The Trial That Rocked the World高级英语第三版第一册第四课翻译和词汇

Lesson 4 The Trial That Rocked the World

震撼世界的审判

A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed

court on day in 1925. The for my

defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading

counsel for William Jennings Bryan, the , three times President of the United States, and leader of the movement that had brought about my trial.

在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里，当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时，

人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯.

达罗。担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉.詹宁斯.布莱恩，他曾三次被民

主党提名为美国总统候选人，而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动

的领导人。

A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in

Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tennessee. Now I was

involved in a trial reported the world over. Seated in court, ready to

testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and

scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. More

than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcer s, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrow had whispered throwing a

to open.

几个星期之前，我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员，

而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。在法庭就座为我作证的有以

哈佛大学的科特里o马瑟教授为首的十几位有名望的教授和科学家。到场的还有

一百多名新闻记者，甚至还有一些广播电台的播音员，他们也要破天荒地播放一

次庭审实况。就在我们静候着法庭开审的当儿，达罗关切地搂住我的肩膀低声安

慰道："别担心，孩子，我们会给他们点厉害瞧瞧。"

The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in

Dayton as science master and football coach at the secondary school.

For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalists and the modernists. The fundamentalists to a interpretation of the Old . The modernists, on the

other hand, accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin -- that

all animal life, including monkeys and men, had evolved from a

common ancestor.

我刚到戴顿中学任自然科学教员兼足球教练不久，这件案子就突然降临到我

的头上。若干年来，原教旨主义者和现代主义者之间就一直在酝酿着一场冲突。

原教旨主义者坚持严格按照字面意义去理解《旧约全书》，而现代主义者则接受

查尔斯o达尔文的进化论--认为一切动物，包括猿和人，都是由同一个祖先进化

而来的。

Fundamentalism was strong in Tennessee, and the state recently passed a law the teaching of

"any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible."

The new law was aimed squarely at Darwin's theory of evolution. An

engineer, George Rappelyea, used to argue with the local people

against the law. During one such argument, Rappelyea said that

nobody could teach biology without teaching evolution. Since I had

been teaching biology, I was sent for.

在田纳西州，原教旨主义势力很强，州立法机构最近还通过了一项法令，禁

止公开讲授"任何否定《圣经》上宣讲的创世说的理论。"这项新法规的矛头直接

指向了达尔文的进化论。有位名叫乔治o拉普利亚的工程师因反对这项法规常和

当地人进行辩论。有一次辩论中，拉普利亚说，任何人要讲授生物学，就不能不

讲进化论。因为我就是讲授生物学的，所以他们便把我叫去作证。

"Rappelyea is right," I told them.

"拉普利亚是对的，"我对他们说。

"Then you have been violating the law," one of them Said.

"那么说，你在触犯法律，"他们中的一位说。

"So has every other teacher," I replied. "Evolution is explained in

Hunter's Civic Biology, and that's our textbook." Rappelyea then

made a suggestion. "Let's take this thing to court," he said, "and test

the "所有其他的教师也都在触犯法律，"我回答说。"亨特所著的《生物学基础》

中就讲到了进化论，那是我们使用的教科书。"于是拉普利亚提出一个建议。"

让我们将此事交付法庭判决，"他说，"以检验其是否合法。"

When I was

that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S.

history. The American Civil Liberties Union announced that it would

take my case to the U. S Supreme Court if necessary to establish that

a teacher may tell the truth without being sent to jail." Then Bryan

volunteered to assist the state in prosecuting me. Immediately the lawyer Clarence Darrow offered his services to defend me.

Ironically, I had not known Darrow before my trial but I had met Bryan

when he had given a talk at my university. I admired him, although I

did not agree with his views.

