2013年粤教版思想品德八年级上册复习提纲

According to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha粤教版思想品德八年级上册复习提纲

第一单元第一节《自尊自爱》

1.自爱的含义:珍爱我的生命，认识我的精神世界，悦纳并完善我自己，这就是自爱。 2.如何做到自爱？（1）懂得自己的生命是宝贵的，珍惜它，维护它，不使它收到伤害；（2）学会认识自己是一个怎样的人，期待和追求更加美好的自我；（3）懂得自己喝社会生活有怎样的关系，怎样适应和创造更好的社会生活。

3.自爱的意义：（1）有了自爱，我们的人生就有了起点，有了目标，就能对自己的认识积极领悟，努力奋斗；（2）自爱是宝贵的心理品质，是美好品德的出发点。

4.自尊的含义：一个自爱的人对自己人格有充分的重视和肯定，尊重自己，爱护自己，从身体、仪表到行为、心灵，维护自己人格的尊严，不做有损人格的事情，也不容许他人损害自己的人格，这就是自尊。

5.自尊的重要性（为什么要维护自尊？）：（1）自尊是人的基本心理需要（地位）；（2）自尊是激励我们奋发向上，追求完善的自我，为他人和社会作出更多贡献的心理动力和源泉；（3）树立自尊，我们才有健康的人格，才能更好地立身社会（作用）。

6、怎样培养和维护自尊？

答：①树立自信，学会尊重自己，客观看待自己，培养积极乐观的人生态度。②不做有损人格的事情，不向别人卑躬屈膝，不容许别人其实、侮辱自己。③拒绝卑下，洁身自爱，才能维护自尊。④走出自卑，树立自信，克服自负和虚荣。

7.自尊心与羞耻心的关系？羞耻心对于形成良好品德有何作用？（如何理解羞耻心是所有品德的源泉）

①自尊心和羞耻心是互为表里的。因为有了羞耻心，人才会节制自己的行为，不做庸俗卑贱的事情，有尊严的活着。②羞耻心是所有品德的源泉，有了羞耻心，我们会为自己的不当行为而难为情；有了羞耻心，我们做了错事会感到惭愧，我们辜负了他人的期望会感到内疚。

8.自卑的含义及表现：自卑是一种自我贬低、自我否定的消极心态。当我们在自己的弱点或缺陷面前失去自信，就可能陷入自卑，就会自己看不起自己，自我贬低，甚至自暴自弃。

自卑的危害：自卑妨碍我们建立快乐的人生：（1）不利于人际关系的协调；（2）不利于心理健康；（3）不利于事业的成功。

怎样克服自卑？（1）要学会客观地看待自己，悦纳自己，培养积极乐观的人生态度；树立自尊人格。

9.自负的表现：自负是过度的自我肯定。自负的人夸大自己的优点，制造虚幻的自我满足，常常在过高的评价自己的同时贬低别人。

自负的危害：自负的人希望得到超越自己实际价值的社会肯定，结果往往适得其反。 怎样克服自负：克服自负心理要以平常心对待生活、学习和工作，消除不必要的心理压力，摆脱虚荣心的干扰。

10.虚荣的含义及表现：虚荣是追求表面的荣耀。虚荣心膨胀，就容易被夸大的言辞、华丽的外表和金钱、荣耀、排场这些看起来光彩夺目的东西遮蔽了双眼。

虚荣的危害：虚荣心使人浅薄，使人忘记真正的价值。追求虚荣使人忙于收集光环，却丢弃了钻石。虚荣不仅不能增加人的价值，反而会失去别人的尊重。

怎样克服虚荣：克服虚荣心理要脚踏实地，用真知实学来充实自己，用真诚待人来完善自己，向他人展示一个真实的自己。

11. 区别：自尊与自负，自尊与虚荣

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, s a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha病症 自卑 自负 虚荣 病 因 轻视自己，看不到自己的能力 不能全面正确看待自已和别人,只看到自已的优点，看不起别人，自以为是 自我认识模糊、过分看重他人对自己的评价 处 方 发现自已的优点和长处，创造成功记录 全面认识、评价自已和别人,看到别人的优点 全面认识正确看待评价自已和别人 第一单元第二节《明辨是非》

1.明善恶，辩是非，是做人的基本品质，做人的良知就是正确的是非善恶观。衡量是否拥有良知的标尺是——道德、法律。

2.如何铸就心中良知的标尺?

