英语语法中的37大难点之后19大难点讲解（史前之最经典资料）

英语语法中的37大难点后前19大难点讲解(史前之最经典资料)

难点19 常用词活用及搭配

词语辨析是英语学习的一个重点，也是高考命题的一个热点。常用词的一些搭配也是命题人较为关注的。

●难点磁场

1.(★★★★)—What did you think of her speech？

—She ________ for one hour but didn’t________ much. A.spoke;speak B.spoke;say C.said;speak D.said;say 2.(★★★★)I can hardly hear the radio.Would you please________? A.turn it on B.turn it down C.turn it up D.turn it off

3.(★★★★★)Let Harry play with your toys as well,Clare,you must learn to________.

（NMET 2000）

A.support B.care C.spare D.share

4.(★★★★★)We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it________ very well. A.worked out B.tried out C.went on D.carried on ●案例探究

1.(★★★★)I________an answer to my letter within a few days. A.wait B.hope C.expect D.look forward 命题意图：此题考查四个常用词的辨析运用。 知识依托：expect盼望、期望、预料。其用法：

?expect?宾语??expect?宾语?to do sth. ?expect to do sth.???be expected to do sth?错解分析：A项wait为vi.带宾语需加介词for, wait for an answer。B项hope的用法。 ①hope to do sth.②hope+that-clause.③hope for sth.想要??D项应为look forward to an answer.

故答案为C。译为：“我盼望几天内能收到你的回信”。 答案：C

2.We thought of selling this old furniture,but we’ve decided to________ it.It might be valuable. (NMET 2002)

A.hold on to B.keep up with C.turn to D.look after 命题意图：旨在考查四个常用短语作宾语。此题为五星级题目。

知识依托：hold on to sth.=hang onto sb.译为“保留，保住”。 错解分析：B项keep up with?不落后??，追上?? C项turn to sb./sth.求助于??turn to ?翻倒?? D项lok after照料，照顾

解题方法与技巧：此题可使用排除法，句意为“我们考虑过将这些旧家具卖掉，但是因为它或许有用处，所以决定??”按句意，B、C、D项明显不可以，排除，只剩A项。

答案：A

3.The guard________ the old man to pass after he showed him the pass. A.promised B.agreed C.let D.permitted

命题意图：此题旨在考查动词后跟复合宾语的情况。此题属五星级题目。 知识依托：permit（允许） 的基本用法。

?permit sb. to do sth. ?permit doing sth.?be permitted to do sth.

错解分析：agree(同意）后不能接复合宾语，即不能说agree sb./sth.to do sth. let(让）后跟不带to的不定式。

promise后可跟复合宾语，即promise sb.to do sth. 但不定式的逻辑主语应是句子的主语。 答案：D ●锦囊妙计

1.高考对常用词考查要求越来越高，且不再是单纯的考查短语动词，而是把词语辨析和语法、交际用语融合在一起，这就要求我们学习词语不能光靠死记硬背，而是要在语境中灵活地去使用。

2.要注意名词与动词、名词与介词的搭配；动词与介词、副词的搭配、形容词与介词、名词的搭配。如：

put away 拿开，放起来，放弃 put back 放回（原处），拨回（钟表），推迟 put down 写下来，镇压，放下 put off 推迟，延期

put out 熄灭，扑灭，生产 put into插入，（使）进入 put on 穿，戴，上演

put through 接通（电话） put to use 利用

put up 建造，举起，（提供）住宿 put up with 忍受，等等。 ●歼灭难点训练

1.(★★★★)How can you________ if you are not________. A.listening;hearing B.hear;listening C.be listening D.be hearing;listening to 2.(★★★★)We________ them in the game. A.won B.defeat C.got D.beat

3.(★★★★★)I really don’t want to go to the party,but I don’t see how I can________ it. A.get back from B.get out of C.get away D.get off

4.(★★★★)I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s________ to be quite a good one. A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked

5.(★★★★)You’re________ your time trying to persuade him,he will never join us. A.spending B.wasting C.losing D.missing 6.(★)Would you be so kind as to________ me ten minutes? A.spend B.save C.spare D.share

7.(★★★★)Kate________ in the crowded hall,hoping to find Professor Li. A.looked for B.looked through C.looked around D.look forward to

8.(★★★★)When we finally________ to get home after the tiring journey,we could hardly move a step further.

A.try B.succeeded C.completed D.managed

难点20 疑问感叹句式巧还原

目前，对单选题的考查，不只是对语法进行简单的考查，而是通过对一些句型的转换，考查对语法的灵活掌握。

●难点磁场

1.(★★★★)Was it in this place________ the last Emperor died? A.that B.in which C.in where D.which 2.(★★★★★)How pleased the detective was________ what his customer told him. A.hearing B.heard C.to hearing D.to hear

3.(★★★★★)The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the next year. A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out

4.(★★★★)Is this the reason________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

(2002上海春季)

A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explained 5.(★★★★★)Is this book________ that you read yesterday? A.a book B.a one C.one D.the one

●案例探究

1.—________ was it________ they discovered the entrance to the underground place? —Totally by chance.

A.How;that B.What;that C.When;when D.Where;that 命题意图：此题旨在考查强调句型的应用。此题属五星级题目。 知识依托：强调句型基本结构

?thatIt is /was+被强调部分+? +其他成分

who?错解分析：强调句型的词不能用what,where,when，指人用who,其他一律用that

解题方法与技巧：由答语可以看出问句是对方式进行提问，所以将答语带入问句中且转化成陈述语序，则为：

It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground.然后再对by chance 提问，问题就迎刃而解了。

答案：D

2.—Who are you going to have________this letter for you ? —Tom. A.type B.typed C.been typed D.been typing

命题意图：此题考查“have sb.do sth.”让其人做某事这一结构。此题属五星级题目。 知识依托：“have sb.do sth.”让某人做某事 have?doing sth.让??持续做某事

have sth. done ①遭受 ②请别人做某事 ③使??被?? 错解分析：句子结构分析不对，导致错误选项的产生。 解题方法与技巧：把答语Tom代入问句中，即为 I’m going to have Tom type the letter for me. 对Tom进行提问，不就得到答案了吗？ 答案：A

3.________different life today is from________ it was fifty years ago! A.What a;what B.What a;how C.How;what D.What;what

命题意图：旨在考查感叹句及名词性从句的引导词。此题属五星级题。 知识依托：①感叹句结构 a(an) +adj. +［?］可数名词+主+谓+其他 What+ adj. +［?］不可数名词+主+谓 adj. +［???］可数名词+主+谓

?adj.How+??主?谓语

adv.?②that引导名词性从句只充当引导词不作句子成分，而what可充当句子成分。

错解分析：若选A、B项句子就没有主语了。 解题方法与技巧：将感叹句简化为陈述句。

Life today is different from what it was fifty years ago! 答案：C ●锦囊妙计

1.找到问题的切入点是关键，将复杂结构还原。

2.熟练掌握定语从句、名词性从句、感叹句及强调句型等结构。 ●歼灭难点训练

1.(★★★★★)—Whom would you rather________ the car? —My father. A.have fix B.have to fix C.had fix D.have to be fixed 2.(★★★★)Was it 8 o’clock________you heard someone________ at the door? A.when;knocking B.when;knock C.that;knocking D.that;knock

3.(★★★★★)Was it in the room________ Mr. John lived________the exhibition was held?

A.that;that B.where;where C.that;where D.where;that 4.(★★★★)—Is ________ you want to say? —Yes,________ that’s all I know. A.all what;yet B.which all;unless C.that all;× D.all that;so 5.(★★★★★)Was it not until 1920________ regular radio broadcasts began? A.while B.which C.that D.since 6.(★★★★★)________the house Mr Zhang has been broken into? A.When was it that B.When /Has C.Has D.Had

7.(★★★★)Did________ she was chosen made her very happy? A.what B.that C.which D.it

8.(★★★★★)Was it at the air battle on June 8,1994,________ was led by captain Johnson,________ that Peter lost his life?

