北京自学考试心理学史02-10年真题

well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be2002年上半年北京市高等教育自学考试心理学史试卷:

一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确的答案，并将其号码填在题干后的括号内。每小题1分，共5分)

1、古希腊哲学家、辩证法的奠基人之一赫拉克利特认为变化是世界万物的本质，并认为，代表万物根源的是 (C) A、数及其关系 B、原子 C、火 D、水 2、伊壁鸠鲁认为，万物的基础是(C)

A、上帝 B、灵魂 C、原子 D、永恒的自然界 3、18世纪法国著名的教育万能论者是 (A)

A、爱尔维修 B、拉美特利 C、狄德罗 D、卢梭 4、孟德斯鸠最著名的著作是 (A)

A、《论法的精神》 B、《人是机器》 C、《论精神》 D、《人类悟性论》

5、瑞士生物学家和心理学家波纳提出了神经特殊纤维说，这个学说又叫 (B) b/]~[fyu A、神经阶层说 B、感官分工说 C、内部感觉说 D、共同感官说

二、 多项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出二至四个正确答案，并将其号码填在题干后的括号内，多选、少选、错选均无分。每小题2分，共10分)

1．逢会论的代表人物是 (BD)

A．冯特 B.格林克斯 C斯宾诺莎 D．马勒伯朗士 2．提顿斯把心理过程分为 (ABD) _

A．理解 B．感情 C意识 D．意志 LMF]ap9

3．黑灵认为，人的视网膜上存在的标记分别针对着 (ABC) A．上下 B．左右 C．远近 D．前后

4．在心理学的发展中，对行为主义的产生有影响的心理学研究领域有 (BCD) A．社会心理学 B．动物心理学 C．儿童心理学 D．变态心理学 5．新精神分析学派的代表人物有(ACD)

A．霍妮 B．阿德勒 C沙利文 D．卡丁纳 三、填空题(每空1分，共15分)

1．柏拉图在他的《共和国)这篇对话中，把灵魂分为理性、意气和欲望。

2．笛卡尔认为，世界上有上帝、灵魂和物质，这三者都是不依他物而独立存在的实体。

3．斯宾诺莎认为世界上只有一个实体，他称为上帝实体。他所谓的上帝实体实际上指的无限永恒的自然界。 4．孔狄亚克承认感觉是一切知识的来源，他认为心理过程只是感觉的变相。 ` 5．美国心理学的机能主义倾向的理论基础是实用主义和生物进化论 。

6．在托尔曼对行为所提出的公式B=f(S，A)中，B代表行为的变量，S代表情境变量，A代表其他前因变量。 7．完形心理学的创始人是魏特默、柯勒和考夫卡。 四、名词解释(每小题4分，共20分) 1．四根说 2．意识阈限 3．费希纳定律 4、捆束假设 5．文艺复兴

五、简答题(每小题6分，共24分)

1．简要说明哈德烈关于联想的三条次级律。 2．爱宾浩斯对记忆的研究有哪些贡献? P201 3．简述詹姆士的情绪理论。P226

4．巴甫洛夫和斯金纳的条件反射有什么不同? P265 六、论述题(每小题13分，共26分) 1．学习心理学史的意义是什么?

2．试述华生关于行为主义的基本主张。

2003年上半年北京市高等教育自学考试心理学史试卷

一、单项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 1．第一个用心理学这个名词写书的人是

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never beA. 笛卡尔 B．洛克 C. 亚里士多德 D．伏尔夫 2．骨相学是由德国医生_____创立的。

A．斯铺宰姆 B. 哥尔

C．比兰 D．苏格拉底 3．美国最早的心理学实验室是郝尔在_____年建立的。 A.1883 B.1911 C.1900 D.1887 4．提出学习顿悟说的心理学家是

A. 精神分析学派的 B．行为主义学派的 C．完形学派的 D．机能主义学派的

5．把个体的人格体系分为内倾和外倾两个朝向的心理学家是 A. 詹姆士 B．拉德 C. 荣格 D. 侯尔脱

二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分). 在每小题列出的四个备选项中有二个至四个是符合题目要求

的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或末选均无分。 6．以下所列出的人当中，具有进化论思想的有 A．达尔文 B．斯宾塞

