新东方考研英语金牌资料写作（5-6部分）

第五部分 写作常用句型与过渡词语

英语的句型千姿百态，就像一个词可以有许多同义词一样，一种句型也可以有许多具有相同意思但不同模式的类型。我们只有对这些变化多端的句型千锤百炼，烂熟于心，才能在具体运用时应付自如，随意调遣。因此，在日常训练中，应多做一些句型之间的转换、不同句式的造句练习及相同句式不同意思的翻译等等。以下的就是各种并排的句型和造句。

1．表示开头的句型 ·with the development improvement rise growth recognition realization acknowledgement

例文

of ..., we

learn know see find feel that ...

With the development of traffic tools, the communication between us becomes more and more frequent. No matter where your friends and relatives live, it is always very easy to pay a visit to them if you would like. Therefore, when you meet an old friend on a strange street, you may exclaim: \

·With the

rapid amazing marked

development increase growth expansion of economy, China has become increasingly prosperous

例文

With the help of the computer, this project was completed much earlier than planned. With a will of iron and a heart of love, Mother Teresa served the dying and desperate in India and around the world.

believe ·Some people

say maintain advocate advise hold think claim

例文

that..., while others

say believe maintain think claim advocate argue propose that...

Some people say the most important element to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. There is no doubt that successful people take advantage of opportunities. But if a man

does nothing but wait for the chance to come will achieve anything but success.

·Now people in

growing numbers are increasing significan beginning coming to

realize recognize understand accept be aware

that...

例文

Now people in growing numbers are coming to recognize that the business spirit, which carries in its torrential course so many of the talents and energies of men into money - making, has shaped our culture and influenced our ideals and aspirations as a people.

For some time..., it has been...

例文

For some time in the past it has been widely accepted that babiesand other creatureslearn to do things because certain acts lead to \But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理)\as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

survey , there have occurred... ·According to recent

poll study report research

例文

According to a Worldwide Wildlife Fund report, by 1970, only about 4,500 tigers survived throughout the world-half of them in India.

as far as...is concerned · 就??来说 When it comes to... In the case of

例文

In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture.

established that... ·Researchers have

proved indicated shown declared claimed found announced made it known

例文

Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.

·It has been

well known believed found proved reported estimated demanded agreed that...人们发现，据报道，据估计

例文

It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early froms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire.

· A proverb says... As the old Chinese saying goes... Many people often ask this question... As we all know... As far as I know...

· Various views exist as to... It goes without saying... No one can deny that... There is no doubt that... We must recognize that... What is more serious is that... Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I believe that...

· We might marvel at In spite of/despite 常言道??

中国有句古话??

许多人常提出这个问题?? 据我所知??

关于??有许多说法 人们都承认?? 毫无疑问?? 我们必须认识到?? 更为严重的是?? 别人也许觉得这个主张是正确的,但我不,我认 为??

progress stride advance made in

the

great giant extraordinary tremendous science and technology nearly every field

, but...remain

basically unchanged the same as it was as...as ever they were 例文

We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.

· “...”

how often we hear we are used to hearing many people have heard such

statement words complaint as this

described ... ·“...”That's how one college student official commented housewife complained father criticized

例文

\learnt in college is junk.\-- That's how one college graduate described his frustration in looking for a job. He is hardly alone in the experience. Actually there are thousands of college graduates who complain that the degree they took away can't help them to secure a rewarding job, and the knowledge they acquired in class can't be transformed into useful job skills. · “Why

例文

\

Many people often ask the question like this. Surely it is because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in morality, it has made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology.

the idea of... · Perhap， we should rethink s it is time to reexamine value Maybe have a fresh look at attitude wisdom desirability

many people talk about now is ... ·One of the biggest issues hottest topics complain most popular things argue most serious problems

例文

One of the most popular topics many city residents talk about now is the tide of the rural poor flooding the cities. They complain that the migrants have brought crime and prostitution, that they are putting pressure on population control and social order: that they are threatening to take

do have

...？”Many people often

ask pose raise

the question like this

already scarce city jobs and exacerbating housing shortages; and that they have worsened traffic and sanitation problems. True, these are the problems posed by the migration, but what about the contribution the rural workers have made to the city's development and prosperity?

facing our nation today is ... ·One of the searching problems burning questions confronting society pressing world interesting exciting urgent

例文

One of the basic questions facing our society today is: What promise or threat does new technology hold for our global future? Since the decision our society makes about technological development will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in the years to come it is urgently necessary to explore this question, especially by examining science and technology in their relationship to the development of humanity.

·There is a

public general much considerable debate discussion controversy argument nowadays today at present

concerning on about over as to

the problem of .... Those who criticize oppose object to

· Now Perhaps Nowadays

of ... which is

...

contend argue say maintain nation society world college that...

, the most dangerous undesirable harmful. for our

is the trend tendency phenomenon

apparent obvious evident pervasive rampant under way in...