A.when;that B.that;who C.which;that D.which;when

难点21 多变的省略句

英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略，可分为以下几种情况：

1.省略主语，主谓语或主谓的一部分 2.不定式符号to的省略 3.不定式结构中动词的省略 4.状语从句中的省略

5.定语从句中关系词的省略

6.虚拟语气中if和should的省略

7.考查not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略 ●难点磁场

1.(★★★★)John plays football________,if not better than,David. A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as

2.(★★★★★)If you go to Xi’an ,you’ll find the places there more magnificent than commonly________.

A.supposing B.supposed

C.to suppose D.suppose

3.(★★★★)—What do you think made Mary so upset? —________ her bicycle. A.As she lost B.Lost

C.Losing D.Because of losing

4.(★★★★★)I thought her nice and honest________ I met her. A.first time B.for the first time C.the first time D.by the first time

5.(★★★★)Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has________IQ. (NMET 2002)

A.a high B.a higher

C.the higher D.the highest

6.(★★★★)—You should have thanked her before she left.

—I meant________,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. (2002年上海春季) A.to do B.to

C.doing D.doing so ●案例探究

1.—Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend? —________.

A.I don’t believe B.I don’t believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not

命题意图：此题考查not在宾语从句中的“替代性”省略。此题属四星级题。 知识依托：“so”可代替某些动词后的宾语从句，但绝不能用it或that。这些常用的动词有：believe,be afraid,expect,hope,imagine,suppose等。例： —Is she going to the party tonight? —I think so./I hope so.

其否定有两种：①动词用否定结构。 ②用not代替so。

又如：—Do you think he will pass the exam? —I don’t think so./I think not.前者更常用。 错解分析：A项应为I don’t believe so。 C项否定也应否定谓语。

解题方法与技巧：根据具体语言环境，正确运用表达观点的方法。 答案：D

2.________ for the free ticket,I would not have gone to the films so often. A.If it is not B.Were it not

C.Had it not been D.If there were to

命题意图：旨在考查虚拟条件中if的省略。此题属五星级题。

知识依托：跟过去事实相反的虚拟条件句结构为If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+would/could/might do?当if省略时，将had提主句首，即 Had+主语+过去分词，主语+would/could/might do? 错解分析：A项不是虚拟语气结构。 B项是跟现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。

D项是跟将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。

解题方法与技巧：从题干的后一句话入手，可看出I would not have gone to?是跟过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，故答案为C。译为：要不是因为票是免费的，我也就不会经常去看电影了。 答案：C

3.—You ought to have given them some advice. —________,but who cared what I asked? A.So it was B.So I ought to have C.So I did D.So I ought to

命题意图：考查ought to后作宾语的不定式的省略。此题属五星级题。

知识依托：ought to, want, hope等动词后可省略作宾语的不定式短语，但该宾语若是be动词或动词的完成时，则需在to后加be或have。 —Are you a soldier?

—No,but,wish to be(a soldier). 答案：B

4.The research is so designed that once________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)

A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun

命题意图：此题考查省略在状语从句中的应用。此题属四星级题。

知识依托：当主句的主语和状语从句主句一致（或从句主语为it),且从句中含be,可把从句的主语和be一起省略，例：

I wonder why he didn’t do as(he was) told to.

错解分析：A、B、C项都为主动，而research应是由人启动的，应用被动。 解题方法与技巧：此类词，应分清主、被动关系。 答案：D

●锦囊妙计

掌握好省略句，应注意以下几条：

1.感官动词或使役动词（如：notice,hear,let,make)等后接不定式作宾补时省略to,被动时to不能省略。

2.在prefer to do rather than?,cannot help but?do, nothing ?but等句型中常省略to。 3.为避免重复，作某些动词（hope,want)等宾语或（tell,order,ask)的宾补时，省略不定式短语，只保留不定式符号to。

4.应注意状语从句、定语从句中的省略。

状语从句中，如果谓语含动词be,主语又与主句主语一致或主语是it,从句中主语和be一齐省略。

5.注意not ,so ,neither, nor的“替代性”省略。 ●歼灭难点训练

1.(★★★★)—Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken. —Oh,I________.

A.hope not to B.hope not C.hope not so D.don’t hope

2.(★★★★)If________ the same treatment again,he’s sure to get well.

A.giving B.give

C.given D.being given

3.(★★★★★)—Aren’t you the manager？ —No,and I________.

A.don’t want to B.don’t want to be C.don’t want be D.don’t want

4.(★★★★)While________ for the bus,I met an old friend of mine. A.waited B.waiting C.wait D.to wait

5.(★★★★)I don’t like the way________ he speaks to his mother. A.which B.in that C.× D.on which

6.(★★★★)They had nothing to do but________. A.to wait B.waiting C.waited D.wait

7.(★★★★★)Children must be taught to act with good manners when________. A.speaking to B.spoken to C.are speaking D.spoken of

8.(★★★★)—Have you cleaned the room? —No,but________. A.I’m B.I am

C.I’m just going D.I’m just going to

9.(★★★★)—Do you mind my taking this seat? —________.

A.Yes,sit down please B.No,of course not C.Yes,take it please D.No,you can’t take it

10.(★★★★)________ green,the door might look more beautiful. A.You painted B.If painted C.To paint D.Have it painted

11.(★★★★)—Is the boy very sick? —I’m afraid________. A.it B.this C.so D.that

12.(★★★★)They knew her very well.They had seen him________ up from childhood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow

13.(★★★★)Rather than________ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ________ a bicycle. A.ride;ride B.riding;ride

C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding

14.(★★★★★)________ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will

15.(★★★★★)Though________ money,his parents managed to send him to university. A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in

难点22 虚拟语气

虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或是与事实相反的假设。 ●难点磁场

1.(★★★★)Jane’s face suggested that she________ ill,and her parents suggested that she________ a medical examination. A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has

2.(★★★★)You didn’t let me drive.If we________ in turn,you________ so tired. A.drove;didn’t get B.drove;wouldn’t get

C.were driving;wouldn’t get D.had driven;wouldn’t have got

3.(★★★★)How I wish every family________ a large house with a beautiful garden. (2002上海春季)

A.has B.had

C.will have D.had had ●案例探究

1.I wish I ________ you yesterday.

A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see

命题意图：此题旨在考查wish后加宾语从句表示可实现的愿望。此题属四星级题。 知识依托：wish+宾语从句表示不可实现的愿望，译为“??就好了，但愿??” 错解分析：A、B、D项都不是跟过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构。 解题方法与技巧：掌握wish后宾语从句的三种谓语动词结构。 答案：C

2.I suggested that the meeting________ till tomorrow morning. A.should put off B.be put off C.is put off D.will put off

命题意图：此题旨在考查suggest （建议）后加宾语从句，从句谓语动词的用法。此题属四星级题。

知识依托：suggest/arrange/demand/insist/order/require等动词后的宾语从句中谓语用（should)+动词原形。另外像advise/idea/order/demand/suggestion等词的表语从句和同位语从句，谓语动词也用（should)+动词原形。

错解分析：A项应用should be put off(会议被延期）。 C、D项都不符合虚拟语气结构。 答案:B

3.When a pencil is put in a glass of water,it looks as if it________. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken

命题意图：此题考查虚拟语气用于以as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句。此题属四星级题目。

知识依托：如果从句与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would (might,could)+动词原形。”

Li Ming speaks English as if he were an Englishman.(与现在事实相反） It looks as if it might rain.(与将来事实相反）

It seems as if Tom had travelled a lot in China before.(与过去事实相反）

错解分析：本句意思是：当把铅笔放在一杯水里的时候，它看起来就跟断了似的。（其实没断）与现在事实相反。故选C项。

解题方法与技巧：看when a pencil is put in?中谓语时态。 答案:C

●锦囊妙计

做好虚拟语气，除了掌握基本的结构外，还要注意句子所表达的意义与现在过去，还是将来事实相反，看清时间状语，另外还要注意在其他结构中虚拟语气的运用。 1.在主语从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气结构为：“should+动词原形”表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜等。

例：It is advisable/important/natural/necessary that sb.(should)do 2.在It is time/high time that sb.should do sth. 或It is time that sb.did sth

3.would rather sb.+过去时，指现在或将来。 例：I’d rather Father were here now. I’d rather they came here tomorrow.