当我于五月七日被正式起诉时，谁也不曾料到，我本人更没有料到我的这件

案子竟会越闹越大，以至成为美国历史上最著名的庭审案例之一。美国公民自由

联合会宣布：如有必要，联合会将把我的案子提交美国最高法院审理，"以确保

教师不至于因讲授真理而被送进监狱。"接着，布莱恩自告奋勇地要协助州政府

方面对我进行起诉。著名律师克拉伦斯.达罗也立即主动提出要替我辩护。具有

讽刺意味的是，在这次审判之前我并不认识达罗，但我却见过布莱恩，那是我念

大学的时候，他来校作过演讲。我很钦佩他，尽管我并不赞同他的观点。

By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people

had taken on a atmosphere. The buildings along the main

street were banners. The streets around the

three-storey red brick law court stands selling

set up tents

to the passersby. People from the surrounding hills, mostly

fundamentalists, arrived to cheer Bryan against the Among them was John Butler, who had drawn up the

anti-evolution law. Butler was a 49-year-old farmer who before his

election had never been out of his native county.

到七月十日庭审开始的时候，我们这个拥有一千五百人口的小镇上呈现出一

派看马戏似的热闹气氛。大街两旁的建筑物上都挂起了彩旗。在法院的三层红

砖房子周围的街道上突然冒出了许多摇摇晃晃的摊贩货架，出售的是热狗、宗教

书籍和西瓜。福音传教士们也在街上搭起帐篷向行人传教布道。附近一带的山区

居民，其中多半是原教旨主义者，也纷纷赶到镇上来为布莱恩呐喊助威，打击那

些"外来的异教徒"。他们当中就有具体起草了那条反进化论法令的约翰.巴特勒。

巴特勒是一位四十九岁的农场主，在当选之前还从未跨出过自己的县境。

The presiding judge was John Raulston, a florid-faced man who

announced: "I'm just a reg'lar mountaineer jedge." Bryan, ageing and , was assisted in his prosecution by his son, also a lawyer,

and Tennessee's attorney-general, Tom Stewart.

Besides the Darrow, my counsel included the

handsome Dudley Field Malone, 43, and Arthur

Garfield Hays, quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law. In a trial in which religion played a key role, Darrow was an , Malone a

and Hays a Jew. My father had come from Kentucky to be

with me for the trial.

主审法官名叫约翰.劳尔斯顿，是一位面色红润的男人。他操着浓重的地方口

音高声说道："我只是个平平常常的山区法官。"布莱恩的样子老态龙钟，大腹便

便。协助他进行起诉工作的有他的儿 1 85子--也是个律师--及田纳西州年轻有为

的检察长汤姆o斯图尔特。我的辩护人当中则除了六十八岁的精明老练的达罗外，

还有英俊潇洒、富于魅力的四十三岁的达德雷.费尔德.马隆和文质彬彬、学识丰

富，尤其精通法学的阿瑟.伽费尔德.黑斯。在一场宗教起着关键作用的审判案中，

达罗是个不可知论者，马隆是个天主教徒，而黑斯则是个犹太教徒。我的父亲也

特意从肯塔基州赶来陪我面对这次审判。

The judge called for a local minister to open the session with

prayer, and the trial got under way. Of the 12 jurors, three had never

read any book except the Bible. One couldn't read. As my father , "That's one hell of a jury!"

法官请了一位当地的牧师主持开庭祷告仪式，接着审判便开始了。陪审团的

十二名成员中，有三人除《圣经》之外再没有念过什么别的书，还有一人则根

本不识字。难怪我父亲气呼呼地骂道："真是他妈狗屁的陪审团!"

After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to

make his opening statement. "My friend the attorney-general says

that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know

what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and are , and it is a mighty strong combination."

履行完规定的法律诉讼程序之后，达罗站起来开始发言了。"我的朋友检察

长先生方才告诉我们说约翰.司科普斯知道他为什么会被带上法庭，"达罗拖长着

声音说。"我也知道他为什么会被带上法庭。那是因为愚昧和偏见还很猖獗，而

且这两者又结合在一起，形成一股强大的势力。"

Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. "Today it is the

teachers, "he continued, "and tomorrow the magazines, the books,

the newspapers. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and

creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious

age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and

Culture to the human mind. "

达罗在热得像烘箱似的法庭里来回踱着方步。"今天受攻击的是教师，"他接

着说道，"明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸。要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人

与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那

光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧

的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。"

"That damned infidel," a woman whispered loudly as he finished

his address.