例文

perhaps most dangerous for our nation now is the official corruption which is rampant in nearly every field of our society. Once our officials were content with television sets or imported cigarettes as payment for official services, they now demand land rights, stock certificates, and even directly dollars.

·All

reliable data statistic evidence scientific observations pile up to show justify points to the

fact view that...

available information undoubted facts

例文

lend support to All available evidence points to the fact that more and more young people are declaring their allegiance to traditional values. Traditional weddings seem to be making a comeback, for example. But this is only a partial, not a complete, reversal.

·One may

attribute ascribe owe the

increase decrease change to...

·These factors, coupled with the growth change recognition realization

· Many factors weigh heavily Various affect greatly Several

例文

of…

lead to contribute to result in help ...

...

for against in favor of Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any study is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out with effective contact with their fellow scientists.

... has drawn/aroused ·Recently the rise in phenomenon of caused// aroused problem of loomed up questions of public/popular/grave/ world-wide attention/concern wide/general/considerable

例文

Recently, the alarm about the problem of the use of genetic technologies on human beings have caused wide public concern, and understandably so. With nuclear energy threatening global catastrophe and with so many other technological advances visibly damaging the quality of life, who would wish to have scientists tampering with man's inner nature? Indeed, fear of such manipulation may arouse even more anxiety than fear of death.

·In recent few years the past few decades , there

is has been a

sharp/ marked / sudden / dramatic increase / growth/ rise / decline in ... astonishing / increasing / sizable number/ percentage/ proportion / population of ...

例文

In recent years, there is an increasing number of people, especially young people, who show little interest in correcting social inequalities and injustices. According to a national poll last year, eighteen to twenty-nine year-olds agreed by large percentages that young people today are \than with their own personal future.

, there has been · Recently Nowadays a Currently In the past few years So far general widespread growing widely-held concern worry realization belief trend feeling attitude that ...

·Recently the

problem issue question of ... has been

in the limelight/brought into focus brought public attention posed among the general public

例文

The problem of development vs. environment has now been in the limelight. Nowhere is the clash more visible than in China, where the world's largest population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a large scale. ·

How do you What do you Do you ever answer reply think of ... ?

How do you What do you Do you ever see ... ?

·In

to these questions, we must...

例文

How do we think of the heavy burden a student has to carry from kindergarten through graduate school? How do we measure success in education? How does education affect not only labour skills but the quality of life? In seeking answers to such questions, there is much room —— indeed necessity —— for consideration and robust debate.

·They believe that ... But people who

advocate favour ..., on the other hand,

maintain that... assert

例文

There is much discussion today about whether fast economic growth is desirable. Those

who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, and the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people. ·To

a common belief that reason why a popular belief that many factors that no denying that illustrate prove show this point, let us

consider ask why look first at develop argument ·There is/ are

例文

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?

curious interesting ·It is a unusual considerable tremendous

natural It is

interesting

例文

paradox discovery finding that ... .

for ... to ...

It's very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative.

Many authors have argued for ... ·

We find/ feel/ know that

例文

Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise. that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or

maintain leadership of the group. ·

The question of whether war is inevitable The concept/ question of \The significance/ importance of ... is ...

例文

The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.

2. 表示承上启下、段落发展的句型

may be expressed as follows: ·My idea opinion view reason viewpoint plan

cite an single quote common mention another ·We may take

additional point out extra have further possess

·The

opinion idea view theory may be

supported proved born out example of

by

facts details statistics the fact that

decrease fall growth change decline increase

effects ·There various many causes are

different reasons several implications a number of views a variety of arguments a great many in ? Firstly ?, Secondly ?, Finally ?,

例文

for this sharp dramatic marked significant extraordinary Every sword has two blades. Problems do exist in some college students' two-day weekend. Some Lazy students may spend most of the time sleeping, doing nothing else. Some may he addicted to playing cards, drinking, leaving their homework far away. Therefore, the two-day weekend can bring nothing useful to them.

·The answer to explanation of

complex complicated interrelated For one thing Some

例文(a)

this

problem phenomenon factors reasons involves

many several

, ...

For another Others ...

Still another Still others The factors for a big rise in the teenage smoking are complex. Some attribute it to the increased standard of living which enables kids to have more pocket money than ever before. others place the blame on the neglectful parents who tolerate and sometimes even encourage their kids smoking. Still others complain of the sharp increase in cigarette advertising and tobacco imports which give young people easy access to Marlboro, Kent and Parliament. Whatever the causes, only particular external.

例文(b)

The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students there learn the social skill of cooperation. Another advantage is that they learn much more math and science than most American students. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than their North American counterparts do. The system is demanding, but it prepares children for a society that values discipline and self-control. There are, however, disadvantages. For one thing, many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information they memorized. For another, the extremely demanding system puts enormous psychological pressure on students, and is considered a primary factor in the high suicide rate among Japanese school-age children.

.Why is...?

例文

Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall's U.S. employees know two languages. ·Why

have are did

?？

For one thing, ? . One reason is ? reason is ...

For another, ? Another reason is ?