4.But for?without短语译为“要不是??”，句子谓语也常用虚拟。 ●歼灭难点训练

1.(★★★★)The doctor insisted that the patient________ up smoking. A.would give B.give C.gives D.gave

2.(★★★★★)________ some information,she could have answered the questions. A.She had been given B.If she was given

C.Had if she been given D.Had she been given

3.(★★★★)Without electricity human life________ quite difficult today. A.is B.will be

C.would have been D.would be

4.(★★★★)Everything will go on as usual as if________ happened. A.nothing had B.anything hadn’t C.nothing was D.anything was not

5.(★★★★)If only I________ their advice. A.follow B.will follow

C.have followed D.had followed

6.(★★★★★)If you________ at school,you________a college student now. A.had studied hard;would have been

B.should have studied hard;should have been C.had studied hard;would be

C.would study hard;must have been 7.(★★★★)—He is a very brave man. —Yes,I wish I________ his courage. A.have B.had

C.will have D.would have

8.(★★★★)It was ordered that no parking________ allowed in front of the building. A.is B.be C.was D.would be

9.(★★★★)Don’t come today.I’d rather you________ tomorrow.

A.will come B.come C.comes D.came

难点23 有章可循的主旨大意题

阅读中的主旨大意题主要是考查学生在阅读全文的基础上归纳总结文意的能力，然而，学生在阅读中常犯的毛病之一就是：只见树木，不见森林。

●难点磁场

1.（★★★★★）A World of Opportunity The New York Times is now better than ever. All the more reason to order home delivery now.

NEW-SEPARATE sections for The Arts.Monday through Thursday,and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull out,take with you or pass along.

NEW-The Dining In,Dining Out section,Wednesdays,a banquet (宴席) of great meals you can make yourself,order up or eat out.

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Question 1:The main idea of this advertisement is that ________.

A.many opportunities will be provided just to those who order home delivery B.several new sections have been printed separately from now on C.readers can be well informed of the latest news and sports results D.people can pick up all the information they are interested in

2.(★★★★★)Millions of people use contact lenses(隐形眼镜）.For anyone who doesn’t mind sticking his fingers in his eyes,there are clear advantages:contacts correct vision better than glasses,are less often crushed underfoot,don’t make you look boring,and come in a huge variety of forms——soft,firm,colored,and even theatrical.

More and more people are turning to use of contact lenses.But are they safe?

Latest research from Australia shows that not all chemicals are effective in killing all germs(细菌）——and some of these germs can cause blindness in just 24 hours.

While most problems with contacts still can go back to poor hygiene(卫生）or overuse,not all sight-threatening conditions only happen to those who wash their lenses under the tap or decide,while tired and emotional,to sleep in their lenses for the third night running.

Two of the biggest eye-damaging killers——protozoan acanthamoeba and bacteria pseudomonas——are all around us,in our homes and water supplies.This seemingly harmless pair can cause blindness through keratitis(disease of the cornea).

“The cornea(角膜)is like a five-layered sandwich”,says Raymond Curran,a doctor from Omagh,Northern Ireland.“Once the bacteria get into a layer they can reproduce there and turn the cornea opaque(too dark to see through).”

An optician(验光师）may see one possibly sight-threatening case each month,but at an eye hospital there may be several each week.Acanthamoeba,often seemingly mild,can be misjudged until it is too late.Meanwhile,pseudomonas,more seriously,can cause increasing sight loss with each hour that passes.If not treated immediately,patients may need a corneal replacement.

And the really bad news,according to Professor Roger Buckley,at the Moorfields eye hospital in London,is that acanthamoeba is“one of the hardest germs on Earth”——it can survive in Antarctica.

Question 2:In the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us ________. A.the possible danger of contacts

B.the importance of keeping contacts clean C.some doctors’ opinions about contacts D.the advantages and disadvantages of contacts

3.(★★★★★)With only about１000 pandas left in the world，China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种)．That’s a move similar to what a Texas A＆M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”．

Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs，embryos(胚胎)，semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liｑuid nitrogen．If certain species should become extinct，Dr．Duane Kraemer，a professor in Texas A＆M’s College of Veterinary Medicine，says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future．

It is estimated that as many as 2 000 species of mammals，birds and reptiles will become extinct in over １00 years．The panda，native only to China，is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years．

This week，Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit．They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal．

The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete．

“The nuclear transfer（核子移植)of one species to another is not easy，and the lack of available （capable of being used）panda eggs could be a major problem．”Kraemer believes．“They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy （having a baby）．It takes a long time and it’s difficult，but this could be groundbreaking science if it works．They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk，so it is worth the effort，”adds Kraemer，who is one of the leaders of the Ｐroject at Texas A＆M，the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog．

“They are trying to do something that’s never been done，and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark．We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction．I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do．It’s a research that is very much needed”．

Question 3:The best title for the passage may be ． A．China’s Success in Pandas Cloning B．The First Cloned Panda in the World

C．Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas D．China——the Native Place of Pandas Forever

4.(★★★★★)American women experience a great variety of lifestyles. A “typical”

American woman may be single . She may also be divorced or married. She may be a homemaker, a doctor, or a factory worker. It is very difficult to generalize about American. However, one thing that many American women have in common is their attitude about themselves and their role in American life.

Historically , American women have always been very independent . The first settlers to come to New England were of ten young couples who had left behind their extended family (i.e. their parents , sisters, cousins, etc.).The women were alone in a new, undeveloped country with their husbands. This had two important effects. First of all, this as yet uncivilized (未开化)environment (环境)demanded that every person share in developing it and in survival (生存).Women worked with their husbands and children to make themselves accepted in this new land. Second, because they were in a new land without the established (确定的)influence of older members of society , women felt free to step into nontraditional roles.

This role of women was strengthened in later years as Americans moved west,again leaving family behind and meeting a new environment. Even later, in the East, as new settlers arrived , the women often found jobs more easily than men. Women became the supporters of the family.

Within the established lifestyle of industrialized twentieth century America, the strong role of women was not as attractive as in the early days of the country. Some women were active outside the home; others were not. However , when American men went to war in the 1940s, women stepped into the men’s jobs as factory and business workers. After the war, some women stayed in these positions , and others left their jobs with a new sense of their own ability.

Question 4:What is the main idea of this passage? A.Different life styles led by the American women.

B.American women were free to step into nontraditional roles.

C.American women worked hard to establish their roles in American history

D.American women were independent because they did not have to follow the regulations (rules)at all.

●案例探究

1.There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art.Washington D.C.,the US,has the National Gallery of Art;Paris has the Louver,London,the British Museum.Florida International University(FIU) in Miami,the US also shows art for visitors to see.And it does so without a building,or even a wall for its drawings and paintings.

FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the United States.You don’t have to visit the University to see the art.You just need a computer linked to a telephone.

You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it.All of the art is stored in the school computer.It is computer art,produced electronically by artists on their own computers.In only a few minutes,your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings.

Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum.He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work.

A computer artist could record his pictures electronically and send the records,or floppy discs,to others to see on their computers.He could also put his pictures on paper,of course.But to print good pictures on paper,the computer artist needed an expensive laser printer.

Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mainly for art or computer students in schools and universities.Many of the pictures in the museum are made by the students.Mr. Shostak said the

FIU museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it.He says artists enjoy their work much more if they have an audience.And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for his electronic museum.

Question:The main purpose of this text is to give information about ________. A.famous museums throughout the world B.an electronic art museum in Miami,U.S.A.

C.art exhibitions in Florida International University D.latest development in computer art

命题意图：本题主要考查学生的归纳概括能力，属五星级题目。

错解分析：本题错选C、D两项的学生较多，原因是只抓住了文章中的只言片语，而忽视了前两段文字在文中的作用及贯穿文章始终的museum一词。

解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，抓住每段文字的主旨大意，尤其是文章的前两段。第一段作者告诉我们全世界有许多著名的艺术博物馆；第二段主要讲Florida International University新开的电脑艺术博物馆。随后各段就这家博物馆的领导者及博物馆的运作做了说明。（2）运用排除法，将较具干扰性的C、D两项排除掉。C项错误在于art exhibitions;D项中只讲电脑艺术的最新发展，与文章的前两段无法相符，也没有呼应贯穿文章始终的“art museum”。

答案：B

2.NMET 2002

In 1901,H.G. Wells,an English writer,wrote a book describing a trip to the moon.When the explorers(探险者) landed on the moon,they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities.They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met.In turn,the “moon people” expressed their surprise.“Why,”they asked,“are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?”