①以美好的道德陶冶自己的心灵；②懂得法律规范，遵纪守法； ③选择善良正义的人作为自己的榜样；

④学会理性分析，懂得思考不同价值选择会导致不同的后果；⑤树立美好理想，启迪自己成长。

3.为什么要在生活中学会明辨是非？

社会生活五光十色，不同的人有着不同的价值需要，不同的生活理想。有时我们会面对似是而非、界限模糊的情况，这就需要我们学会理性分析，懂得思考不同的价值选择会导致不同的后果。选择怎样的人生理想，做一个怎样的人，是每个人一生的课题。

4.怎样对待社会影响？

来自各方的社会信息，都要在我们头脑中过虑筛选，运用良知的标尺加以辨别．只有吸收有益的营养，剔除无益的，拒绝有害的毒素，我们才能健康成长。

①正确对待长辈、亲朋的影响，要分清是非，不能无原则地一概服从； ②正确对待公共传媒的影响，要学会选择；

③正确对待社会流行的影响，要独立思考，理性行动，不要盲从。 5.什么是“社会流行”？如何正确看待“社会流行”？ “社会流行”是复杂的社会文化现象，是一定时期社会的经济、文化、心理的总和反映。 对待流行的事物，我们需要独立思考，理性行动，了解他们所具有的意义、所包含的价值，避免盲目效仿追随。

6.列举中学生面临的种种诱惑，面对这些诱惑，我们怎么样学会跨越障碍，做出正确选择？（怎样才能做一个明辨是非的人？）

答：如网吧，电视，报刊，黄、赌、毒的诱惑。

我们要做正直的人，坚持正确行为，不做错事，就需要突破内心和外部的障碍。 ①首先要战胜自已，抵制诱惑，坚定自已的意志，把握正确的良知标尺，才能抵御诱惑

②必须打破情面，不追随犯错，要坚持原则，不做错事

③坚定美好理想，身体力行，做有理想有道德有文化守纪律的一代新人

第一单元第三节《自我负责》

1、如何正确理解责任感的含义 答：（1）责任感是个人对自我、对他人、对社会的自觉承担的态度。（2）有责任感就意味着正确认识自己，努力完善自己，知道自己应该做什么，认真做好自己应该做的事情，懂得修正自己的行为，对自己行为的后果负责任。

2.对“有责任感”的理解。（责任的重要性）

（1）一个人责任感的有与无、强与弱，是他的品德与素质高下的重要标志；（2）一个人能否得到他人的喜爱、信任与尊重，能否在未来的社会生活中胜任工作，取得成就，责任感都是重要前提。

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha3.少年有哪些责任？具体事例

①我们应该对自己负责： 努力学习，完成九年义务教育等 ； ②我们应该对他人负责：孝敬父母，尊敬师长，关心同学 等； ③我们应该对集体负责：团结同学，维护集体荣誉和利益等 ；

④我们应该对社会负责：关爱社会、关爱他人；遵纪守法，关爱社会，保护环境，节约资源等 ；

中途辍学是对自已不负责任的表现。与父母顶撞是不对他人负责任的行为。滥砍滥伐破坏自然和环境，是对社会的不负责任。

4.怎样培养责任感？ ①树立负责任的人生态度；②学会分析事物的因果关系；③养成先思考、后行动的习惯； ④对自己的错误或无意中的过失造成的不良后果，要勇于承担责任。接受教训，避免重蹈覆辙。

