英语二 - 强化班 - 阅读理解新题型讲义

阅读理解B节

第一部分 标题对应 Passage One Directions:

Read the following text and answer questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

[A] Follow on Lines

[B] Whisper: Keep It to Yourself [C] Word of Experience: Stick to It [D] Code of Success: Freed and Targeted [E] Efficient Work to Promote Efficient Workers [F] Recipe: Simplicity Means Everything [G] Efficiency Comes from Order

Every decade has its defining self-help business book. In the 1940s it was How to Win Friends and Influence People, in the 1900s The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People. These days we’re worried about something much simpler: Getting Things Done.

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That’s the title of productivity guru David Allen’ pithy 2001 treatise on working

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efficiently, which continues to resonate in this decade’s overworked, overwhelmed, overteched workplace. Allen hasn’t just sold 500,000 copies of his book. He has preached his message of focus, discipline and creativity everywhere from Sony and Novartis to the World Bank and the U.S. Air Force. He counsels swamped chief executives on coping with information overload. He ministers to some clients with an intensive, two-day, $6,000 private session in which he and his team organize their lives from top to bottom. And he has won the devotion of acolytes who document on their blogs how his Getting Things Done (GTD) program has changed their lives.

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Allen admits that much of his basic recipe is common sense. Free your mind and productivity will follow. Break down projects and goals into discrete, definable actions, and you won’t be bothered by all those loose threads pulling at your attention. First make decisions about what needs to get done, and then fashion a plan for doing it. If you’ve cataloged everything you have to do and all your long-term goals, Allen says, you’re less likely to wake up at 3 a.m. worrying about whether you’ve forgotten something: “ Most people haven’t realized how out of control their head is when they get 300 e-mails a day and each of them has potential meaning.”

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When e-mails, phone calls and to-do lists are truly under control, Allen says, the real change begins. You will finally be able to use your mind to dream up great ideas and enjoy your life rather than just occupy it with all the things you’ve got to do. Allen himself, despite running a $5.5 million consulting practice, traveling 200 days a year, finds time to joyride in his Mini Cooper and sculpture.

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Few companies have embraced Allen’s philosophy as thoroughly as General Mills, the Minnesota-based maker of Cheerios and Lucky Charms, Allen began at the company with a couple of private coaching sessions for top executives, who raved about his guidance. Allen and his staff now hold six to eight two-day training sessions a year. The company has already put more than 2,000 employees through GTD training and plans to expand it company-wide. “Fads come and go,” says Kevin Wilde, General Mills’ CEO, “ but this continues to work.”

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The most fevered followers of Allen’s organizational methodology gather online Websites like gtdindex. marvelz. com parse Allen’s every utterance. The 43 Folders blog ran an eight-part pod-cast interview with him. GTD enthusiasts like Frank Meeuwsen, on whatsthenextaction.com gather best practice techniques for implementing the book’s ideas. More then 60 software tools have been built specifically to supplement Allen’s system.

Passage Two

Directions:

Read the following text and answer questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)

[A] Experience or material purchase: complicated happiness. [B] Negative purchase is not fulfilling.

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[C] Think twice before you leap.

[D] Bad purchase experience: slow to adapt to.

[E] Good memory vs. bad memory: which is more forgettable? [F] Money can’t buy happiness? Not necessarily. [G] How materialistic are you? It makes a difference.

Accumulating stuff may no longer be fashionable, as consumers look for other ways to find pleasure, such as spending more time with the family. But what if they’re wrong? What if fulfillment really could be found in buying that iPod or jewelry you’ve been hungering for?

Consumer behavior research has found all sorts of lessons about how we shop. So it’s not surprising that a forthcoming study shatters some myths about materialism. 41._______________________________________________________

The old saying goes “Money can’t buy happiness,” but people usually mean “Material goods can’t buy happiness.” Spending time with the wife and kids on a camping trip costs money, but this spending is worthwhile and pleasurable. “Most people think materialism is not a good thing,” says Joseph K. Goodman, one of the authors of the study. “They think you’re not going to get happiness through possessions.” He says that the prevailing view among psychologists has long been that, experiential purchases tend to be “better” purchases than material purchases. Sometimes, being materialistic really can make you happier.

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Goodman conducted three experiments. Two experiments asked the participants to recall both material and experiential purchases, and rate how happy the purchase

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makes them feel. In the third, participants thought of three positive or negative purchases, and then rated them on how materialistic and how experiential those purchase were. They then rated their happiness with those purchases. Goodman found that the participants rated positive experiential purchases as more fulfilling than positive material purchases. As expected, memory seemed to favor good experiences. But when it came to purchases that participants later found regrettable, the results were turned over. “When a purchase turns out negatively, experience leads to less happiness.” Goodman says.

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Why would such bad experiences be especially negative? It turns out that we can’t always get over the bad things we remember. Our most cherished memories are experiences rather than material things. Good memories stick around, so do the bad memories. “Our adaptation to negative experiences is not fast,” says Goodman. He also points out that if you buy a couch that looks bad, you will get over this easily and adapt to that faster than a terrible vacation even if that cost you less than the couch. 44.______________________________________________________

But not all people feel the same way about what they buy. The study also tries to take into account people who prefer materialistic things. So Goodman gave his participants a test to determine how important materialistic values are to them. He found that the more materialistic things mattered to a person, the less those people made a distinction between material and experiential purchases. “When a positive experience happens to them, they don’t seem to be any happier than with a material purchase,” says Goodman.

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