H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon.In 1969,human beings really did land on the moon.People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon.However,the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.

Underground systems are already in place.Many cities have underground car parks.In some cities,such as Tokyo,Seoul and Montreal,there are large underground shopping areas.The “Chunnel”,a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France is now complete.

But what about underground cities?Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems,called “Alice Cities”.The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats,offices,shopping,and so on.A solar dome(太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city.

Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space.The surface,they say,can be used for farms,parks,gardens,and wildernes.H.G.Wells’ “moon people” would agree.Would you?

Question:What would be the best title for the text? A.Alice Cities—cities of the future. B.Space travel with H.G. Wells. C.Enjoy living underground. D.Building down,not up.

命题意图：本题旨在考查学生的归纳概括能力，是一道主旨大意题，属五星级题目。 错解分析：此题学生容易错选B项，原因是没有通览全篇，只抓住了文章的后半部分，尤其是第四段。

解题方法与技巧：（1）通览全文，抓首段大意。（2）文章开篇叙述了H.G. Wells在其科幻小说中的“月球人”询问月球探险者：“为什么地球人不利用地球内部空间而到地球外部空间旅行呢？”；接着下一段讲述越来越多的科学家正在认真思考这一问题；随后两段叙述underground systems的利用及日本underground cities的设计；然后再根据文章最后一段首句：“Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space”，可判断出此题答案。

答案：D ●锦囊妙计

1.通读全文，重视首段，注意每段第一句话（尤其是论述性或说明性文章）。 2.归纳文章的段落大意。把握文章总体。 3.重视重要情节、人物及事物特征。

4.注意观察，找准贯穿上下文的关键词汇。

5.重视题干中的关键词汇：main idea,the best title,the writer mainly wants to tell (or:show)?

●歼灭难点训练

A

Human language is a living thing.Each language has its own biological system,which makes it different from all other language.This system must constantly adjust to a new environment and new situation to survive and flourish.

When we think of human language this way,it is an easy step to see the words of a language as being like the cells of a living organism—they are constantly forming and dying and splitting into parts as time changes and the language adapts.

There are several specific processes by which new words are formed.Some words come into the language which sound like what they refer to.Words like buzz and ding-dong are good examples of this process.

Still another way in which new words are formed is to use the name of a person or a place closely associated with that word’s meaning.The words sandwich and hamburger are examples of this word-formation process.The Earl of sandwich,an English aristocrat(贵族),was so fond of gambling at cards that he hated to be interrupted by the necessity of eating.He thus invented a new way of eating while he continued his game at the gambling table.This quick and convenient dish is what we now call a sandwich—a piece of meat between two slices of bread.The hamburger became the best-known sandwich in the world after it was invented by a citizen of Hamburg in Germany.

As long as a language is alive,its cells will continue to change,forming new words and getting rid of the ones that no longer have any use.

1.(★★★★★)The passage is mainly about ________. A.the biological system of a living organism B.the inventors of sandwich and hamburger C.the development of human cells D.the changes of a language

B

The wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went

to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time.

Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station’s competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to many without having met each other. Miss Germaine, 23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27, is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar“experiment” organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham, England. Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio. They took a lie detector(测谎仪) test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges included an astrologer(占星家) who declared that they were suited.

The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted.

Organizations, including the marriage guidance service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, “We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love.”

The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a year’s free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre of Birmingham, and a car. But will it last?

2.(★★★★★)Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A.Two Strangers and a Wedding B.A Wedding Based on Love C.A Short-Lived Marriage D.A Well-Matched Couple

C

Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials (商业广告) for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. “As long as it works,” he said in 1991, “I’ll continue to do those commercials.”

Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. “He still won’t let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes.” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted (收养) as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said,“and if I got out of line, he’d beat me.”

Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind, “I thought if I owned a restaurant,” he said,“I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.

In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6 000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes ＄6 billion a year in sales.

Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation (基金会) for Adoption in 1992.In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed.

“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams “He wasn’t a great

actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.”

3.(★★★★★)What is the article mainly about? A.The life of Dave Thomas. B.The dream of Dave Thomas. C.The schooling of Dave Thomas.

D.The growth of Dave Thomas’ business.

D

Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software programme that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packaging materials. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version(原始版本） of e-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee wrote a programme, which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea:write a programme that will let academics(学术界人士） from across the world share information on a single place. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP(服务程序所用的协议） and HTML(超文本链接标示语言） programmes which formed the basis of the World Wide Web.

The next year his programmes were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used his codes to work with different operating systems. New things like web browers and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100 000.

In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web. “The web can help people to understand the way that others live and love. It helps us understand the humanity of people,” he says.

4.(★★★★★)The main idea of this passage is ________. A.when the Internet came into being B.how Tim Berbers-Lee formed W3C C.why computers develop so rapidly D.how the World Wide Web started

E

Reducing the use of cars during rush traffic hours will make the environment more livable.Unfortunately,our present living and working environments encourage the use of cars.But,the car is taking us down the road in lower-quality air.The exhaust(废气) from cars:

—damaging the earth’s protective ozone layer and helping to cause the global warming; —causes as much as 50% of the smog-producing compounds and chemical rain in our atmosphere;

—causes 60% of the carbon monoxide in our atmosphere.

When you consider that the average person breathes in 9 000 quarts of air a day,you realize how important clean air is to human being.

The government has spent billions of dollars to control car pollution.Yet,some big cities are still in violation(侵害) of public health standards that protect people from breathing poisonous air.The health care costs related to unclean air are huge.

The traditional way of cleaning up what comes out of tailpipes has not done the job of getting rid of automobile emissions(散发物).Yet today’s cars produces far less pollution than models

from the 1960’s.But there are now almost 51 million more cars on the road than there were in 1960,and drivers are traveling many more miles.As a result,cars are still the single largest source of city pollution today.

If we are going to achieve clean air,we need to discourage car use by individuals,especially during rush driving hours.

At the same time we reduce car use,we must also improve our public transportation system.If going to and from work by public transportation was convenient and cheap,people would use the system instead of using cars to drive to work.

Yes,it will cost money to improve our public transportation system.But we now spend billions each year in controlling car emissions without much success.Giving some of that money to public transportation would be a small price to pay for cleanest air.

Unless we do something to reduce car use and get people to use public transportation,our love affair with the car will be the death of our environment. 5.(★★★★★)What is the main idea of the passage? A.Car use needs to be discouraged.

B.Clean air is only possible if we reduce car use during rush hours.

C.Car use is causing problems with the ozone layer creating poisonous gases.

D.The government spends billions of dollars controlling the pollution coming from cars.

F

After 78 years in the UK,the Dutch clothing retailer (零售商) has closed shop for the last time.But C & A is not alone.In the past week the best known names on British high streets-Marks & Spencer,Boots and littlewoods—have announced some of their worst ever trading figures.

The downturn is not a case of belt tightening.Although there are fears of a recession(衰退),UK consumer (消费者) spending has set new records in the past year.Experts say the sudden fall is the result of a revolution that is changing almost every side of British lives.

Mr.and Mrs.UK Average are throwing out the everyday and trading up to the finer things in life.Consumers are declaring an end to all things ordinary.The good taste revolution has swept the country with remarkable speed.Sales of once popular fashions (时髦) are dropping quickly.Just three years ago Marks & Spencer was the UK’s favorite.People now consider the fashions “ordinary”.

Yet just 100 yards (91 metres) from the empty aisles (通道) in London’s Oxford Street,the story is different.Burberry enjoyed a 35 per cent increase in sales income in the last three months of last year.Gucci saw its sales rise 25 per cent.Armani reported 20 per cent growth.Demand for the logo-print(商标) at Louis Vuitton cannot be satisfied immediately.And growth is not only limited to the wealthy Southeast.

Experts say Britain has moved from a “good enough” culture to “good taste”culture.Almost everywhere you look—from clothes,to food and drink,to cars,to home furnishings,to holidays—Britons are buying into a life less ordinary.