C．阿纳克西曼德 D. 恩培多克勒 7．洛克认为，人类知识的来源有 A．固有观念 B. 感觉 c．联想 D．反省 8. 莱布尼茨提出了

A. 预定和谐说 B．单子论 C. 理性真理 D. 心的主动论 9．完形学派反对

A．捆束假设 B. 整体假设 C 恒定假设 D. 顿悟假设

10. 芝加哥机能学派的代表人物包括 A. 桑戴克 B．杜威 C．安吉尔 D．卡尔

三、填空题(本大题共7小题，每空1分，共15分)

请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。

11．亚里士多德认为植物有滋长的灵魂，动物有感性的灵魂，人有理性的灵魂。 12．冯德的心理学是实验心理学，而布棱他诺的心理学是经验心理学。 13．休谟认为联想的条件包括相似、时地接近和因果关系。

14．爱宾浩斯因为看了费希纳的《心理物理学纲要》一书，而想到用实验法研究高级的心理过程。 15 笛卡尔的认识论是唯理论，而洛克的认识论是经验主义。 16 完形心理学有两个特点：一是强调整体，二是描述现象。 17．\日心说\也称地动说，最早是由哥白尼提出的。 四、名词解释(本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分) 18．情操 19．中介变量 20．意识流

21. 统觉作用P158 22．神经阶层说P121 .)

五、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分) 23．简述弗洛伊德的广泛影响。

24．行为主义产生的心理学基础有哪些? 25.简述詹姆士有关记忆的观点。 26.简述康德对心理学的影响。

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be六、论述题：（每小题13分，共26分）1 27.学习心理学史要掌握哪些内容？ 28.试述冯德对心理学的贡献与局限。

（2004）西方心理学史试题

一、单选（共20分，每题1分） 1、心理学史从 开始。

A．十四世纪下半叶 B．古希腊

C．十七世纪 D．十八世纪 2、米利都学派是从 开始。 A．泰勒土 B．毕达哥拉斯

C．赫拉克科特 D．巴门尼德 3、 第一个用量的差异来解释质为差异。

A．普罗泰哥拉 B．阿那克萨哥拉

C．德谟克利特 D．阿尔克美恩。

4、 是西方第一个从事动物解剖的人。

A．阿尔克美恩 B．苏格拉底 C．希波克拉底 D．恩培多克勒

5、苏格拉底承认世界理性，承认宇宙的最高中主宰是 。

A．人 B．神 C．灵魂 D．精神 6、下面哪个观点是错误的？

A．亚里士多德认为心理学是自然科学的一部分。 B．亚里士多德认为灵魂是单一的。

C．亚里士多德认为心理的器官是心脑而不是脑 D．亚里士多德认为共同感官位于人的心脏区域 7、怀疑学派的创始人是 。

A．埃奈西德谟 B．卢克莱修 C．伊壁鸠鲁 D．皮波 8、最有影响的教父 。

A．奥古斯丁 B．阿奎那 C．罗杰尔·培根 D．格林

9、意大利的物理学家、天文学家和哲学家 ，应用数学和实验方法发现了动力的基本规律，成为近代实验科学的奠基人。

A．布鲁诺 B．哥白尼 C．伽利略 D．达·芬奇 10、斯宾诺莎的主要著作有 。

A．《人类悟性论》 B．《伦理学》

C．《单子论》 D．《新工具》 11、有关于洛克的理论有哪个 。 A．著有《单子论》和《人类悟性新论》

B．存在两种真理，一种理性真理，一种真实真理。莱布尼茨 C．用“预定和谐说”来说明心与身的关系。莱布尼茨 D．最先使用“联想”这一词。莱布尼茨

12、莱布尼茨将最不明白的观念称为 。

A．统觉 B．微觉

C．自觉 D．感觉 13、哈德烈认为联想的条件是 。

A．空间接近 B．时间接近 C．时空接近 D．距离接近 14、哪个理论是伏尔夫提出的 。

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never beA．主张二元论的身心平行论 B．提出了不可知论（康德）

C．对内省法的系统阐述（提顿斯） D．提出心理三分法。（提顿斯）

15、联想主义的心理学是由英国学者 所创立的。

A．十八世纪 B．十四世纪下半叶 C．公元前八一六世纪 D．十七世纪中叶 16、赫尔巴特提出 理论。

A．原子论 B．单子论

C．实子论 D．灵魂论 17、黑灵的空间知觉天生说被 心理学所继承。 A．完形派 B．苏格兰派 C．怀疑学派 D．斯多噶学派 18、1876年创办 杂志，这是世界上最早的心理学杂志。 A．《心与身》 B．《心理学原理》

