whole.

Some people argue that multiculturalism has not meant the integration of diverse cultures, but an acceptance by the dominant ethnic category of the \the cultural minorities.

I think that the debate over multiculturalism is essentially the debate over whose values will be imposed. In a true multicultural society, individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds exist without socially enforced power differences. But that is not the case, at least, with the United States.

Perhaps there has never been such a thing as monocultural society. Indeed, each person is of many cultures simultaneously. One has a sexual identity, a racial identity, a religious identity, a class identity, a school identity, an identity from the friends one keeps, a family identity, a geographic identity, and so on. We tend to be relatively unconscious of other cultures, and unfortunately, much hostility is created by our ignorance of other cultures and the failure to recognize their existence.

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高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

In many societies there is hierarchy of status and power. The power elites need not be the majority. The power elites are the individuals who have influence within the social, political, legal, economic, and religious institutions. In the United States, the power elite controls both the material resources and goods of the country and the means and manner of production and distribution.

In the United States, when you speak of upper, middle and lower classes you speak not of national origin or ethnicity but of power and control over material resources. Youthful, able-bodied White males today largely hold economic power in the United States. Whites in the United States recognize the existence of a White culture. White culture resulted from a synthesis of ideas, values and beliefs inherited from European ethnic groups in the United States. As the dominant culture in the United States, White culture is the foundation of social norms and organizations.

In terms of cross-cultural communication, the dominant White culture includes communication patterns of Standard English, direct eye contact, limited physical contact, and controlled emotions. Nondominant groups are supposed to follow that pattern in one way or another.

A multicultural society, therefore, faces the communication challenges presented by multiple language use, contrasting values, and cultural prejudice.

PRACTICE 3

体育运动是人类的共同语言，是促进和平与发展的重要因素。自远古时代起，体育运动就已超越种族、肤色、文化的差异，承载起人类对和平美好世界的向往与追求。诞生于两千多年前的奥林匹克精神，就是这一追求的具体体现。

Sport is a universal language of humanity, and is an important factor in promoting peace and development. Since ancient times, sport has become a carrier of humanity’s pursuit of a peaceful world among races, colors and cultures.

自19世纪末顾拜旦先生首创现代奥运会以来，世界人民对和平的向往和对奥林匹克理想的追求从未动摇。联合国的成立及《联合国宪章》宗旨与原则的确立，在维护世界和平、促进社会发展的同时，也推动了奥林匹克精神的传播与发扬。 In the view of the Chinese delegation, in our times in the 21st century, all countries should continue to uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and actively advocate the Olympic spirit so as to

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高级口译教程 笔记 Unit 9 Culture Exchange

enhance the dialogue and exchanges among civilizations and promote steady economic and social progress throughout the world.

中国代表团认为，在21世纪的今天，世界各国仍应继续坚持《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，积极倡导奥林匹克精神，增进不同文明间的对话与交流，推动世界社会经济不断向前发展。

Sport and physical education are activities undertaken in humanity's ceaseless pursuit of the Olympic ideal. Sport not only builds one's physique, but also teaches communication, cooperation, respect for others, and acceptance of failure. As such, it is an important medium for strengthening ties among different civilizations. We support the consideration of the sub-item entitled \Year of Sport and Physical Education\Tunisia for its initiative in this regard.

奥林匹克理想是人类不断的追求，体育运动和体育教育则是实现这一追求的具体实践。体育不仅让人拥有强健的体魄，更让人学会沟通、合作、尊重他人，以及学会接受失败，是不同文明和价值观之间加强联系的重要媒介。

The Olympic ideal is a ceaseless pursuit of humanity, whose practice is Sport and physical education. Sport not only builds our physique, but also teaches communication, cooperation, respect for others, and acceptance of failure. It is an important medium between different cultures.

现代奥林匹克运动将人类追求和平、发展和自强不息的精神进一步发扬光大，奥林匹克“更高、更快、更强”的理念已深深根植世界人民和青年心中。

体育是教育年轻人的一个强有力的工具。体育有利于年轻人的身心健康

最后，请允许我引用希腊外长帕潘德里欧在今年联大一般性辩论中的讲话结束我今天的发言，“让我们重申对奥林匹克理想赖以建立的和平合作精神的承诺，让我们从联合国这一象征和平的组织发出一个信息：努力实现和平的奥林匹克，并最终实现更加和平的世界”。

Please allow me to conclude my statement with a quotation from the address by Foreign Minster Papandreou of Greece in this years' general debate: %us reaffirm our commitment to the spirit of peaceful cooperation upon which the Olympics were founded. Let us send a symbolic message from the international body of peace for a peaceful Olympics, and ultimately, for a more peaceful world.\

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