Rising wealth is driving the revolution.New research shows that the average UK household（family） is 40 per cent better off than in 1986.“In the past only those with money and time on their hands were able to devote energy to the search for tasteful living,”says Martin Harward,a director at the Henley Center.“But as incomes rise and free time increases,the privileged(wealthy) many are living higher.More middle-class consumers are developing a sense of their own self-image through what they buy.”

6.(★★★★★)What is the most proper title for the passage? A.Income Increasing in Britain B.Revolution Changing the World C.Britains Going High Fashion D.Sales in Britain Going Down

G

All of us eat every day,but most of us don’t understand nutrition(营养).How much do you know about good nutrition?Are the following statements true or false?

1.People who don’t eat meat can stay healthy.

True.As long as people eat enough milk,eggs and meat alternates(替代物),they can get enough protein(蛋白质).

2.Fresh vegetables cooked at home are always more nutritious than canned vegetables.

False.The difference depends more on how vegetables are prepared than whether they are fresh or canned.Vegetables cooked in too much water can lose a large quantity of vitamins.

3.Food eaten between meals can be just as good for health as food eaten at regular meals. True.Nutritional value depends on what types of food you eat,not when you eat them.Eating an egg or an orange between meals can contribute to a good diet. 4.Taking extra vitamins beyond the recommended daily allowances won’t give you more energy.

True.It’s widely believed that extra vitamins provide more energy.But taking more than the body needs doesn’t make if function better,just as overfilling your gas tank doesn’t make your car run better.

5.Natural vitamins are better supplements(补充) for the diet than synthetic vitamins. False.There is no difference.A vitamin has the same properties(性质) and specific chemical structure whether made in a laboratory or taken from plant or animal parts.

6.Older people need the same amount of vitamins as younger people.

True.Older people need the same quantity of vitamins as younger people although they need fewer calories.Certain illnesses raise the requirements for some vitamins,but that is true for the young as well as the old.

7.Food grown in poor soil is lower in vitamins than food grown in rich soil. False.The vitamins in our foods are made by the plants themselves.They don’t come from the soil.However,the minerals in a plant depend on the minerals in the soil.

If you have answered these questions correctly,you can say you know much about food and nutrition by today’s standards.But remember that nutrition is growing science and that it may be aged as new information is obtained.

7.(★★★★★)The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A.list today’s standards of some food and nutrition B.introduce what should be eaten and what not

C.explain what is helpful to your health and what is not D.test our nutrition IQ by judging the problems listed

H

In a society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious and cultural differences, people highly value individualism—the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not memorize information. Instead, they work

on their own and find answers themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.

In most Asian societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in these Asian countries reflects society’s belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments(作业).

There are advantages and disadvantages to both of these systems of education. For example, one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline(纪律)and self-control.There is,however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.

The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they haven’t memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have.

8.(★★★★★)In this passage the author mainly discusses ________. A.how Western school systems mirror the value of individualism B.the advantages and disadvantages of the two educational systems C.what Asian schools should do to make students more creative D.the differences in culture, religion, etc. between the East and West

难点24 不可臆断的推理题

此类题目，要求学生在通篇理解文章的基础上，依据文章提供的事实，将各种信息加以分析，从而得出正确的结论，切不可站在自己的立场上凭空臆断。

●难点磁场

1.(★★★★★)In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of comet(彗星). When the fragments(碎片)landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?

The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic.

On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.

Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are

ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.

Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs(恐龙)were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?

Question 1:It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) ________. A.horror story B.news report C.research paper D.article of popular science 2.(★★★★★)The tower of Big Ben London’s most famous building,has always leaned (倾斜) slightly, but construction work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up (支撑) its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament.

To control the tower’s movement, engineers pumped grout (水泥浆) into the soil under the tower. The tower now leans an extra few centimetres, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed observer.

Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a 40-metre-deep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground) tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee line project, believed the work would affect the tower. In his opinion, no further lean should go beyond a safety limit of 27.5 millimetres over the existing lean of 220 millimetres.

To keep the lean within this limit, Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately under the base of the tower. More than 300 tons of grout were pumped in during construction. The tower’s, additional lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres, but never passed 27.5 millimetres.

After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken.

Since 1997,the tower has continued to lean, Burland told Modern Construction.The latest measurements, taken this year, suggest that the tower’s lean had just reached 35 millimetres. But following regular re-examinations of the tower, experts are sure that the tower has stabilised (稳定). A spokesman for London Underground says: “We understand the tower has stabilised and returned to its normal movement cycle.”

From Modern Construction, 16 September 2000

Question 2:We can infer from the article that________.

A.the tower of Big Ben with damage the Houses of Parliament B.the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burland’s opinion C.the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistake D.the propping up work has proved to be successful 3.(★★★★★)The use of the word imitation(模仿）reminds me that we ought to make some more comments on the risk of people imitating what they see on the screen in the way of crime(犯罪）or violence.First there was always a risk of children acting out scenes which could be

dangerous.For example,I remember a woman who was head of a middle school telling me that she had happened to look out of her window when the children were in the playground and had seen them putting a small boy on a chair with a rope round his neck and the rope over the branch of a tree;fortunately she was in time to get there before the child was hung.I remember a film in particular in which the hero who was imprisoned had escaped by electrocuting(通电触死）his guard,the technique of doing this being shown in detail.This was the kind of scene which we could cut for these reasons.

In films for young people and adults we always tried to keep off the screen any details of criminal techniques,such as how to open a locked door with a piece of hard plastic or how to open a safe;if we were consulted(请教）before production,I used to advise that the details should not be shown.When I gave talks in prisons about film checking I had full support for this ,since fathers who were in prison for criminal offences did not want their children to get on crime.

Every time I gave a talk in a prison someone used to mention the French film Rififi made by Jules Dassin in 1954.This remarkable film showed in great detail a robbery of a jeweller’s shop,the robbery lasting about half an hour and being backed only by natural sound?one of the most brilliant film sequences(连续镜头）of all time.I remember our discussions at the time.We thought that the robbery was finished only with the use of advanced and obviously expensive equipment and that only the most experienced and skilled criminals could possible imitate it;we believed therefore that it was relatively safe.When talking in prisons some years later I learned that there had been several robberies in which the techniques had been copied,so perhaps we were wrong.

Question 3:It can be inferred from the passage that________.

A.it is hard for the children to tell the differences between real life and the imaginary B.only the people in prison supported film checking

C.only children imitated what they had seen on the screen

D.the writer used to advise the details of crime should be shown

4.(★★★★★)The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending(推荐） phone call “made” by US President George W. Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair.

Of course, neither of them could really do that for you—you would just“borrow” their voices.

At & T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even bring the voices of long-dead famous people back to life.

The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person’s voice to say things that the person never actually said.

Possible customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centres, companies that make software that reads digital(数字的） files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices(装置）. The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the rights to a famous person’s voice?(Some experts even believe that new contracts(合同） will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.)

And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud(假冒）, would the synthesized(合成的）voices at last be able to trick people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know?

Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT& T lab’s possible first customers, said he wondered what the new technology might bring. “Just like you can’t trust a photograph anymore.” he said, “you won’t be able to trust a voice either.”

Question 4:According to the passage, you can infer that ________. A.the software will turn out to be an immediate success in the market B.the government will forbid the sale of the software in the market C.it’s hard to decide whether the software will enjoy popularity D.the software will soon prove to be nothing but rubbish ●案例探究 1.

Grossroads International How does Grossroads work?

Crossroads is a resource network. We take goods Hong Kong doesn’t want and give them to people who badly need them.We collect those goods and give them out in the welfare arena(福利院)in Hong Kong,Mainland China,elsewhere in Asia,Eastern Europe and Africa.So Crossroads is just that:a Crossroads between need and resource.

Who do we help?

The welfare agencies we help do not run on large budgets(预算).They are grass-root groups who have seen a need and tried to meet it.They can’t get the job done without back-up,though,so our task is to help them do their task.Our warehouse is full of goods,from computers to high chairs,clothing to books,stationery to medical provision,cupboards to dining sets.They send us a list of their needs and we try to match it with the resource we have in stock.

How do we operate?

Crossroads itself also operates on a low budget.We do not buy the goods we send.They are donated(捐赠).Similarly,rather than raising funds for freight(货运),we ask transport companies to donate their services.Nobody in our organization receives a salary.Even our full-time staff work on a voluntary basis.