C．《心》 D．《一个婴儿的生活简史》。 19、 是德国著名心理学家，近代心理学的创始人，于1881年创办了心理学刊物《哲学研究》。 A．爱宾浩斯 B．冯德

C．缪勒 D．曲勒佩 20、机能学派的创始人是 。

A．安吉儿 B．卡尔

C．桑代克 D．杜威 二、多选（共10分，每题1分）

1、阿尔克美恩认为脑是 和 的器官。

A．感觉 B．心理 C．思维 D．欲望

2、希波克拉底在《论小、空气和地域》一书中，论述了 ， 等决定人的体质和民族的心理特性。

A．空气 B．地理环境

C．水 D．气候

3、柏拉图把人的灵魂分为 。

A．理性 B．意气 C．欲望 D．思想 4、亚里士多德区分心理功能为认识和动术两大类功能，动求功能包括 。

A．感情 B．欲望 C．意志 D．动作 5、哪些是伊壁鸠鲁学派的内容？

A.思维依赖于感觉 B．心智有两种作用，一种是自动的，一种是有意的 C．生活的目的是快乐 D．人的心由八个部分组成

6、奥古斯丁认为灵魂有三种功能 。

A．理智 B．精神 C．自觉的记忆 D．意志 7、体谟认为联想的条件包括 。

A．时地接近 B．因果关系 C．空间知觉 D．相似 8、苏格兰学派的代表人物是 。

A．黎德 B．孟德斯鸠 C．司徒亚特 D．拉美特利 9、有关卢棱的理论有 。

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never beA．教育万能论 B．儿童教育论 C．民约论 D．主情说 10、九条联想次级律中最为重要的有哪几条？

A．持久 B．生动 C．频率 D．新近 三、填空（共10分，每空1分）

1、斯宾诺莎认为情绪有两类__________和__________。 2、骨相学是由德国医生__________创立的。

3、詹姆士·米尔认为联想有两种：一种__________；一种__________。 4、__________于1883年创立了“美国第一个心理学实验室”。 5、__________是行为主义的创始人。

6、十九世纪，精神病学中有两种思想派别__________和__________。 7、普罗泰哥拉第一个明确提出人的美德可由__________养成。 四、简答（共40分，每题8分）

1、提顿斯对内省法的系统阐述有哪些？

2、康德的思想，言论对心理学的发展有哪些影响？ 3、简述拉德的观点？ 4、简述詹姆士的情绪说？

5、巴甫洛的条件反射与斯金纳的操作条件反射的异同？ 五、论述；（共20分，每题10分）

1、论述爱宾浩斯对记忆的研究所做的主要贡献？ 2、对弗洛伊德的影响和局限进行评价？

2005年上半年高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试 心理学史试卷 一、单项选择题

1、 由英国学者于十七世纪中叶所创立，历史上最为悠久的心理学派别是（）A、 感觉主义 B、联想主义 C、机能主义 D、构造主义

2、 笛卡儿认为心身相互用用的部位在（）A、 肝脏 B、心脏 C、眼睛 D、松果体

3、 最先在美国使用心理测验来研究个体差异的心理学家是（）A、 卡特尔 B、郝尔 C、庄纳 D、比纳

4、 由卡巴尼斯提出来的学说是（）A、 神经阶层说 B、神经特殊纤维说 C、感官分工说 D、神经特殊能力说 5、 陆宰的部位标记说是心理学史上有影响的知觉学说，它是关于（）A、 时间的 B、空间的 C、温度的 D、颜色的