他的话音刚落，就听到一个妇女高声咕嘟了一句："这个该死的异教徒!"

The following day the prosecution began calling wit-nesses

against me. Two of my pupils testified, grinning shyly at me, that I had

taught them evolution, but added that they had not been testified that I had taught that man was a mammal like cows, horses,

dogs and cats.

第二天，控方开始传唤证人出庭作证。出庭作证的是我的两个学生，他们一

边羞涩地对我傻笑，一边向法庭证明说我向他们宣讲过进化论，但又补充说他们

并没有因此而受到毒害。一个叫霍华德.摩根的聪明的十四岁小男孩作证说我对

他们讲过，人也像牛、马、狗、猫一样是哺乳动物。

"He didn't say a cat was the same as a man?" Darrow asked.

"他没有说猫和人完全一样吧?"达罗问。

"No, sir," the youngster said. "He said man had reasoning

power." "There is some doubt about that," Darrow snorted.

"没有，先生，"那孩子说道。"他说人是有思维能力的。" "这话怕不一

定对哩，"达罗哼着鼻子说。

After the evidence was completed, Bryan rose to address the jury.

The issue was simple, he declared "The Christian believes that man

came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come

from below." The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work.

In one hand he biology text as he denounced the

scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence.

证人作证完毕后，布莱恩起立向陪审团陈辞。问题很简单，他说，"基督徒

相信人来自天上，进化论者则认为人一定是来自地下。"旁听的群众忍不住咯咯

地笑了起来，布莱恩也就越说越起劲，他一只手挥动着一本生物学教科书，一边

口中发话谴责那些来到戴顿为我作证的科学家们。

"The Bible," he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, " is not

going to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of

miles to testify that they can the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His

purpose as par t of a "《圣经》，"他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，"是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证

的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张人类

祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上

来的看法，是并行不悖的。"

As he finished, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing, the audience burst

and shouts of "Amen". Yet something was lacking. Gone was the fierce political arena like a fire. The crowd seemed to feel that their

champion had the infidels with the hot breath of his

as he should have. Dudley Field Malone popped up to reply.

"Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the Bible,

he observed. "There are other people in this country who have given up their whole lives to God and religion. Mr. Bryan, with spirit and enthusiasm, has given post of his life to politics." Bryan

sipped from a jug of water as Malone's voice grew in volume. He

appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a 他讲完话时，下巴翘得老高，眼里闪着光芒，听众席中立刻爆发出喝采的掌

声和"阿门"的喊声。但似乎还是缺少了一点什么东西。昔日当布莱恩如燎原的烈

火般席卷政界时表现出的那种火热的激情已消失殆尽。听众们似乎觉得他们的这

位英雄没能充分发挥出应有的辩才将那些异端分子打个落花流水。达德雷.费尔

德.马隆跳起来反驳布莱恩。"布莱恩可不是唯一有资格为《圣经》辩护的人，"

他说。"在我们这一国度，还有些人将自己的全部生命都奉献给了上帝和宗教。

而布莱恩先生却满腔热情地将自己的大半生命献给了政治。"布莱恩从水杯中呷

了一口水，马隆说话的音调随之变得越来越高。他呼吁学术自由并指责布莱恩存

心在科学与宗教之间挑起一场殊死决斗。

"There is never a duel with the truth," he roared. "The truth

always wins -- and we are not afraid of it. The truth does not need Mr.

Bryan. The truth is eternal, immortal and needs no human agency to

support it! "

"从来没有人能同真理决斗，"他大声怒吼，"真理从来都是胜利者--我们并不

害怕这一点。真理不需要布莱恩先生。真理是永存的、不朽的，而且并不需要依

靠人的力量去维护它!"

When Malone finished there was a momentary hush. Then the

court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.