·Perhaps the

most important main primary crucial essential

例文

Hence As mentioned above, the only possibility to ... would be ... In summary, To sum up, On this background, it was concluded that What is essential, however, is ... to be In a word, The result is dependent on Thus, this is the reason why we must In brief, At last, At length In conclusion, From this paint of view, On account of this we can find that To summarize, As a result, In short, 一言以蔽之，

总的来说，

In a word, I think the interview will do good to both the interviewer and the interviewee. By an interview the interviewer can find a suitable person if both of them make the best of the job interview.

·It is high time we

例文

put urged

an immediate end to the

deplorable undesirable deep-seated unhealthy terrible

situation phenomenon tendency circumstance It is high time that we urged an immediate end to this deplorable phenomenon. Our colleges and universities should be more willing to shoulder their responsibilities to students and their families. But too often, these responsibilities have been evaded. This we cannot afford.

4．和词组有关的句型 cluster 可数 crowd

couple ·a of 大批的，许多的，大量的

great many good many great variety of flood of great (large) choice crew flock shower heap host multitude of/multitudes of handful 不可数 large sum large mount sea world a good supply of a battery of a series of a succession of

air · one's viewpoint about sth. 对??发表观点

voice

all of sudden · 突然，

all the while 一直，始终， all the year round 一年到头， year in year out 洗耳恭听 all ears

·anything but决不，决不是，除??以外什么都是 例如：He is anything but a writer.他绝对不是一个作家。 apply one's mind to

apply (address) oneself to ·

set one's mind to 全力以赴，专心致志 focus one's effort on put one's effort bend one's effort concentrate one's effort on

as far as ... be concerned ·

when it comes to 就??而言 in the case of

. ·As 词组： as many as (无具体意义） 例如：As many as 100 persons were killed in the air crash as early as I came here as early as 8 o'clock. （表强调） as often as He promised to write home as often as possible once he as much as got there.（尽量多写信） As for (只用于句首）， 至于，至于，关于 as to 就??而论 as regards as a result as a consequence 结果 consequently as yet 到目前为止 as the saying goes 常言道 might as well 不妨 as it were 也就是说，即

as good as one's word as follows

As occasion serves As the matter stands As the case may be

· as luck would have it luckily fortunately

言行一致 如下

一有机会，一有适当时机，方便的时候 按照现状

看情况，根据具体情况

幸运的是

As such 照此，就以这种身份（资格）

例如：He was a guest and was treated as such

Such as 诸如

例如：Such girls as he knew were teachers.

例如：Such being the case 事实既然如此

例如：Such ...as (定语从句）

Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.

Such as to/such that

例如：His behavior is such as to make his friends angry.

· on the point of on the verge of 将要做??事情 on the brink of · attach importance to lay importance on put importance on 认为??很重要

put value on view ...as important make point of

goal · Attain Reach one's purpose Get aim 达到??的目的 Arrive at view Achieve be crammed with · be crowded with 塞满了??

be packed with be jammed with 例如：His hard work is crowded with success. 他的艰苦工作终于取得了成功。

· come down in the world .破败，衰落

例如：His was once a millionaire, but now has come down in the world.

come up in the world 发迹，发财

例如：With such a big sum of money to support, he finally come up in the world.

come up with 想出来

例如：She has come up with better ideas to improve her previous plans.

came down with 生??病

例如：Stephen came down with a bad cold because he walked in the rain.

· give away unfold expose indicate 显示，表现

index exhibit show reveal 例如：Mother's burst into tears on Wednesday index her vulnerability.

· shed light on throw light on, 解释 help to explain sth.

· Put ...into use Make use of sth. Employ 利用?? Take advantage of Utilize 例如：I'd like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my profound thanks to you.

be innocent of be short of ... 没有，缺乏

· lack be in shortage of

·do without: 没??也行

例如：If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.

make do with: 勉强凑合：She refuses to make do with the second best.

be apt to be prone to

· have the tendency of 易于，有??趋势 be inclined to be liable to 例如：His mother is liable to sea-sickness. 他母亲总是好晕船。

be addicted to 沉湎于，沉浸于

· indulge oneself in

· On + doing sth. —??就??：

例如：On entering the classroom, the teacher ...

,he... ·On hearing coming arriving leaving knowing learning

·be seized with a sudden impulse to do sth。 突然心血来潮想做某事

例如：He is seized with a sudden impulse to go swimming immediately after lunch.

Make sure that · See that 务必??一定?? Make certain that Be sure to do sth. 例如：Make sure that you will never be late next time. on no account in no time 决不 · in no case under no circumstances on no condition a visit to

a call on · Pay 拜访 heed to 注意 homage to one's compliments to 向??表示敬意，问好 respect regard honor to danger

work · out of 失业，没有工作 line 不成一线，不符和 question 毫无疑问，不成问题 the question 不可能

condition 身体状况不好

date fashion doors 失宠 favor 变形 shape

· beyond:

beyond praise beyond endurance beyond description beyond compare beyond words

beyond one's income

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