6、 泰勒士认为砀的根源是（）A、 水 B、土 C、火 D、空气

7、 毕达哥拉斯认为，自然现象的基础是（）A、 物质 B、灵魂 C、理性 D、数及其关系

8、 提出单子论，发明微积分，著有《人类悟性新论》的学者是（）A、 洛克 B、笛卡儿 C、莱布尼茨 D、司徒亚特

9、《爱弥儿》一书的作者系18世纪法国杰出的教育家和启蒙运动思想家（）A、爱你维修 B、阵德斯鸠 C、狄德罗 D、卢梭

10、实验心理学是由感官生理学与联想主义心理学的结合而产生，它的诞生是在（）A、英国 B、法国 C、德国 D、美国

二、多项选择题

11、 被雅典人称为“智者”的有（）A、 普罗泰哥拉 B、柏拉图 C、苏格拉底 D、亚里士多德 12、常识学派的代表人物有（）A、巴克莱 B、司徒亚特 C、黎德 D、休谟 13、赫尔姆霍兹认为基本色有（）A、红 B、绿 C、兰 D、黄

14、冯德（特）认为复杂的心理过程可分解为简单的心理元素，这些心理元素有（）A、感觉 B、感情 C、意志 D、思维

15、新精神分析学派的代表人物有（）A、阿德勒 B、卡丁纳 C、荣格 D、霍妮 三、填空题

16、十四世纪未至十七世纪初是西方封建主义向资本主义过渡的时期，一般称这个时期为（ ）时期，也称（ ）时期。

17、斯宾诺莎认为情绪存在着由联想而产生的移情现象，如（ 推爱 ）和（ 迁怒 ）。 P72

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality

well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be18、莱布尼茨最不明白的观念称为（ ），将最明白的观念称为（ ）。 19、苏格兰学派反对（ ）心理学，强调心的（ ）。 20、完形主义的主要特点是（ ）与（

21、弗洛伊德把人的心理结构为分三层：（ ）、（ ）与（ ）。 22、铁钦纳认为，科学有两种：（ ）科学与（ ）科学。 四、名词解释 23、教育万能论 24、生活风格

25、次起的自动化活动 26、溶合与纠葛 27、二部心理学 五、简答题

28、简述康德的言论对心理学的影响。 29、简述骨相学具有广泛影响的原因。

30、简述韦伯在心理学史上的两个主要贡献。 31、简述詹姆士的情绪说。 六、论述题

32、论述18世纪德国的抻顿斯对心理学的两个重要贡献。

33、试列举冯德（特）心理学的各种称呼，说明他的心理学的特点。

2006年上半年北京市高等教育自学考试心理学史试卷

一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确的答案，并将其号码填在题干后的括号内。每小题1分，共5分)

1、倡导教育万能论的是( )A、狄德罗 B、爱尔维修 C、卢梭 D、拉美特利

2、赫拉克利特认为代表万物根源的是( )A、火 B、数及其关系 C、无限者 D、水 3、近代西方主观唯心主义的鼻祖是 ( )A、洛克 B、休谟 C、孔狄亚克 D、巴克莱 4、《人类悟性新论》的作者是( )A、笛卡尔 B、黎德 C、莱布尼茨D、司徒亚特

5、弗兰西斯。培根出版他著名的著作《新工具》的年代是( )A、1561年 B、1626年 C、1620年 ． D、1720年 二、 多项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出二至四个正确答案，并将其号码填在题干后的括号内，多选、少选、错选均无分。每小题2分，共10分)

6．奥古斯丁认为灵魂的功能有 ( )A．认识 B，自觉的记忆 C理智 D．意志 7．赫尔巴特认为，观念与观念的结合方式有 ( )A．理解 B．感情 C意识 D．意志——题目疑有误，应当是溶合与纠葛

8．具有进化论思想的学者包括 ( )A．斯宾塞 B．阿那克西曼德 C．达尔文 D．戈尔登

9．卡巴尼斯提出的理论或是概念包括 ( )A．神经阶层说 B．感官分工说 C．内部感觉 D．神经特殊能力说 10．洛克把外物的性质分为( )A．个别性 B．特殊性 C原始性 D．次起性 三、填空题(每空1分，共15分)

11． 1904年，郝尔的重要著作《 》出版了，这是系统地研究（）心理学的第一部专著。 12．亚里士多德把心理功能分为（）和（）两大类。

13．布棱他诺主张心理学不是研究心理的（），而是研究心理的（）。 14．铁钦纳将（）和（）结合起来，创建了独特的（）。

15．华生曾说，人和动物的全部行为都可以分析为（）和（）。

16．托尔曼指出有两咱中介变量对解释动物行为有用，它们是（）变量和（）变量。 17．莱布尼茨将最不明白的观念叫（），最明白的观念叫（）。 四、名词解释(每小题4分，共20分)