Those that donate goods and services:

●Factories ●Manufacturers ●Hospitals ●Hotels ●Educational Institutions ●Householders ●Transport Companies ●Offices ●Other Charities

One resource that we are always in need of is people.While we receive large quantities of goods and there is never a short supply of requests for them,we are always in need of hands to help sort and prepare them for shipping.

What can I do?

We are always in need of people.We have a lot of tasks.If you are volunteering regularly,we can offer work in some of the following categories,some of the time.You are welcome to number your top three choices and we will do our best to accommodate(提供) them.

●Clothing categorization ●Sewing ●Toy categorization ●Furniture handling ●Book categorization ●Driving ●Household goods categorization ●Office work

●Electrical goods categorization ●Book keeping ●Stationery categorization ●Fund-raising ●Medical categorization

Where to find us All volunteer work is done at our warehouse: Located in Basement Zone M of the Kai Tak Government Building

Our warehouse hours: Tues~Sat,10am~5:３0pm

Postal Address:

16 Man Tong,Silvermine Bay,Lantau Island,

Hong Kong Ｏffice details:

Ph:29849３09 2７40965７

Fax:2984７452

E-mail:106122.2524@compuserve.com

Question:From the above brochure,we can conclude that________. A.people who work at Crossroads get low pay from it

B.Crossroads doesn’t give goods directly to the people who need them C.you can do whatever you like if you offer help at Crossroads D.Crossroads has collected more goods than needed

命题意图：本题旨在考查学生选取有用信息进行推理判断的能力，属五星级题目。 错解分析：本题错选的原因主要在于对选项的理解不准确，以及对文章中的有关信息研读不细致。

解题方法与技巧：（1）仔细阅读题干，准确理解conclude一词的准确含义（即：推断，得出结论）。（2）仔细研读选项，把握其准确意思，从文章中选取相关信息，与此对照，去伪存真。（3）文章首段告诉我们“We collect those goods and give them out in the welfare arena in Hong Kong?”，第二段作者又叙述道：福利院将人们的需求列成清单报给Crossroads,Crossroads负责配齐这些物品，由此可见，Crossroads doesn’t give goods directly to the people who need them。

答案：B

2.When I opened my e-mail the other day,a pretty woman named Rachel appeared on my computer screen.She greeted me by name and started talking with great enthusiasm(热情).Every now and then she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss.She was reading to me an e-mail from my brother,and a lot of it was about the trouble he had getting the phone company to give him a high-speed Internet connection.It was pretty cool.

Rachel was there thanks to a new technology called Facemail.Facemail lets you send e-mail that gets read to the recipient(收件人) by an attractive male or female form or by a clown(小丑).The software,which is free,can be downloaded at www.facemail.com.

Facemail faces are lifelike,and they simulate(模拟) emotions based on emotions—for example—that you put in your text.Type in:-X,and Rachel blows a kiss.

Life FX,the company that develops the Facemail,is sure there are broad business uses.The reason e-business is not popular,the company says,is that buying over the Internet lacks the human touch.But what if you went to the Nike website and Michael Jordan greeted you by name,waited on you and personally closed the sale?And it is talking with Whirpool(惠尔普公司) about using the technology in a computer screen on a fridge.Then if Mom can’t be home when the kids get

back from school,she can leave a note with voice and image telling them what there is to eat.

Facemail could get hot fast.Personally,I’m a fan.But Facemail should be used with care.The clown looks lively and funny at first.But if you select the clown,put a few rude words in an e-mail and add some angry emotions,you’ve got psychomail(疯人型电子邮件).

Question:We can infer from the passage that Facemail ________. A.is likely to be used in other aspects(方面) of our daily life B.can destroy your e-mail if not properly used C.can be downloaded free of charge

D.will take the place of the e-mail system

命题意图：考查推理判断能力。属五星级题目。

错题分析：本题错选B、C项的学生较多。主要原因是文章研读不细和只重事实不重推理。 解题方法与技巧：（1）准确理解题干的关键词汇“infer”，意为“推断出”，故所选答案不可以是文章所列事实，以此可排除C项。（2）准确理解B项含义：如果使用不当，Facemail会毁坏你的e-mail。在文章中找出相对应的语句：But if you select the clown,put a few rude words in an e-mail and add some angry emotions,you’ve got psychomail(疯人型电子邮件)。此句含义并非Facemail can destroy your e-mail。（3）根据尾段前两句话Facemail could get hot(流行) fast.Personally,I’m a fan,以及文章前部分对Facemail用途的描述，可得出答案。

答案：A ●锦囊妙计

1.仔细阅读题干，抓住关键词汇。例：infer,conclude,imply,suggest,?

2.仔细研读选项，把握其准确意思，从文章选取相关信息，与此对照，去伪存真。 3.站在作者立场思考，把握作者意图，切忌推己及人，凭空臆断。 4.注重依据事实推断，不可简单选择和文中某一事实完全相同的选项。 ●歼灭难点训练

A

I’m afraid to grow old—we’re all afraid .In fact, the fear of growing old is so great that every aged person is an insult(伤害）and a threat to society .They remind us of our own death,that our body won’t always remain smooth and responsive(敏感的）, but will some day betray(暴露） us by aging. The ideal way to age would be to grow slowly invisible, gradually disappearing, without causing worry or discomfort to the young. In some ways that does happen. Sitting in a small park across from a nursing home one day, I noticed that young mothers and their children gathered on the “wrong” side, chasing(追逐） a ball or just trying to cover all the available space, the old people would lean forward and smile. But before any communication could be established(开始）, the mother would come over, making embarrassed(尴尬) apologies, and take her child back to the “young” side.

Now, it seemed to me that the children didn’t feel any particular fear and the old people didn’t seem to be threatened by the children. The division of space was drawn by the mothers. And the mothers never looked at the old people who lined the other side of the park. These well dressed young women had a way of sliding(忽视） their eyes over, around, through the old people; they never looked at them directly. The old people may as well have been invisible, they offended(冒犯） the aesthetic(审美的） eye of the mothers.

My early experiences were somewhat different; since I grew up in a small town, my childhood had more of a nineteenth century flavor(特点）. I knew a lot of old people, and considered some of their friends.

1.(★★★★★)It can be inferred that young mothers would try to keep their children away from the old because ________.

A.they feared their children might hurt the old

B.they didn’t like their children to take up the space belonging to the old C.they felt it was wrong to play balls near where the old stayed

D.they didn’t want their children to have anything to do with the old

B

In spite of the strong opposition to new and stricter environmental laws,however,it is still possible to attack the problem of chemical pollution;but we must attack it from three directions.First,we need more independent research into the effects of chemicals by scientists who are not paid by the government or by the large industrial companies.Second,scientists need to educate the general public and inform them about the dangers of chemicals in the environment.If the public knows that a certain chemical threatens the health of their childen,then they will put pressure on politicians in local and national governments.If the politicians want to remain in office,they will take action to correct the situation.Third,economists need to educate governments about the long-term economic costs of chemicals.It will be extremely expensive to clean areas of land which are polluted by chemicals;it will be even more costly to give medical treatment to people who are suffering from serious illnesses after exposure to dangerous chemicals.If governments realize this,the short-term economic benefits of chemicals will seem much less attractive to them.

If we can put pressure on governments in these three ways,perhaps they will begin to behave more responsibly（有责任心地）,and they will perhaps pass new laws against pollution and enforce them strictly.Perhaps,then,the chemical producers will begin to behave more responsibly.

2.(★★★★★)Which of the following can be inferred from this passage? A.The economy is more important to government than people’s health is.

B.Governments think chemicals brings them more economic benefits than economic cost. C.The public knows enough about the dangers of chemical pollution.

D.The governments fully realize the long-term economic costs of chemical pollution.

C

Vincent Van Gogh was an important painter of the 19th century.He was born in Holland,but he lived much of his life in France.He was a very emotional man,and there was much suffering in his life.

His style of painting was very different from classical art.He painted pictures of the sunny,hot regions of France.He looked for interesting shapes and exciting colors.He liked to work freely and quickly.There is fast movement in many of his paintings.Sometimes the trees look like fire.The sun,moon,and stars move rapidly in the sky.He also painted pictures of people.