But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan, the

judge ruled against permitting the scientists to testify for the defence.

马隆发言结束时，场上出现了一阵沉默，但接着法庭里便爆发出一阵暴风骤

雨般的掌声.超过了刚才为布莱恩发出的掌声。然而，尽管马隆在同布莱恩进行

的这场舌战中取得了胜利，法官还是决定不许在座的科学家们为辩方作证。

When the court adjourned, we found Dayton's streets swarming

with strangers. cried their wares on every corner. One shop

announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE. (This was J. R. Darwin's everything to Wear Store.) One to display an ape. Spectators paid to gaze at it and whether

they might be related.

休庭期间，我们发现戴顿镇的街头巷尾到处挤满了陌生人，每个角落里都有

一些小商小贩在叫卖货物。有家商店的招牌上写道：达尔文：没错--就在里面。

(这是小达尔文的服装店。)还有一个承包商租了一个商店橱窗来展出一只猿猴。

有些人便花钱去观看这只猿猴，并思量着自己是否可能与它有什么渊源。

"The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his

eyes, ” a reporter noted, "afraid it might be true. "

"这只可怜的畜牲双手捂住眼睛，蜷缩在一个角落里，"一位记者这样写道，"

生怕人猿同源是真的。"

H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his Pants

with a tan blowing on him, and there was talk of running him out of

town for referring to the local citizenry as Twenty-two

telegraphists were sending out 165 000 words a day on the trial.

HoL。门肯穿着短裤，一边吹着电扇，一边写出了一些含辛辣讽刺意味的电

讯文稿。由于他在文中将当地居民称作"乡巴佬"，因此人们议论着要将他驱逐出

镇。二十二个报务员每天要拍发十六万五千字的报道这场庭审的电文。

Because of the heat and a fear that the old court's floor might

, under the weight of the throng, the trial was resumed

outside under the maples. More than 2 000 spectators sat on wooden benches or or from windows.

由于天气炎热，加之又担心古老的法庭地板会因承受不住人群的重量而坍塌，

审判活动改在户外枫树荫下继续进行。前来观审的有两千多人，他们有的坐在长

条木凳上，有的蹲在草地上，有的趴在停放着的汽车的车顶上，还有的人则从窗

户里傻呆呆地伸长脖子向外张望。

Then came the climax of the trial. Because of the wording of the

anti-evolution law, the prosecution was forced to take the position that

the Bible must be interpreted literally. Now Darrow sprang his trump

card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defence. The judge looked

startled. "We are calling him as an expert on the Bible," Darrow said.

"His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout

the world."

接着审判的高潮到来了。由于反进化论法律条文的限制，控方只得坚持《圣

经》必须严格按字面意义解释的立场。这时，达罗突然打出他的王牌，点名要布

莱恩充当辩方证人。法官也满脸惊讶。"我们要他当证人是因为他是《圣经》研

究专家，"达罗说道。"作为经学权威，他的声誉是举世公认的。"

Bryan was suspicious of the wily Darrow, yet he could not refuse

the challenge. For year s he had lectured and written on the Bible. He

had campaigned against Darwinism in Tennessee even before

passage of the anti-evolution law. Resolutely he strode to the stand,

carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.

布莱恩满心狐疑，不知那诡计多端的达罗葫芦里在卖什么药，但他又不能不

接受这一挑战。多年来他一直在讲解《圣经》，并且还曾围绕《圣经》著书立说。

甚至在反进化论法令通过之前，他就在田纳西州发动过反达尔文主义的运动。这

时，只见他刚毅果敢地握着一把芭蕉扇，像是拿它当成一把退敌的利剑似的，大

步流星地向证人席走去。

Under Darrow's quiet questioning he acknowledged believing the

Bible literally, and the crowd punctuated his replies with

fervent "Amens".

在达罗的平静语调套问下，他承认自己对《圣经》的字字句句深信不疑，旁

观的人群对他的激昂的回答不时和以热烈的“阿门“的喊声。

Darrow read from Genesis: "And the evening and the morning

were the first day." Then he asked Bryan if he believed that the sun

was created on the fourth day. Bryan said that he did.