1．生活风格 2．顿悟说 3．符茨堡学派 4．统觉作用规律 5．复合感觉 五、简答题（每题6分共24分) 1 荣格的无意识理论

2 亚里士多德认为灵魂有哪几个等级

3 感觉主义认识论和感觉主义心理学有什么区别 4 什么是似动现象，格式塔心理学用它说明什么

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be六、论述题 （每题13分共26分) 1 美国心理学机能主义的理论基础 2 弗洛伊德精神分析理论的主要观点

2007年心理学史试卷

第一部分 选择题(共15分)

一、单项选择题 (本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 1．古希腊原子论者中提出“四根说”的是( ) A．恩培多克勒 B．赫拉克利特 C泰勒斯 D．德谟克利特

2．提出“人是机器”这一观点的哲学家是( ) A．拉?美特利 B．洛克 C. 霍布斯 D．培根

3.Jb理学家勒温提出的行为公式是( ) A．B＝f(E) B．E：f(P) C．P＝f(E) D．B＝f(P E)

4．下列关于斯金纳的说法正确的是( ) A．支持心理学理论的建立 B．提倡演绎法

C．主张个体研究 D．用神经生理学研究取代行为分析 5．狭义的认知心理学是指( )

A．结构主义认知心理学 D．心理主义认知心理学 C．信息加工认知心理学 D．完形心理学

二、多项选择题? (本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 6．主要秉持经验主义心理学思想的有( ) A．培根 B．康德 C．洛克 D．哈特莱

7．洛克认为经验材料的来源有( ) A．感觉 B．反省 C．记忆 D．学习

8．韦伯对心理学有影响的研究主题包括( ) A．两点阈限 B．神经特殊能量说 C. 巴差别阈限 D．视觉与听觉研究

9．詹姆士认为意识的基本特性包括( ) A．意识是个人私有的 B．意识是连续不断的 C. 巴意识是有选择性的 D．意识须有对象

10．皮亚杰认为认识的结构涉及的基本概念有( ) A．图式 B．同化 C . 顺应 D．平衡 第二部分 非选择题（85分）

三、填空题（本大题共7小题，每空1分，共15分）

11、普罗泰哥拉引发人们去关心人怎样思想，最早从研究________转向注意_______。

12、桑代克用联结联想主义，是因为其学习理论中不仅有 ________ 之间的联结，还有 ________之间的联结。 13、荣格将个体的人格分为两种基本类型，即 ________ 和。________。

14、1896年，杜威发表《 ________ 》一文，标志着 ________机能主义学派的正式开始。 15、布伦塔诺将心理活动基本上分三类，即________的活动、 ________ 的活动和爱憎活动。

16、皮亚杰安心理发展水平把儿童心理划分为具有质的差异的四个阶段，即感觉运动阶段、前运阶段、________ 阶段和 ________ 阶段。

17、弗洛伊德将人的心理结构分为三层，它们是________、________、和 ________。 四、名词解释题（本大题共５小题，每小题４分，共２０分） 18、升华 19、意识流 20、似动现象

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be21、统觉图

22、需要层次理论

五、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分） 23、简述行为主义在20世纪初期美国出现的必然性。 24、艾宾浩斯对记忆的研究有哪些贡献？

25、人本主义心理学与行为主义心理学有哪些对立的观点？ 26、构造主义与机能主义有哪些异同?

六、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题13分，共26分）

27、论述巴甫洛夫的条件反射与斯金操作条件反射的异同。 28、试述冯特的心理学体系及其在心理学史上的影响。

2008年心理学史试卷

第一部分选择题(共20分)

一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题 卡”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1．最早把实验法应用于高级心理过程研究的德国学者是( ) A．韦柏(伯)B．康德 C．爱宾浩斯D．费希纳

