2012级 CET4 翻译练习素材及词汇.doc

CET 4 翻译练习素材及词汇

1. 旅游

上海是世界闻名的大都市，也是中国第一大商业城市。上海市高楼林立，灯火映天，素有“远东明珠”的世界级声誉。美丽的外滩（the Bund），缤纷的南京路、淮海路以其夺目的光彩展示着大上海的无穷魅力。上海有“购物天堂”之说，这里商品荟萃，市中心南京路有全国著名的百货、食品及特产商店（specialty store），五光十色，被誉为“中国美丽的橱窗”。

Shang北京翻译公司ai is world-renowned metropolis and the biggest commercial city in China. Because of its numerous brihttp://www.huanyuyida.comhtly lit skyscrapers, Shanghai enjoys an international reputation as the “Pearl in the Far East”. Its infinite glamour is vividly shown by the beautiful bund and prosperous and illuminating Nanjing Road and Huaihai Road. As a paradise for shoppers, Shanghai has all kinds of merchandise/commodities on display. Nanjing Road in the city center is lined with nationally known department stores, food stores and specialty stores. The colorful display of commodities won the road the reputation of a beautiful shopping window (showcase) of China.

长城是一段一段地建造起来的，当时是为了防止北方游牧民族入侵。公元前221年秦始皇统一中国后，连接并增修了公元前5世纪原秦、燕、赵三国建造的长城。以后汉、隋、唐、宋、元、明等各朝又继续加固，增修长城，今天人们看到的长城基本上是明朝的长城。长城多处都成了废墟，但有几处已经修复，最有名的是八达岭长城，每天都吸引了数以万计的游人。

The Great Wall was built section by section to keep out the nomads from the north. In 221 B.C. after Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty, united China, the sections of the Great Wall built by the kingdoms of Qin, Yan, and Zhao in the 5th century B.C. were linked and extended. The subsequent dynasties, including Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming, etc., continued to strengthen and extend the wall.

Today the Great Wall you see is basically the wall of the Ming Dynasty. Much of the Great Wall is now in ruins, but several sections have been restored. The best known is the Great Wall at Badaling, which attracts tens of thousands of visitors every day.

名胜古迹 scenic spots and historic sites 兵马俑 terracotta warriors and horses 四合院 traditional-style single-story houses 字画 calligraphy and painting 纪念品 souvenir 避暑胜地 summer resort 院子 courtyard 壮观的；壮丽的 spectacular

有??历史 to have a history of …years 占地面积达?? to occupy/cover an area of… 2. 体育

中国发展体育运动的目的是要通过在人民中普及体育运动，增强人民体质、提高整个国家的运动技能、创造新纪录，来促进国家经济、道德和文化的发展。中华民族传统体育是中国体育事业的重要组成部分，是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产。许多优秀的民族传统体育项目，不仅具有很强的健身价值，而且还有很高的艺术价值和丰富的娱乐、教育功能。

The purpose of developing physical culture and sports in China is to popularize sports among the people, strengthen their health, improve the sporting skills of the country as a whole and create new records, thus helping to promote the country’s economic as well as ethical and cultural development. Traditional ethnic sports are an important part of China’s sports activities, as well as a precious cultural heritage. Many of the traditional ethnic sports activities are not only good for health but also have high artistic value, and rich recreational and educational functions.

中国武术历史悠久，深受老百姓喜爱，因为它可以让人强身健体。根据中医理论，武术分内功和外功。外功是指锻炼筋、骨、皮，而内功指锻炼身体内部器官。所以，经常练习武术，可以强健筋骨，还可以调节神经中枢系统，改进心血管、消化和呼吸功能。武术练习强度不同，形式也多种多样，人们可以根据自己的年龄、兴趣和身体状况进行选择。

The time-honored art of wushu is very popular among the people because of its proven value in health building. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, wushu exercises consist of both “external” and “internal” exercises. The “external” exercises refer to exercises to benefit the muscles, bones and skin, whereas the “internal” exercises refer to exercises to benefit the internal organs. Constant practice of wushu helps not only to strengthen muscles and bones, but also to regulate the central nervous system and improve the cardiovascular, digestive and respiratory functions. As wushu exercises are varied in intensity as well as in form, they offer an abundant choice to people differing in age, interest and health condition.

免疫力 immunity 顽强拼搏的精神风貌 never-say-die spirit 户外运动 outdoor sports 体育道德 sportsmanship 攀岩 rock climbing 蹦极 bunjee jumping 民族传统体育 traditional ethnic sports 推广奥林匹克理念 to promote the Olympic ideals 奥运标志 Olympic mark/logo 世界纪录保持着 world-record holder

3. 教育

中国的教育方针是：教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德、智、体全面发展的建设者和接班人。我们的教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来。我们要建立适应社会主义现代化建设需要，面向21世纪，具有中国特色的社会主义教育体系。中国教育有四大部分——基础教育、职业技术教育、高等教育和成人教育。

The guidelines for China’s education are: Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed morally, intellectually, and physically. Our education is geared to the needs of modernization, the world, and the future. We want to develop a socialist education system with distinct Chinese characteristics that meet the needs of socialist modernization and are oriented to the 21st century. There are four major types of education in China, namely, basic education, vocational and technical education, higher education, and adult education.