达罗翻开《创世纪》念道："夜尽晨来乃第一天也。''接下来他问布莱恩是否

相信太阳是第四天创造出来的，布莱恩回答说他相信。

"How could there have been a morning and evening with-out any

sun?" Darrow enquired.

"没有太阳之前又怎么会有早晨和晚上呢?"达罗问道。

Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. There were from the crowd, even among the faithful. Darrow his

spectacles as he pursued the questioning. He asked if Bryan believed

literally in the story of Eve. Bryan answered in the affirmative.

布莱恩闷声不响地擦拭着自己的秃顶。人群中传出阵阵暗笑声，连一些虔诚

的基督徒也在发笑。达罗一面捻弄着他的眼镜，一面继续发问。他问布莱恩是否

相信有关夏娃的故事字字句句都是真实的，布莱恩作了肯定的回答。

"And you believe that God punished the serpent by condemning

snakes for ever after to crawl upon their bellies?"

"I believe that."

"那末你也相信上帝为了惩罚引诱夏娃的那条蛇便让所有蛇类从那以后永远

匍匐爬行的故事是真的了?"

"我相信那是真的。"

"Well, have you any idea how the snake went before that time?"

The crowd laughed, and Bryan turned livid. His voice rose and

the fan in his hand shook in anger.

"好哇，那么你是否知道那以前蛇类是如何行走的呢?"

观审的人群哄地笑了起来。布莱恩气得脸色发青，盛怒之下他调门提高了，

手里拿着的扇子一个劲儿抖动着。

"Your honor," he said. "I will answer all Mr. Darrow's questions at

once. I want the world to know that this man who does not believe in

God is using a Tennessee court to cast on Him..."

"法官大人，"他说。"我即刻就要回答达罗先生的所有问题。我要让世界知道

这个不信上帝的人正在利用田纳西州的法庭诽谤上帝……"

"I object to that statement,” Darrow shouted. “ I am examining

you on your tool ideas that no intelligent Christian on earth believes."

"我反对这种说法，"达罗大声叫道。"我只是在考验你的那些愚蠢的想法，世

界上没有哪个有知识的基督徒会相信你的那些想法。"

The judge used his gavel to quell the hubbuband adjourned

court until next day.

法官敲响小木槌止住了喧哗声，随即宣布休庭，次日再审。

Bryan stood forlornly alone. My heart went out to the old warrior

as spectator s pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand.

布莱恩孤零零地站在那儿。当观众们纷纷从他身边挤过去同达罗握手时，我

的心替这位昔日的英雄难过起来。

The jury were asked to consider their verdict at noon the following day.

The jurymen retired to a corner of the lawn and whispered for just nine

minutes. The verdict was guilty. I was fined 100 dollars and costs.

第二天中午，陪审团受命对此案进行裁决。陪审员们离席退到草坪的一角，

只低声议论了九分钟，结果是判决被告有罪。我被罚款一百美元，并支付诉讼费

用。

Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat." A

few southern papers, loyal to their faded champion, it as a

victory for Bryan. But Bryan, sad and exhausted, died in Dayton two

days after the trial.

达德雷.费尔德.马隆称这次庭审结果对我来说是一次"胜利的败仗"。有几家南

方报纸，出于对他们那位已失去昔日光彩的英雄的忠诚，称这次审判结果为布莱

恩的胜利，并为之欢呼。可布莱恩本人却因伤心劳神过度，审判结束后才过了两

天便在戴顿去世。

I was offered my teaching job back but I declined. Some of the

professors who had come to testify on my be-half arranged a

scholarship for me at the University of Chicago so that I could pursue

the study of science. Later I became a geologist for an oil company.

学校要请我回去继续担任原先的教学职务，但我谢绝了。有几位前来为我作

证的教授已为我争取到了一份芝加哥大学的奖学金，因而我得以继续进修自然科

学。.后来，我成为一家石油公司的地质学专家。

Not long ago I went back to Dayton for the first time since my trial

37 years ago. The little town looked much the same to me. But now

there is a William Jennings Bryan University on a hill-top over looking

the valley.