2．对身心关系的看法持预定和谐说的是( ) A.莱布尼茨B．奥古斯丁 C.斯宾诺莎D．笛卡尔

3．在《人类悟性论》中最先使用“联想”这一词语，从此“联想”成了流行名词的是( A．培根B．洛克

C．弗洛伊德D.桑代克

4．集体动力学的创始者是( ) A．麦独孤B．勒温 C．哥尔D．斯铺宰姆

5．新精神分析学派中认为人格就是那些经常发生在人与人之间相互交往的相对持久的行为模式的是( A．霍妮B．卡丁纳 C．阿德勒D.沙利文

6．赫拉克利特认为变化是世界万物的本质，并认为代表万物根源的是( ) A．数 B．原子 C．火 D．水

7．逢会论的代表人物是( ) A．冯德（特） B．奥古斯丁 C．马勒伯朗士 D．笛卡尔

8．“知识就是力量”这句名言现已为人们所熟知，它出自英国《新工具》一书的作者( A．罗杰尔培根 B．霍布斯

C．约翰?洛克 D．托马斯?霍布斯 9．《人是机器》的作者是( ) A．笛卡尔 B．霍布斯 C．狄德罗 D．拉美特利

10．冯德（特）在生命的最后20年完成了他的10卷巨著《民族心理学》，这是他用历史法写出的( A．实验心理学专著 B．生理心理学专著 C．教育心理学专著 D．社会心理学专著

二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题 卡”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

11．美国心理学家詹姆士把身体反应强烈的情绪定义为粗糙的情绪，如( ) A．愤怒 B．惧怕

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its goveris competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality ) nd more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to , bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the ) ) ce, panic. Third is to use realisticriteria for whether a leading cadre ) demand of the masses more aovercome a good servinance, its levelbasic well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never beC．憎恶 D．道德感

12．斯多噶学派把心理活动划分为( ) A．认识 B．情感 C．意志 D．理性

13．常识学派的代表人物有( ) A．巴克莱 B．司徒亚特 C．休谟 D．黎德

14．伏尔夫把人的材能分为认识材能和动求材能，动求材能包括( ) A．感觉 B．记忆 C．情感 D．意志

15．十九世纪初，由于社会背景的变化及苏格兰与德国思想的影响，在法国出现了反机械主义的“反潮流”，其代表人物有( )

A．拉娄米杰 B．孔狄亚克 C．蒲朗 D．德特雷西 第二部分非选择题(共80分)

三、填空题(本大题共7小题，每空1分，共14分)

请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。

16．联想主义心理学是_________国学者于___________世纪中叶所创立，它是历史上最为悠久的心理学派别。 17．伊壁鸠鲁认为一切感觉都伴随着_________或_________的感情。

18．____________年，___________的文章《从行为主义者的眼光看心理学》发表了，至此，行为主义被公认产生。 19．提顿斯把心理过程分为理解、感情与意志三部分，其中理解与意志是 __________的，感情是____________的。

20．蒲朗用_________代替“联想”，以表明他不是_________学派。

21．笛卡儿认为世界上有三种独立存在的实体，即上帝、_________和_________

22．斯宾塞强调环境对有机体____________和心理发展的作用，认为心理是有意识的机体对环境的不断____________ 四、名词解释（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 23．次起的自动化活动 24．统觉作用 25．机制 26．升华

27．个体无意识

五、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分） 28．简述冯德（特）在心理学史的重大贡献。 29．简述黑灵的空间知觉天生说的基本观点。 30．简述亚历士多德对灵魂的看法。

31．构造主义心理学认为心理学的研究问题有哪些？六、论述题（本大题共2小题，共27分） 六、论述题

32．（本题13分）试述格式塔的组织原则。

33．（本题14分）试述神经特殊能力说与感官分工说的区别。

2009年4月高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试

心理学史 试卷

第一部分选择题(共20分）

一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题．每小题1分．共10分）

1明确提出心理三分法．使西方心理学以后就用三分法代替了二分法的德国学者是A A提顿斯 B康德 C冯特 D本尼克 2笛卡儿对情绪作了分类，他认为原始情绪有B

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be A 7种 B 6种 C 5种 D 4种 3“心理化学”这一概念明确的提出者是英国的B

A詹姆斯.穆勒 B约翰·穆勒 C布朗 D洛克 4提出B=f(S．A)公式的是D A勒温 B吴伟士 C华生 D托尔曼 5第一个把心理学定义为行为科学的人是A A麦独孤 B华生 C汉密尔顿 D勒温