5.举两个有责任感的名人事例。

钟南山在非典期间，战斗在抗击非典的最前线 鲁迅三改志愿为祖国

例题：以“责任”为题开一主题班会

答：活动主题：承担责任，健康成长做有责任感的人 活动形式：讨论，演讲比赛，标语宣传 活动步骤：

1）主持人宣布活动开始

2）请班主任老师讲勇担责任的重要性 3）观看影片《永远的丰碑》影视片断 4）学生讨论，代表发言

5）活动结束，全体起立，唱国歌

第二单元第一节《诚实守信》

1.诚实的内涵（基本原则）

诚实意味着实事求是，表里如一，说实话，做实事，不虚伪，不夸大其辞，不文过饰非，不自欺斯人。(P32)

2.诚实的意义(重要性)

①诚实是做人的基本原则，是美好道德的核心，是各种良好品格的基础； ②只有在一颗诚实的心中才能够生长出善良、正直、勇敢、谦逊的美德； ③只有一个诚实的人才能信守诺言，履行规定，获得他人的信任与尊重；

④只有诚实守信，才能建立良好的人际关系，打下牢靠的事业基础，取得坚实的人生业绩；

⑤只有人人诚实守信，社会次序才能有条不紊，文明进步才有可能。 3.怎样做诚实的人？

①拒谎言；A.说谎的原因：为了利益或面子等缘由。B.谎言的危害：a撒谎带来的暂时利益污染了人格，使心灵变得晦暗；b谎言败露的同时是信用的丧失、友谊的毁坏；c人一旦撒谎成性，最终将遭到朋友和社会的唾弃。

②重承诺； A.怎样做一个重承诺的人：a.言出必行；b.决不轻易许诺。

③诚实并不反对必要的沉默；涉及侵害人家隐私权的内容我们应该保持沉默。 ④诚实并不排斥“善意的谎言”。区分清楚“善意的谎言”和谎言的目的。

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha4、撒谎的危害：

撒谎会污染人格，造成心灵的晦暗，谎言败露的同时是信用的丧失、友谊的毁坏，最终将遭到朋友和社会的唾弃，有的还会受到法律制裁。

5、守信与承诺：学会诚实做人，就要懂得承诺的重要性，你的承诺一经作出就应该兑现。没有能力做的、不打算做的、不应该做的事情，决不能去承诺。一个小小的诺言的兑现，都是你人生信用大厦的一块石子，一个人的信用是靠始终一贯的诚实守信的行为建立起来的。(P33)

6、诚实、隐私与“善意的谎言” 1、诚实与隐私的关系？

人应该诚实，但是不等于无所顾忌地、不适当地说出一切。诚实是拒绝谎言，却不排除必要的沉默。我们有权保留自己的隐私，也应该尊重他人的隐私，也应该懂得在适当的场合 和对象面前适当地说话。不分场合和对象，将不适当的话和盘托出，即使是说的真话，那也是不诚实的表现。

2、“善意的谎言”，出于安慰、鼓励、帮助他人的目的，是与人为善的行为，与不负责、不讲信用、损人利己的撒谎行为完全不能相提并论。(P35-36)

7、坚守诚信的绿洲

1、正确看待社会生活中的不诚信行为。市场经济大潮中难免泥沙俱下，鱼龙混杂，这些只是社会前进大潮中的逆流漩涡。中国社会是在不断地向前发展的，文明的进步是逐渐实现的，因此我们应该从自己做起，以自己的道德行为改善社会。(P34)

2、诚实守信是传统美德。我们要学会做一个诚实的人，诚恳地待人，诚实地学习、生活。坚守诚信美德，以自己美好的人格和行为为一个诚信的社会增光添彩。

知识链接（考考你）

1、社会生活复杂的，人们的道德水准参差不齐。在我们的身边，总会看到一些不诚实的人，不守信的行为。（1）请你列举三例校园生活中的不诚信现象。

答：例如抄作业；考试作弊；向家长谎报在学校的成绩、表现；答应家长老师要好好学习，却不付诸行动等等。 （2）、针对这些现象，请你为“打造诚信校园”提几点有益的建议。