Paul Gauguin was another 19th century painter.He was French and a friend of Van Gogh.Before he became an artist,Gauguin had been a businessman for many years.He made a lot of money and he liked to buy modern,paintings.

At the age of 35 Gauguin decided to become a painter himself.Money had become too important to many people.Gauguin wanted to discover more important things about man.He went to a different Part of France to live with the farmers.He painted pictures of French country people there.Two years later he went to live in a small place in the Pacific Ocean,thousands of miles from France.He wanted to learn about the simple life there.His most famous and interesting paintings were painted at that time.

3.(★★★★★)What can you infer from the article? A.The classical art is much too dull and lifeless.

B.Both of the two artists learned a lot from the classical art.

C.Both of the two artists had a very hard life,especially suffered from poverty(穷困). D.The classical art has been the aim of the two artists.

D

In many countries today,laws protect wildlife.In India the need for such protection was realized centuries ago.

About 300 BC an Indian writer described forests that were somewhat like national parks today.The killing of game beasts was carefully supervised.Some animals were fully protected.Within the forest,nobody was allowed to cut trees,burn wood for charcoal,or trap animals for their furs.Animals that became dangerous to human visitors were trapped or killed outside the park,so that other animals would not become uneasy.

The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before.About a thousand species of animals are in danger of extinction,and the rate at which they are being destroyed has increased.With mammals,for instance,the rate of extinction is now about one species every year;from AD 1 to 1800,the rate was about one species every fifty years.Everywhere,men are trying to solve the problem for preserving wildlife while caring for the world’s growing population.

4.(★★★★★)Which of the following statements is implied but not stated? A.The growth of the world’s population has meant greater danger to wildlife. B.About a thousand species of animals are in danger of dying out.

C.The rate of extinction of mammals is lower now than it was from AD 1 to 1800. D.Hunters who kill endangered species are severely punished by law.

E

After entering the WTO,China will enjoy the most favored nation status as a member country.This will enable China’s products to enter foreign markets at a lower tax.After joining the WTO,China has to carry out the WTO’s rules and open its home markets;this will help further improve the investment （投资）environment and strengthen the appeal（吸引力）of Chinese markets to foreign investment.It is conducive（有利的）to speeding the readjustment of our industrial structure.And it helps continue deepening China’s economic restructuring（改进）.

It helps China to take part in the formulation of new rules of international trade,protecting China’s rights and interests and raising China’s international status.

Of course,in joining the WTO,China will have to take up some duties,this will surely bring certain pressure and challenge to us.

Firstly,further opening the market will cause some domestic products,enterprises and industries to face stronger competition.

Secondly,China’s foreign economic and trade management will,to a certain extent,be restricted by the WTO rules.

In looking at the advantages and disadvantages of China’s joining the WTO,we cannot base ourselves on one or several industries,instead we should keep an eye on the development of the entire economy.Looking upon the matter from the entire industry,entry into the WTO will bring to China’s industries greater opportunities than its side effects.Most Chinese industries will gain more opportunities for development.

To ordinary people,entry into the WTO means cheaper foreign goods.At present,some imported goods are very expensive because our country collects very nigh taxes on them.After entry into the WTO,these taxes will be cut down gradually so that it will force down the prices of imported goods coming into China.Home customers will benefit greatly.But it is not wise to hope that all foreign goods will become cheap overnight.In fact,according to the WTO agreement,there is a period of time during which some important but underdeveloped industries are protected so that they will not be destroyed by the rush of cheaper foreign goods.The car industry is a good example.It is believed that during the first few years after China’s entry into the WTO,the prices of cars will remain comparatively stable （稳定）.

5.(★★★★★)It is implied but not said directly that ________ after joining the WTO. A.some industries will not develop because of strong competition B.China’s foreign trade will be restricted by the WTO rules C.China’s car industry will develop fast D.ordinary people can buy cheaper goods

F

We welcome you aboard the Finnair Flight and will do our best to make your trip comfortable and enjoyable.

For your safety and convenience

To begin the trip , we would like to draw your attention to some safety—related details. These are also explained on the instruction card in the seat pocket in front of you.Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is on.It is advisable to keep them fastened at all times while seated . All flights are non-smoking . The use of mobile telephones is now allowed when the airplane is on the ground and “the fasten seatbelts”sign is turned off. During the flight the use of CD and DVD players is now allowed.

For your entertainment

To help you enjoy your trip, we provide a range of newspapers on international flights . On our MD—11 and Boeing aircraft,we are also pleased to provide music and video programs. On Airbus A321/320/319,aircraft route maps and short videos are shown. Details of entertainment programs available on MD—11 aircraft are shown on the separate“On the Air” brochure located in your seat pocket.

For your children

Special reading material is provided for children and no longer flights there are also audio and video programs for them. On long-distance flights, first-time flyers between the ages of 2 and 15 can join our Finnair Junior Plus Club.

Meals and drinks

During most flights we serve you a tasty meal with drinks to accompany it . Beer, wine and other drinks are served free of charge.Coffee , tea and juice are served free of charge on all domestic flights of over 35 minutes. On domestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to northern Finland, a snack is served. We value your opinion.

In this magazine you’ll find a special form for your comments about our service.Kindly return the form to our crew or any Finnair office . It will be forwarded directly to the appropriate department . You can also fax it (+358-(0)89819—7729)or send your comments by e-mail to feedback@finniar.com. Our crew is pleased to answer your questions during the flight whenever possible.

6.(★★★★★)You may find this passage in ________. A.a newspaper B.a book C.a magazine D.an official document

G

Looking back on my childhood,I realize that naturalists are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way,my brothers and sisters soon gave up their pressed flowers and insects.Unlike them,I had no ear for music and languages.I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.

Before World War Ⅰ we spent our summer holidays in Hungary.I have only the unclear memory of the house we lived in,of my room and my toys .Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents,aunts,uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a clear memory of the dogs,the farm animals,the local birds,and above all,the insects.

I am a naturalist,not a scientist.I have a strong love of the natural world and my eagerness has led me into varied studies or research.I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries.Then something happens that brings these observations together in my sensible mind.Suddenly you imagine you see the answer to the puzzling question,because it all seems to fit together.This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books,which some might honor with the title of scientific research.

But curiously,a sharp eye,a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant worlds do not make a scientist;one of the best-known and important qualities required is self-training,a quality I lack.A scientist requires not only self-discipline but hard training,determination and a goal.A scientist,up to a point,can be made.A naturalist is born.If you can combine the two,you get the best of both.

7.(★★★★★)It can be inferred from the passage that the author was ________. A.a scientist as well as a naturalist B.a naturalist as well as a scientist C.no more than a born naturalist D.first of all a scientist

H

There is probably no field of human activity in which our values and lifestyles are shown more clearly and strongly than they are in the clothes that we choose to wear.The dress of an individual is a kind of “sign language ” that communicates a set of information and is usually the basis on which immediate impressions are formed.Traditionally,a concern for clothes was considered to be an affair of females,while men took pride in the fact that they were completely lacking in clothes consciousness(意识).

This type of American culture is by degrees changing as man dress takes on greater variety and color.Even as early as 1955,a researcher in Michigan said that men attached rather high importance to the value of clothing in daily life.White-collar- workers in particular viewed dress as a symbol(象征) of ability,which could be used to impress or influence others,especially in the work situation.The white-collar worker was described as extremely concerned about the impression his clothing made on his superiors(上司).Although blue-collar workers were less aware(察觉到的) that they might be judged on the basis of their clothing,they recognized that any difference from the accepted pattern of dress would be made fun of by fellow workers.

Since that time,of course,the patterns have changed:the typical office worker may now be wearing the blue shirt,and the laborer a white shirt;but the importance of dress has not become less.Other researchers in recent years have helped to prove its importance in the lives of

individuals at various age levels and in different social and economic status groups(阶层).

8.(★★★★★)The passage mainly suggests that ________. A.now men pay more attention to their clothes than women do B.women always like beautiful dresses

C.people have paid more and more attention to the importance of dress D.American culture is changing greatly

难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题

猜测词义题要求学生根据以往所学知识，对上下文的理解及自身的生活经验等猜测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义，是阅读理解题中的难点。

●难点磁场

1.(★★★★)Mental health care in China has dramatically improved over the last 10 years,according to experts.