6古希腊提出“人是万物的尺度“的智者是B A希波克拉底 B普罗泰哥拉 C德谟克利特 D巴门尼德

7莱比锡大学创建世界上第一个心理学实验室是在 A1869年 B1809年 C1900年 D1908年 8《遗传的天才》的作者是B

A斯宾塞 B高尔顿 C达尔文 D麦独孤 9被认为是芝加哥机能主义学派正式开始的作品是A

A《在心理学中的反射弧概念) B《机能主义心理学的领域》

C《动力心理学》 D《动物和人类的目的行为) 10促进了美国机器教学运动的发展，发表《教学机器》的是C A魏斯 B托尔曼 C斯金纳 D华生 二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题．每小题2分，共10分)

11伏尔夫把人的材能分为认识材能和动求材能，其中认识材能包括ADE A感觉 B情绪 C意志 D记忆 E注意

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality

well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be12奥古斯丁认为，灵魂的活动与心理的活动是统一的．灵魂的功能有BCD A感觉 B理智 C意志 D自觉的记忆 E知觉

13对身心关系持身心平行论看法的有ABCD A铁钦纳 B冯特 C斯宾诺莎 D佚尔夫

14美国心理学家詹姆士把身体反应不强烈的情绪定义为细致的情绪，如 ABC A道德感 B理智感 C美感 D憎恶 E惧怕

15完形主义心理学的代表人物有ACD

A韦特海默 B布伦塔诺 C科夫卡 D克勒 E罗杰斯

第二部分非选择题(共80分)

三、填空题（本大题共7小题．每空1分．共14分)

16．十四世纪末至十七世纪初是西方从—封建主义—主义向—资本主义—主义过渡的时期，一般称这 个时期为文艺复兴时期。

17.斯宾诺莎认为世界唯一的实体是无限的自然界，心灵——是这一实体的思维属性， 物质是这一实体的扩延属性。

18.黑灵认为视网膜上有三种物质：红绿质——、—黄蓝质—和白黑质。 19.斯宾塞认为，心理学既是—自然科学—的一部分，又是社会科学——的基础。 20.卡巴尼斯提出来的内感觉相当于后来所说的—机体—感觉和—本受—感觉。 21.弗兰西斯·培根主张科学方法应该是运用由具体——到—一般—的归纳法。

22.机能主义心理学是在反对—构造主义—心理学基础上发展起来的，在1912年之后，就被行为主义 心理学所取代。

四、名词解释(本大题共5小题．每小题3分。共15分）

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be23.复合感觉： 24.生活风格： 25.尝试错误说： 26.感觉与反省两源说： 27.里博定律：

五、简答题(本大题共4小题．每小题6分．共24分） 28简述W—S—OW—R—W这一公式的含义。 29简述弗洛伊德的人格结构理论。 30简述神经特殊能力说。

31简述赫尔巴特对统觉作用及其规律的观点。 六、论述题(本大题共2小题。共27分)

32(本题13分)试述布朗的九条联想副(次级)律。 33(本题14分)试述冯特对心理学研究方法的观点。

2010年4月高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试 心理学史 试卷 (课程代码 10074)

一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 1．主张进行自然教育，让孩子走向自然的是（ D ）P109

A. 爱尔维修 B．孔狄亚克 C. 马勒伯朗士 D．卢梭 2．在心理学史上被称为反射动作学说的创始人的是（ A ）P65

A. 笛卡儿 B. 华生 C．斯金纳 D. 巴甫洛夫 3．对身心关系的看法是身心交感论与平行论混合的是（ B ）P43

A. 莱布尼茨 B．奥古斯丁 C．斯宾诺莎 D．铁钦纳

4．在心理学史上，第一个将实验法与数学测定法结合起来研究感觉的人是（ C ）P158 A. 冯德 B．费希纳 C．韦伯 D. 比纳 5．脑作为心理的器官的看法逐渐被巩固下来的初始者是（ A ）P42

A. 格林 B．亚里士多德 C．希波克拉底 D．柏拉图 6．《畀思黑》一书，有人译为《灵魂论》，它的作者是（ C ）P30

A. 苏格拉底 B．柏拉图 C. 亚里士多德 D．毕达哥拉斯 7．爱宾浩斯从记忆实验研究得到“遗忘曲线”，所用记忆材料是（ C ）P188 A．几何图形 B．数字符号 C. 无意义音节 D．文字材料 8．布伦塔诺对后来心理学的影响相当大，他的心理学称为（ D ）P195