答：1、加强对学生进行诚信教育，教育学生不抄作业，诚信考试；2、加大对诚信的宣传，张贴诚信标语，营造良好的诚信校园氛围；3、组织诚信校园辩论赛、征文比赛、演讲比赛等。

2、考场上，当监考老师走远时，你的同桌偷偷拿出教材来，并示意你也这样做，你此时的正确做法是什么？理由是什么？

正确做法：制止他或考试后给他讲明道理或考后建议老师加强诚信教育

理由：诚实守信是公民的基本行为规范。（及诚信的重要性） 3、以“诚信”为题组织一次辩论赛 （1）主题：怎样做诚信的人 （2）确定相关的辩题：“礼貌与诚信”、“竞争与诚信”、“老实人是否吃亏”、“诚实与谎言”等

（3）辩论赛的组织：要有支持人，邀请评委，辩手分别由一、二、三、四辩组成，并按照正规比赛程序进行，由正方与反方在老师规定时间内展开辩论。

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha（4）辩论程序：①明确辩论的目的，②做好辩论准备，③开展辩论，④做好总结。 4、以“诚信”为主题，组织一次班会

第二单元第二节《平等待人》

1.平等包括人格上的平等（平等的内涵：作为人，每个人天生就应该具有同等的生命权利、发展权利和追求幸福的权利）和法律上的平等。

2、为什么说人的生命是独特的，人格是平等的？ ①人与人的天赋千差万别，但每个人都具有天赋平等的人格。作为人，每个人天生就应该具有同等的生命权利、发展权利和追求幸福的权利。这就意味着，作为人，每个人的人格都是平等的。平等主要是指人格和法律上的平等。平等的人格应该得到同样的尊重。尊重他、以平等的态度去对待他人，这是一个正直的人应有的待人之道。平等待人是现代人的基本素质。②作为人，每个人天生就应该具有同等的生命权利、发展权利和追求幸福的权利，这就是说，作为人，每个人的人格都是平等的。

3、平等是社会进步的体现

①平等是一个逐步实现的过程，是人类长期追求的美好理想之一。②不平等是落后和愚昧的表现，平等是在社会进步中逐渐实现的。③今天，平等已经是全世界公认的共同价值，我国的社会主义制度从多方面促进社会平等，保障人民在法律上的平等地位。

4、正确认识现实中的差异和不平等 （1）原因：人们在天赋上的容貌、智力、体力等存在差别，社会生活中红存在财富多寡、分工不同、机遇不同等；还有种族民族的差异、文化语言的差异、年龄的差异、性别的差异等。

（2）正确态度：承认差异，但要做到平等待人，尊重他人，不能抹煞差别追求绝对平均主义，也不能强调差别 以此划分人的等级。①每个人在人格上和法律上的平等，但是不能消除人与人的差异，也不能使机会、财富和各种社会资源完全平均分配；②如果我们不能正确对待人们之间的差异和现实中的不平等现象，这些差异和不平等现象便可能成为歧视态度的根源；③正因为存在人的差异和现实中的不平等现象，尊重他人、平等待人才显示出美好的道德价值。

5、怎样做到尊重他人，平等待人？

不因人们之间的差异而划分尊卑等级，显示不同的态度。应表现为无论对方的（天赋、出身、贫富、职务）如何，都本着（真诚、尊重、友善、礼貌）的态度相待。

①要有发自内心对他人人格的尊重；

②做到平等待人，要有客观的实事求是的态度； ③做到平等待人，要摒除陈腐观念；

④让我们认清歧视的错误和危害，努力清除人与人之间的各种歧视。 6、例题：（1）、我们的周围有许多残疾人，我们应试以何种态度去对待他们？ 答：平等、友善、关爱、真诚、尊重、理解、宽容等态度。 （2）、残疾人在生活中经常会遇到常人难以想象的困难，我们应该如何去帮助他们？如何做到平等待人？