前不久，我在那次审判三十七年之后第一次重返戴顿。在我眼中，小镇景物

依旧，只是多了一所威廉.詹宁斯.布莱恩大学，它坐落在一个小山坡上，俯视着

下面的山谷。

There were other changes, too. Evolution is taught in Tennessee,

though the law under which I was convicted is still on the books. The

oratorial storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew

up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the

schools and legislative offices of the United States, bringing in its

wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has

grown with the passing years.

还有一些其他方面的变化。进化论已经可以在田纳西州公开讲授了，尽管那

条曾判我有罪的法令仍未废除。由克拉伦斯.达罗和达德雷.费尔德.马隆在戴顿镇

的小小法庭上掀起的那些辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，

随之而来的是日渐增长的思想自由和学术自由的新气象。

约翰.司科普斯

词汇(Vocabulary)

sweltering ( adj.) :that swelters or suffers from the heat;very hot;sultry热得发昏的;酷热 counsel ( n.) :a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court辩护律师;法律顾问;辩护人

silver-tongued ( adj.) :eloquent;persuasive雄辩的;口才流利的

orator ( n.) :a skilled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家

jury ( n.) :a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings陪审团

erupt ( v.) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发;爆发;喷出

clash ( n.) :a sharp disagreement;conflict抵触;冲突;意见不一致;对立

fundamentalism ( n.) :religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals原教旨主义(相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)

legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a

country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U.S.Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)

prohibit ( v.) :refuse to permit;forbid by law or by an order禁止;不准

legality ( n.) :quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful;conformity with the law合法性

indict ( v.) :accuse;charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告， 控诉;指控，告发，对……起诉

prosecute (v.) :institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against对……起诉

festoon ( v.) :adorn or hang with festoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于

sprout (v.) :grow or develop rapidly迅速生长，迅速发展

rickety ( adj.) :1iable to fall or break down because weak;shaky易倒的;易垮的;不结实的;不稳固的

evangelist ( n.) :anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者)

exhort ( v.) :urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc.规劝，劝告，劝戒

infidel ( n.) :a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者

florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的

paunchy ( adj. ) :[derog. or humor](esp. of a man)having a fat stomach[贬或幽](尤指男性)大腹便便的

attorney ( n.) :.any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人

shrewd ( adj.) :keen-witted，clever，astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的;精明的;伶俐的 magnetic ( adj.) :vpowerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc.)有吸引力的;有魅力的(指人或个性等)

steep ( v.) :immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp. used as steeped锄：thoroughly filled or familiar with)沉浸;埋头于(尤用作steeped in充满着;沉湎于;精通)

agnostic ( n.) :a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena;atheist不可知论者

growl (v.) :complain in an angry or surly manner牢骚满腹地说

spar ( v. ) :wrangle or dispute争论;争吵

drawl ( v.) :speak slowly，prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地说

bigotry ( n.) :the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance;prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等);偏执;顽固;偏见

rampant ( adj. ) :spreading unchecked;widespread蔓延的;猖獗的

faggot ( n.) :a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp. for use as fuel)柴捆;柴把

contaminate ( v.) :make impure，infected，corrupt，etc.使感染，传染，毒害

mammal ( n.) :any of a large class of warm-blooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands哺乳动物

snort ( v.) :wave，shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging，or exultant way(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞

denounce ( v.) :condemn strongly as evil谴责，指责，痛斥

sonorous ( adj. ) :having a powerful，impressive sound(声音)响亮的;洪亮的

reconcile ( adj. ) :settle(a quarrel，etc.)or compose(a difference，etc.)调解;调和;使一致;使相符 divine ( adj. ) :given or inspired by God;holy;sacred神授的，天赐的;神圣的