我们要优先发展教育，加大政府对教育的投入。要大力推进素质教育，加强学校思想政治工作，促进学生德智体美全面发展。加强基础教育，特别是加快贫困地区和少数民族地区普及九年义务教育步伐。改革课程教材，更新教学内容，提高教育质量。全面提高教师思想和业务素质。加快教育信息化建设，积极发展现代远程教育。

We must give priority to the development of education and the government will increase its input in education. We will intensify our efforts to improve quality-oriented education and strengthen ideological and political work at schools in order to help our students improve their moral qualities, intellectual ability, physical fitness and aesthetic appreciation. We will strengthen basic education and pay particular attention to quickening the pace of making nine-year compulsory education universal in poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by ethnic minority

groups. We intend to reform the curriculum and teaching materials, updating the instructional content and improving the quality of teaching. The ideological level and professional competence of teachers should be raised in an all-round way. We will accelerate the application of IT to education and develop modern distance education.

素质教育 quality-oriented education 应试教育 examination-oriented education 创新精神 creativity/innovation 实践能力 practical ability 扫盲 to eliminate illiteracy 考研热 the craze for graduate school 远程教育 distance education/learning 文科大学 university of liberal arts

理工科大学 university of science and engineering 教育公平 education equity 4. 历史

宋朝的创始人建立了有效的中央集权制；广泛任用民间的学术文人；地方的军事官员及其党羽都被中央任命的官员所替代。这种官员体系使得宋朝的权利比以往任何朝代都更集中在皇帝和官僚机构的手中。宋朝在城市发展方面是非常显著的，这不单指其在管理上的职能，而且还包括其作为贸易、工业和海上贸易的中心的职能。

The founders of the Song Dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with many civilian scholar-officials. Regional military officers and their supporters were replaced by officials appointed by the central government. This system of civil service led to a greater concentration of power of the emperor and his palace bureaucracy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties. The Song Dynasty is

notable for the development of cities not only in terms of administrative functions but also as centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce.

孙中山（Sun Yat-sen）先生是站在时代前列的历史伟人，是伟大的爱国主义者，是中国民主革命的伟大先驱（vanguard; pioneer）。他为追求民族独立、民主自由和民生幸福贡献了毕生精力。孙中山先生的革命思想和实践，对近现代中国产生了巨大的震撼和深远的影响。这是辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911）伟大精神之所在，也是中华民族伟大精神之所在。

Dr. Sun Yat-sen was a great figure in history, who stood in the vanguard of his times, and he was a great patriot and a great pioneer of the Chinese democratic revolution. He devoted his whole life to national independence, democracy, freedom and people’s welfare. Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary thought and action had an earthquaking and far-reaching impact on modern and contemporary China. This is where the great spirits of both the Revolution of 1911 and the Chinese people lie.

历史上的 historical 历史性的 historic 历史古迹 historical site

出土文物 unearthed cultural relics 古建筑群 ancient architectural complex

中国文明的发祥地 the birthplace of the Chinese civilization 皇城 imperial city 奴隶社会 slave society 封建社会 feudal society 资本主义社会 capitalist society 5. 文化

舞狮以及在表演时表现出的特技，让这项传统技艺成为许多中学热门的课外活动，提供了娱乐与运动的健康组合。在长时间的练习之后，学生们总是花光他们的精力，而不会在街上闲晃或玩游戏机。舞狮培养了身体的力量、敏捷度（agility）、持久力（endurance）以及团队合作的能力。这些重要的因素给了这项历史久远的传统更深层的意义。

Lion dancing and the acrobatics that accompany the performances have become popular extracurricular activities at many high schools, offering a healthy combination of entertainment and exercise. After the long practice sessions, students usually run out of energy and are too exhausted to fool around on the street or play video games. Lion dancing develops physical strength, agility and endurance as well as the ability to work as a team. Those are important elements that give the age-old tradition further meaning.

中国的民间工艺有很悠久的历史，民间工艺品和当地人民的日常生活和风俗传统紧密相连。在广大农村，它还是一项重要的副业生产。中国大约有一百多种民间工艺品，包括各种各样的刺绣、地毯、编织、泥塑和面塑玩具、剪纸、风筝、灯彩等等。中华民族是包括56个兄弟民族组成的大家庭，各个少数民族都有自己独特风格的民间工艺品。

China’s folk arts and crafts have a very long history. The products are closely related to local people’s daily life as well as customs and tradition. It is also an important sideline-occupation in the vast rural areas. In China, there are over 100 kinds of folk arts and crafts products, including a variety of embroidery, carpets, woven-work, clay and dough toys, paper cuts, kites, and decorative lanterns. China’s 56 ethnic groups all have their special arts and crafts products.