答：在精神上不歧视，平等对待他们；在情感上关心、体贴、照顾他们，和他们进行交流和沟通；在物质生活上，给与他们一定的资助和力所能及的帮助。 （3）、为了保障残疾人的正常生活，国家和社会采取了很多做法和措施，写出你所知道的三种。

答：公交车等处设有残疾人专座；车站、码头、机场、广场等处设有残疾人通道如盲道等；成立有关残疾人的组织，如残疾人联合会、残疾人基金会等维护残疾人的合法权益；

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some

According to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha立法上，制定了《残疾人权益保障法》等。

7、如果在穿着方面不如同学，是否就低人一等，有点抬不起头来？

人与人之间在人格、法律上是平等的，有同样的人格尊严。穿着方面不如别人，不必有低人一等的感觉，人的美应该是内在美与外在美的统一，中学生衣着整洁、得体即可，能给人健康活泼的感觉，就会凸显青春的靓丽。

第二单元第三节《与人为善》

*1.善良的内涵：善良就是一颗真诚广博的爱心。善良包含着克己、为人、真诚、尊重、理解、宽容、奉献、正直、勇敢等多方面的美德。归结起来善良：是一颗真诚广博的爱心。

2. 善良的特征（要求）：

①善良是无私的；②善良之心是博大的；③与人为善要是非分明；④善良要见诸行动。 3.与人为善：以善良之心待人。将心比心是与人为善的思考方式和行为方式。 4.如何理解“将心比心” ①将心比心就是急人所难； ②将心比心就是成人之美；

③将心比心就是不以残忍冷酷的方式对待别人；

④要培养与人为善的品德，就必须摒弃伤害他人的恶习。

5、善良的重要性：善良是人类最美好的德行之一，是美好品德的基石。 6.“己所不欲，勿施于人”的道理？

我们都知道受伤害是痛苦的。将心比心，我们也应该避免去伤害别人，造成别人的痛苦。这就是己所不欲、勿施于人的道理。

7、如何才能做到与人为善？答：与人为善，首先要正确认识善良，知道善良是真诚的广博的爱心，无私、是非分明、广博、见诸行动。其次，要将助人作为快乐之本；最后要做到将心比心，己所不欲，勿施于人。

第三单元第一节《理解与宽容》

*1.理解的内涵

理解他人，就是超越狭隘的个人经验和个人好恶，以开放的胸怀去体察他人的处境、感受和想法，从而消除误解与隔阂，造就和谐融洽的人际关系。

2.为什么人际交往需要理解？

①人与人之间存在差异，如果人们之间没有相互理解，差异就会成为不可逾越的鸿沟，社会就可能变成永无休止的战场。②建立和谐的人际关系从理解开始。

3.尊重、善良、沟通与理解的关系？（怎样理解他人？）

①尊重是理解的前提 ②善意使理解成为可能 ③达到理解需要积极的沟通 *4.宽容的内涵

宽容，就是以一种谅解和包容的心态和行为去对待与自己不同的观点和意见、与自己不同的性格和志趣、甚至是别人的过错和冒犯，达到人与人多样化的共处与合作。

5.宽容的重要性、意义（为什么生活中不能没有宽容？）：社会生活不能没有宽容，有宽容才能共处，有宽容才有创造，有宽容才能成就事业。

6.如何培养宽容精神？ ①培养宽容精神正确认识自己，理解个人知识和能力的局限性，对不同意见保持谦虚的态度；

②培养宽容精神不断求知；

③培养宽容精神要学会把握自己的情绪，做到换位思考。

7、宽容意味着事事都要做出忍让吗？（如何正确理解宽容？）

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha宽容并不意味着放弃自己独立思考和主张，为了一团和气，一味地迎合别人。坚持自己认为正确的意见，同时，容纳别人合理的意见，和而不同，既维护个人创造性又保持集体合作，是和谐人际关系中不可缺少的两个方面。