fervour ( n.) :great warmth of emotion;ardor;zeal;passion热烈;热情，热心，热诚

arena ( n.) :any sphere of struggle or conflict竞争场所;活动场所

prairie ( n.) :a large area of level or slightly rolling grassland大草原

scorch (v.) :char，discolor，or damage the surface of sth. by superficial burning;burn;make a caustic attack on;assail scathingly;excoriate烧焦;烤焦;挖苦;严厉指责(或批评)

pop ( v.) :[colloq.]arise;happen or arrive unexpectedly[口]突然发生，突然出现，突然来到 duel ( n.) :any contest or encounter suggesting such a fight，usually between two persons(常指两人间的)争斗，冲突，斗争

hush ( n.) :absence of noise;quiet;silence寂静，平静，安静;默不作声，沉默

adjourn ( v. ) :close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会，闭会;延期

swarm (v.) :be filled or crowded;teem(with)充满，被挤满(常与with连用)

hawker ( n.) :a person who hawks goods in the street;peddle;huckster(沿街叫卖的)小贩

entrepreneur ( n.) :[Fr.]a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking.assuming the risk for the sake of the profit[法语]企业家

ape ( n.) :any of a family(Pongidae)of large，tailless monkeys that can stand and walk in an almost erect position猿

ponder ( v.) :weigh mentally;think deeply about;consider carefully默想;深思;考虑

cower ( v.) :shrink and tremble，as from someone's anger，threats，or blow(因别人发怒、威胁或打击而)畏缩;发抖，哆嗦

sulphurous ( adj.) :violently emotional;heated;fiery异常激动的;激烈的;暴怒的

dispatch ( n.) :a news story sent to a newspaper，radio station，etc.，as by a special reporter or news agency(特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的)(新闻)电讯，电文，通讯

yokel ( n.) :[a contemptuous term]a person living in a rural area;rustic;country bumpkin[贬]乡巴佬，土包子

perch ( v.) :alight or rest on or as on a perch栖息;停歇;坐在高处

gawk ( v.) :stare like a gawk，in a stupid way(像呆子般)呆呆地盯着，呆视

wily ( adj.) :full of wiles;crafty;sly狡猾的;狡诈的;诡计多端的

repel ( v.) :drive or force back;hold or ward off击退;抵挡住

fervent ( adj.) :having or showing great warmth of feeling;intensely devoted or

earnest;ardent;passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的;强烈的

Genesis ( n.) :the first book of the Bible，giving an account of the creation of the universe《创世纪》(《圣经·旧约》的首卷)

snigger ( n.) :a sly，derisive，partly stifled laugh窃笑;暗笑

twirl (v.) :rotate rapidly;spin(使)快速旋转，(使)迅速转动

serpent ( n.) :a snake，esp. a large or poisonous one蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇)

livid ( adj.) :grayish-blue;pale;lead-colored青灰色的;铅色的

slur ( n.) :any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someone's reputation;aspersion，reproach，stigma，etc.诽谤;污辱;诋毁，中伤，破坏……的名誉

gavel ( n.) :a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attention or silence or by an auctioneer(会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的)小木槌，议事槌

quell ( v. ) :crush;subdue;put an end to镇压;平息

hubbub ( n.) :a confused sound of many voices;noise;uproar;tumult吵闹声，喧哗，喧嚣;鼎沸;骚动

forlorn (adj.) :abandoned or deserted被抛弃的;被遗弃的;孤独的，寂寞的/forlornly adv. verdict ( n.) :the formal and unanimous finding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial裁定;判决

conviction ( n.) :a convicting 0r being convicted证明有罪;(被)判罪;定罪

短语 (Expressions)

adhere to : continue to obey or maintain(esp，a rule，standard or belief)坚持，忠于

例： She adheres to her principles throughout her teaching career. 她在整个教学生涯中始终坚持自己的原则。

take on : begin to have呈现

例： Her voice took on a troubled tone.她的声音里有些不安。

under way: begin，start(开始)进行，在前进中。

例： We have several plans under way.我们已将几项计划付诸实施

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