文化产业 culture industry 主流文化 mainstream culture

表演艺术 performing art 本质；精髓 essence

民间工艺 folk arts and crafts 大受欢迎 to be well received

言论自由和新闻自由 freedom of speech and information 普通话 mandarin Chinese 古籍文献 ancient documents 博大精深、源远流长的中华民族传统文化 the extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture

6. 经济

我们对中美经贸合作的前景充满信心。也许道路是不平坦的，但前途一定是光明的。纵观国际形势，中美两国经贸合作正面临一个难得的重要战略机遇期。中美在经贸领域相互依存、互利共赢、你中有我、我中有你的格局已经初步形成。美国的经济已开始复苏。同时，中国的经济将在今后相当长一个时期内保持良好的发展势头。

We for one have full confidence in the future of China-US trade and economic cooperation. The road ahead might not be all smooth sailing, but the prospect is surely promising. Internationally, China-US economic partnership faces a rare strategic opportunity. A pattern featuring economic interdependence, mutual benefit and win-win, a pattern of each having something of the other, is taking shape. The US economy has started its long-awaited rebound. And China’s economy will maintain a sound growth momentum for a considerably long time to come.

改革开放以来，中国政府在坚持公有制的同时，鼓励多种经济成分的发展。个体和私营经济得到较快发展。2007年，全国个体和私营企业达3,171万家，吸纳就业人数1.27亿。个体私营经济大多分布在二、三产业，点多面广，经营灵活，

求新求快，不仅丰富了商品市场，也提供了多样化的社会服务，极大地方便了城乡居民的生活。

Since the adoption of the policies of reform and opening up to the outside world, the Chinese government began to encourage the development of diversified economic elements while maintaining public ownership. As a result, the private sector has developed rapidly. In 2007, there were a total of 31.71 million private business, employing 127 million people. Most private businesses are involved in the secondary and tertiary industries. With numerous business establishments, wide coverage, flexible operation and quick response to new demands, private businesses have not only enriched market supply but also provided diverse social services for the convenience of urban and rural residents.

经济体制改革 economic restructuring

增强竞争力 enhance (increase, sharpen) the competitiveness 刺激内需 stimulate domestic demand 经济危机 economic crisis 经济增长 economic growth

经济技术开发区 economic and technological development zone 加快经济发展 to accelerate the development of economy 通货膨胀/紧缩 inflation/deflation

第一/第二/第三产业 the primary/secondary/tertiary industry 技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业

technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-intensive/knowledge-intensive industries

个体、私营和民营企业 private owned enterprises/private businesses 国有企业 state-owned enterprises 民营企业 private enterprises 个体经营者 individually-run businesses

7. 科技

南极特殊的地理位置，使其成为研究空间物理和宇宙学的良好场所；保留在冰雪中的陨石是南极奉献给人类的一份科学厚礼，对南极陨石的研究将有助于科学家探索星空的奥秘，也许还能揭开宇宙间生物起源的奥秘。南极丰富的生物资源和矿产资源一直对人类构成了巨大的吸引力，也许若干年后，南极洲将作为人类最后的矿藏基地被开发利用。

The special geographical position of Antarctica makes it a good place for space physics and cosmology research. The meteorites preserved in the ice are scientific gifts for mankind, as they are significant in the exploration of the cosmos and may be helpful in unlocking the secrets of the origin of life in the universe. In addition, the abundant biotic and mineral resources of Antarctic have always been an attraction for human beings. In the future, Antarctic may be the last mineral base to be explored.

目前，我们已经实现了科教兴国战略提出的一部分目标，建立了基本上适应社会主义市场经济体制和科技自身发展规律的科技体制。我们在工农业科学研究与技术开发、基础性研究、高技术研究等方面取得了重大进展。科技进步对经济发展的贡献率有显著提高。经济建设、社会发展基本转向依靠科技进步和提高劳动者素质的轨道。

Now we have achieved/gained/reached some of the objectives of the strategy of rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education. We have established/set up/founded a scientific and technological system that on the whole fits in with the socialist market economy and the laws of development of science and technology. We have made considerable progress in scientific research and technological development in industry and agriculture, basic research and high-tech research and we have markedly raised the contribution rate of science and

technology to economic development. We have, by and large, promoted economic construction and social development by replying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of the workforce.

自主创新 independent innovation 创新型国家 innovative country 航天飞机 硬件/软件 人造卫星 科学发展观 提高人民的科学素质 天文 核心技术 人工智能 space shuttle hardware/software man-made satellite

the Scientific Outlook on Development to raise the scientific literacy of the people astronomy core technologies artificial intelligence

technology to economic development. We have, by and large, promoted economic construction and social development by replying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of the workforce.

自主创新 independent innovation 创新型国家 innovative country 航天飞机 硬件/软件 人造卫星 科学发展观 提高人民的科学素质 天文 核心技术 人工智能 space shuttle hardware/software man-made satellite

the Scientific Outlook on Development to raise the scientific literacy of the people astronomy core technologies artificial intelligence

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