第三单元第二节 欣赏与赞美

1.欣赏他人的含义：就是怀着愉悦的心态，去发现、感受和吸纳他人所表现出来的优美和可爱之处。

2.欣赏的重要性（为什么要欣赏他人?）：欣赏,是审美能力的体现,也是积极人生态度的体现，能欣赏他人，是一种取之不尽的人生财富。

3.为什么说任何人身上都有美好闪光之处？（如何在别人身上发现美？怎样欣赏他人？）

①人的不同体态有不同的美； ②人的不同性格有不同的美；③人身上还有一种深刻的美，会超越我们感官爱好，打动和丰富我们的心灵。

4.赞美的重要性（为什么要赞美他人?） 真诚的赞美是促使人不断完善的美好途径；

如果你需要指出别人过失，赞美不失为一种巧妙迂回的方法； 用赞美去温暖别人的心灵，你也会感受别人给你的温暖。 5.如何赞美他人（赞美应注意什么？）

①我们应积极地赞美比人，②真诚的赞美是促进人不断完善的美好的途径，③巧妙迂回的赞美是一种好的批评方法，④赞美比人必须是真心实意的。

6.是否是赞美的依据——是否是真心实意的。

7、赞美的话：你做的很好！你很棒！你很…（活泼、可爱、乐观、上进…）！ 我喜欢你…（性格好、做事认真负责、朋友多…）！

第三单元第三节 竞争与合作

1.竞争的含义：竞争是激发人自我提高意识和能力的活动。 2.竞争的作用：竞争对每个人来说既是动力，也是压力。 （1）竞争的积极作用（为什么竞争是前进的动力？）：

①在社会生活中，竞争是激发人的自我提高意识和能力的活动；

②竞争能够激发人们的上进心和创造力，使个人的智慧与力量得到充分的发掘和施展，群体也就能够获得更快的发展进步；③良性竞争是公平合理的竞争，是社会发展的推动力量，可以加速各项事业的发展，加快社会进步。(①竞争是个人前进的动力 ②竞争是集团前进的动力 ③竞争是国家社会发展的动力)

（2）竞争的消极影响（为什么竞争是一种压力

①使人陷入自卑而一蹶不振；②引发过分的紧张和焦虑；③怨天尤人，妒忌成功者，心理失衡。

3.竞争的类型：

良性竞争：公平合理的竞争，是社会发展的推动力量；

恶性竞争：是以不正当的卑劣或非法手段进行的竞争，是社会发展的破坏力量。 4.如何面对竞争压力？ ①面对竞争压力，我们需要锻炼自己的心理素质；

②面对竞争压力，我们还必须采取正当的方式，遵守公平竞争规则，坚守自己的人格； ③在竞争要尊重对手。

*5.合作的含义：人们通过相互配合完成某件事情或某个目标。

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha6.合作的重要性（为什么合作是发展的基础？）： ①合作是人类生存和发展的基本条件和手段； ②事业的成功取决于团结合作 7.怎样才能建立良好的合作关系？ 建立良好的合作关系需要确立共同目标； 建立良好的合作关系需要理解沟通与宽容；