A. 内容心理学 B．二部心理学 C. 二重心理学 D．作为心理学

9．闵斯特伯格于1897年起定居美国，他倡导一种广义的应用心理学和在实验方面的创见给美国心理学留下较深的影响，他原籍是（ A ）P219

A. 德国 B．英国 C．法国 D．荷兰

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitalitywell, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. o achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \phasis on\of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \nd \h subjective efforts, take another look at the objective condition; both \nother look at the \on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \nfidelity\ople-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains the development of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be10．1904年在美国出版的(青春期)一书的作者是（ B ）P213 A. 卡特尔 B．霍尔 C. 魏斯 D．拉德 二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)

11．十四世纪末至十七世纪初是西方封建主义向资本主义过渡的时期，这个时期被称为（ AC ）P48

A. 再生时期 B．反启蒙时期 C．文艺复兴时期 D．启蒙时期 E．黑暗时期

12．对骨相学的创立与发展起重要作用的人物有（ BC ）P131

A．比兰 B．斯铺宰姆 C．哥尔 D．布朗 E．贝克莱 13．认为一切知识来源于感官经验，人出生时心是空白的人是（ AB ）P79

A. 阿奎那P44 B．洛克P79 C. 霍布斯P76 D．司各脱P45 E．笛卡尔P61 14．洛克认为经验材料的来源有（ BC ）P79

A．运动 B．反省 C．感觉 D. 学习 E．天赋 15．德谟克利特认为灵魂原子遍布全身，但特别集中于（ ABCE ）P24

A. 感官 B．脑 C．肝脏 D．松果腺 E．心脏 三、填空题(本大题共7小题，每空1分，共15分)

16．亚里士多德把心理功能区分为（ 认识 ）和（ 动求 ）两大类。P31

17．提斯顿把心理过程分为（ 理解 ）、（ 感情 ）和（ 意志 ）三部分。P125

18．孔狄亚克认为（ 感觉 ）是一切知识的来源，各种心理过程都只是它的（ 变相 ）。P110

19．阿那克西曼德认为万物的本源是“无限者”，由它分离出两种相对立的物质：（ 热 ）与（ 冷 ）。P17 20．达尔文的进化论使（ 比较 ）心理学得以产生，并促进了（ 儿童 ）心理学的发展。P176 21．冯特于（ 1879 ）年在（ 莱比锡 ）大学创建了世界上第一个心理学实验室。P180 22．美国心理学家詹姆士把情绪分为两类：（ 粗糙 ）情绪和（ 细致 ）的情绪。P210 四、名词解释(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)

23．情操：情操是情绪的最高、最集中的表现，它们往往在人的行为中起着很大作用。例如爱祖国的情操。P281 24．微振：是指神经的振动是由外物引起的，引起之后在脑中要保持一段时间，这时的振动就叫微振。微振与振动基本一样，只不过微振在振动的份量上更加微弱，二者没有性质的区别只有量上和程度上的不同。P96

25．神经阶层说：卡巴尼斯提出神经阶层说，认为神经分为高层和低层，神经系统的高层是脑，低层是脊髓。高层具有意识，包括感觉、思想和意志；低层没有意识，而只有一种反射活动或动作。高层和低层之间还有一层，即中层，也就是说，意识和无意识之间有半意识。P114

26．复合感觉：马勒伯朗士认为人的经验的单位，不是孤立的感觉而是复合感觉，是过去的经验与当前的 感觉的结合。这种结合是立刻的，意识不到的，所以马勒伯朗士称为“复合感觉”，又叫做“自然判断”意即不是通常意义上的判断。自然判断是人明知其不正确也 无法不那样知觉。P68

27．集体无意识：集体无意识。这个最深的意识层次是个体所不知的。它包含着远祖在内的过去所有各个世代所积累起来的经验的影响。集体无意识不反映个体的历史和经验。P277 五、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分) 28．简述柏拉图的灵魂三级论。P29

29．简述苏格兰学派的主要观点。P100-101 30．简述原始材能说。P150

31．美国心理学走机能主义道路的理论基础是什么?P207 六、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题13分，共26分) 32．试述勒温的“场论”。P262

33．学习心理学史应着重掌握哪几个方面的内容.P1－3

eople-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. To treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistiunderstanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \on\spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \s place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\s the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \benefit of\ously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \plug in own responsibility\ng cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality

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