建立良好的合作关系需要有奉献精神、团队精神。

8.竞争与合作的关系（辨析题：要竞争就不能合作，要合作就不能竞争。）： 竞争与合作不是相互排斥，是不可分割的，竞争中有合作，合作中有竞争。

①团体之间的竞争必然依靠团体内部的合作；个人之间的竞争，也不能缺少个人背后的社会支持力量。

②一个团体内部合作得好，有利于团体间的竞争中取胜；同时，在合作的团体中也不排除个体之间的竞争，鼓励个体竞争，是团体保持活力和优势的内在动力；

③学会竞争，学会合作，在竞争中不断提高自身素质，在合作中无私奉献自己的力量，共同创造一个生机勃勃、充满活力、团结合作、共赢共享的美好社会

10.谈谈学习《竞争与合作》这一课的启发

①在日常生活中，能积极地参与竞争，感受到竞争所带来的积极作用，正确认识竞争的消极影响，并努力地加以克服。②做一个合格的竞争者，培养健康的竞争意识，敢于超越自我，开发潜能。③在日常生活中，能主动得与他人合作，培养自身的合作能力，分享精诚合作带来的成功与喜悦。④学会在竞争中合作，尊重竞争对手，与同学间互帮互学，互相提高，使得大家能取长补短，携手共进。⑤学会在合作中竞争，虚心向别人学习，培养团队精神，不断锻炼自己的竞争本领。

第四单元第一节 关爱社会

1、个人离不开社会

我们每个人都是社会的一员;人对社会具有依赖性. 2、社会需要我们关爱 ①社会的发展和进步需要我们每一个人的关爱和推动。 ②和谐社区需要每一位居民来共同创造。 ③关注社会问题树立忧患意识。 4、我国社会存在哪些社会问题？ 人口负担；就业压力；环境恶化；贫富差距；住房、就医困难；权利腐败；社会犯罪等等。

6、为什么要培养回报社会的意识和亲社会的行为？

①在社会生活中，我们享用的每一件物品，我们得到的每一种帮助，无不是他人的智慧、劳动和爱心的付出。②我们生活的一切条件不是凭空产生的，每时每刻都在享受他人提供的各种服务。③所以，我们要学习做一个积极地社会成员，树立回报社会意识，养成亲社会的行为习惯。

7、亲社会行为：是指人们在社会交往中表现出来的那些有利于社会和他人的行为。类型：①积极参加社会公益活动；②参加青年志愿者活动

8、积极参加社会公益活动的意义（重要性）：①积极参与社会公益活动，是一个人回报社会的途径，社区可以成为我们服务社会的起点。②在参与社会公益活动中，我们将增长社会知识，锻炼实践能力，培养优秀品德，养成亲社会习惯。

9、志愿者精神：无私奉献，不求回报。

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha10、我们应该怎样关爱社会？ ①要增强忧患意识和使命感；

②树立回报社会的意识和亲社会行为； ③积极参加社会公益活动

11、辨析：中学生年龄太小，不宜参加公益活动等为社会服务的活动。

①中学生能力虽然有限，但只要有服务社会的精神，我们也能为社会公众奉献自己一份力。

②创造美好社会是每一个人的责任，造福社会不分年龄大小，能力大小，贡献大小。 12、为什么我们要关注社会问题，服务社会，关爱社会，有所作为？ ①因为这些问题直接影响我国社会经济的可持续发展和人民生活水平的提高。②培养我们忧患意思，做好准备，积累知识，锻炼能力，为社会贡献。③培养回报社会意识和养成亲社会行为习惯，能锻炼社会实践能力，养成良好的行为习惯。④积极参与社会公益活动，为社会公众服务，是我们回报社会的重要途径。⑤在参与社会公益活动中，我们将增长社会知识，锻炼实践能力，培养优秀品德，养成亲社会行为习惯。⑥积极参与公益活动，树立服务社会的精神，是现代公民必不可少的素质。

12、举例说明什么是亲社会行为？怎样养成亲社会的行为习惯？

（1）在公交车上能主动染着，献爱心活动中能主动捐款，积极参与；同学请教作业，能认真虚心的帮助讲解，有班级荣誉感，

（2）遭遇挫折和不幸的人能给予同情和关心，对困境和危难的人能伸出援助的手，在共同的事业中能与别人合作，面对利益能与人分享，在日常生活中能够经常这样做，就意味着养成了亲社会的行为习惯，也就是有利于社会和他人的行为，是我们为人处事的基本方式。

第四单元第二节 胸怀世界

1.为什么文明之间要相互交流？

①文明的重要性：每个民族文明都是人类智慧的结晶，都是世界文明宝库的独特财富；不同文明的交流对话，相互学习，带来世界今天的进步繁荣。

②能交流的原因：不同文化存在着相同的合理内核——真诚、善良、友爱、和平等人类共同价值；人类相通的心灵和情感，是文明之间对话的基础。

2.世界文化的特点？ ①世界个国家和民族的文化，是世界文明的重要组成部分，是人类的财富。 ②世界文化具有多样性和复杂性的特点，同时彼此又息息相通。

③不同文化有相同的合理内核，即真诚、善良、友爱、和平，这是人类文明的共同价值。

3.文明之间应怎样交流？ ①平等交流，相互包容是不同文明间彼此沟通的桥梁②我们应放弃偏见，以平等尊重的态度对待其他国家和民族，就会发现别人的长处和彼此的共同点；③对差异抱着理解宽容的态度，就能存异求同，达到和谐共处。

4.我们应怎样与外国（不同文明）的人们交往？ 学会尊重别人的习俗和信仰，包括别人与我们的差异，欣赏别人的特点和长处，表现出友好热情、不卑不亢、自尊自信的态度。

5.文明是怎样形成的？ 各国家各民族在不同的地理位置和自然环境中，适应各自所处的生存条件，经历着各自的历史，创造出不同的经济生活方式，形成不同的语言文化，体验着不同的民族情感，有着不同的宗教信仰。因而形成不同的文明。

6.影响国际社会发展，人类共同面临的困扰因素有哪些？（全球性问题） roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still someAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party, with \nd clean for the people\nt of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have \mon language\have \History ha人口压力、环境污染、资源短缺、安全威胁、发展失衡等 7.如何解决全球性问题？ 加强国际合作；要解决这些问题，不是哪一个国家、哪一些人单独努力就可以做到的，它需要世界各国、各民族人民携起手来，相互关系，平等合作，共同努力。

8.作为21世纪的中国少年，应该为世界和平与人类的未来做点什么？ 作为21世纪的中国少年，我们也肩负着世界和平和人类的未来。让我们手挽手培养自己的全球视野，关注世界，了解世界，用自己的知识、能力、热情和理想，推动建设和平繁荣的和谐世界，去创造人类美好的明天!

第四单元第三节 追求有意义的人生

1、为什么要探索人生的意义

（1）追问生命的意义，追求有意义的人生，是人与其他动物的根本区别

（2）探索人生意义的作用：是每个人对自己的生活目的、价值取向的思考与思考；不明白人生的意义，会感到彷徨、空虚，无所适从；有目标的人生是有动力的，有意义的生活是充实的。对人生意义的发现会激发我们生活的力量，让我们满怀信念趣奋斗。 （3）探索人生意义是每个人必须亲自经历的独特的心理过程。 2、在追求人生意义中成长

（1）探索人生意义的道路，是一个人不断成长走向成熟的道路

（2 ）不断的自我成长与自我实现是人生意义的体现：选择正确的人生方向，做利人、利社 会的事情，承担自己的责任，不断增长和发挥自己的能力，自我完善，自我实现，人生意义就逐渐显现出来。

3、怎样创造有意义的人生

（1）珍惜有限的时光，从平凡的小事做起；

（2）平凡的人也可以通过对家庭、朋友、集体、社会贡献自己的一份力量

（4）青少年要思考人生的意义，用行动去创造有意义的人生。认真对待每一天，认真对待每一件事，就是通往人生意义的道路上迈出了一步，持之以恒，有意义的人生就会展现出来。

roved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced nature and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different fromother political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some

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