Increasing numbers of urban Chinese are today seeking counselling on a wide range of issues related to mental health.

“We receive more than 120 visitors a day right now—20 per cent up over that of 1998,”said Zhang Haiyin,chief doctor with the Shanghai Mental Health Centre.Ten years ago,the centre received 70 to 80 visitors a week.

To accommodate the growing number of patients,the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.

Most of the counselling focuses on problems to do with education,employment,family life,relationships as well as mental distress,trouble and insomnia.White-collar workers are the major recipients of counselling,accounting for 30 percent of total patients,said Zhang.

“The growing visits indicate Chinese people pay more attention to their quality of life.They have a better understanding that mental health is as improtant as physical well-being.”

Chen Zhigang,an employee of a foreign-funded consulting firm in Beijing,felt depressed and was encouraged by friends to seek mental health counselling.The doctor found he was suffering as a result of workplace pressure and competition.After several months of treatment,he was back to full health.

“Mental health counselling helped reduce my pressure,”said Chen.

But many people are still reluctant to use counselling services.Zhu Chengyi,a railway worker from Shanghai,is unwilling to seek help.

“I will not go for it.It is too embarrassing for me,”said Zhu.“How can I tell my colleagues and family that I am seeking mental health counselling?They would think I was crazy.”

Zhang said a lack of information about mental health care prevented the grown of services in China.

He said a standardized training system was required to make sure all mental health doctors were properly trained.

“In Western countries,mental health counselling has a wide range of methods for consultation and treatment.We need to improve our training to upgrade our services.”

Question:1.The underlined word “extend” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A.pay attention to B.feel like doing C.enlarge and lengthen D.reduce

2.(★★★★★)Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyse their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.

One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog cer ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her car. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rings. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these“Programme assembly failure.”

Twenty per cent of all errors were “test failures”—primarily due to not verifying the progress of what a body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on—much to his surprise. A woman victim reported: “I got into the bath with my socks on.”

The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.

The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.

Questions:2.The word “verifying” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________. A.improving B.changing C.checking D.stopping

3.According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to ________. A.the destruction of information collecting system B.the elimination of one’s total memory

C.the temporary loss of part of one’s memory

D.the separation of one’s action from consciousness

3.(★★★★)One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work.

However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U. S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.

Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages.

First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary—because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patient improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100 000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.

Question:4.“To do this” (in Paragraph 3) means ________. A.to help patients recover

B.to increase the number of heart surgeries

C.to get back the money spent on the equipment

D.to buy new equipment for the treatment of heart disease

4.(★★★★★)Some of the best-known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unprecedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States. The benefit (义演）,called“America:a Tribute to Heroes,”was sponsored by all four major U.S. television networks,ABC,CBS,FOX and NBC.It was broadcast by three-dozen television,cable and radio networks across the country and aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world.

Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping the victims of the September 11th attacks.

Actors,including Tom Hanks,Julia Roberts,Tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood,told stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World Trade Center and the Pentagon.Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance in a show of support.

The appeals alternated with performances by such popular entertainers as Bruce Springsteen,Mariah Carey,Stevie Wonder,Paul Simon and the rock band U—2.

They appeared on stages in New York,Los Angeles and London,decorated with hundreds of burning candles.

Singer Billy Joel sang “New York State of Mind”with a New York City firefighter’s hat on his piano.Sting dedicated his song “Fragile”to a friend who died in the World Trade Center.Stevie Wonder condemned hatres in the name of religion before singing his song “Love’s in Need of Love Today”.Pledge phones were manned by dozens of other celebrities,including Jack Nicholson,Meg Ryan,Whoopie Goldberg,Cindy Crawford,Al Pacino and Sylvester Stallone.

Organizers say the two-hour telethon raised millions of dollars.All participants,from stars to stagehands,worked without pay.

Question:5.The underlined word “telethon” most probably means ________. A.a performance to raise money

B.a concert held by some television networks C.a television program which lasts a long time D.a television program for entertainment ●案例探究

1.A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.

“Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents,and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement.But it really doesn’t have to be that way,”said Anaclerio.Last summer,Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle,a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old,founded a home party-planning business called “A Party in a Basket”.Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning,like choosing the subject or making a cake,while they take care of everything.

Drawing on their experiences as mothers,they have created(制作) 10 ready-to-use,home party packages.Everything a family needs to plan a party,except the cake and ice cream,is delivered to the home in a large basket.

“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,”Anaclerio said,“and they’re very interactive(互动) and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.For example,at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations.”

The standard ＄200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitation,gifts,games and prizes,paper goods,a party planner and the like.For more information,call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.

Question:What does the underlined word “hassle”(Paragraph 1) probably mean? A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests 命题意图：本题考查学生通过上下文猜测词义的能力，实际上也是考查学生的推理判断能力。属五星级题目。

错解分析：本题错解的原因主要是反义词领会不准确。 解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，抓文章大意，可知文章旨在推荐一种home party-planning business，其目的在于帮助父母及孩子筹办家庭晚会，从而把此工作化麻烦为乐趣。（2）仔细观察首段文字，“doesn’t have to be a hassle”和“can be a basket of fun” 互为反义，故可以推出答案。

答案：C

2.LONDON(Reuters)—Organic fruit,delivered right to the doorstep.That is what Gabriel Gold prefers,and he is willing to pay for it.If this is not possible,the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.

“Organic produce is always better,”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地) grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.But how many shoppers really know what they are getting,and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce?Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reason for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.For example,small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products.And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported(进口) to meet growing demand.“The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year,so it is a very fast-growing market,” said Sue Flock,a specialist in this line of business.

Question:What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text?

A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 命题意图：考查学生通过推理判断来猜测词义的能力。属五星级题目。

错解分析：本题错解的原因主要在于太孤立地看待相关语句，没能把上下文串起来。 解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，了解全文大意：越来越多的人热衷于有机食品。 （2）联系上下文。由第一段“That(即Organic fruit) is what Gabriel Gold prefers”,第二段“Organic produce is always better,Gold said.”可知Gold对Organic food深感兴趣，再根据“Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him”，可知Gold是越来越多的喜爱Organic food的购物者中的一员，而且全英国的超级市场也正依赖（count on）越来越多的像他这样的人（来赚钱）。因此可得出答案。

答案：A ●锦囊妙计

1.通读全文，领会大意。 2.对上下文进行逻辑推理。

3.利用同义词、反义词、近义词、构词法（派生、合成、转化）等推测词义。 4.依靠自己的生活常识和社会经验进行判断。 ●歼灭难点训练

A

For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space,on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages.

Scientists are using powerful radio telescopes to listen to signals from about 1 000 stars,all within 100 light years of Earth.In addition,they will scan(扫视） the entire sky to “listen” for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time. Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise.

Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy（银河星系）, scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like Earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for temperatures to be right for the evolution(进化） of life. Based on the inhabitable(that can be lived in) planets in our galaxy,most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets support some life.

However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent(有智力的） life exists on other planets.Some believe that twenty years of searching without any intelligible messages shows that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely.

Other scientists believe that our search hasn’t been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family is only about five billion years old, our galaxy is about 20 billion years old. In that time,some scientists think it is likely that civilization(文明） much more advanced than ours have developed. Perhaps these civilizations send us no signals; perhaps we have not recognized the signals they have sent us. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep looking.

1.(★★★★★)The underlined word “monitor” in the passage means “________”.

A.find C.check B.follow D.form

B

Internet shopping is a new way of shopping. You no longer need to walk round hundreds of shops looking for the items you need. Nowadays, you can shop for just about anything from your armchair. All you need is a computer which is linked to the Internet. Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular. In the United States, 50 per cent of families have computers at home and almost one third are linked to the Internet. Americans spent over US ＄2.5 billion on Internet shopping in 1998. This figure is expected to reach US ＄11 billion by the year 2004.

People can shop for a variety of products on the Internet. Physical products include things such as books, CDs, clothes and food. These types of products are the most common purchases(购入品) through the Internet. You can also buy information products such as on-line news or magazine stories, or you can download computer software through the Internet. Services such as booking airline tickets, reserving(预定） hotels or renting cars are also available(可得到的) on the Internet. You can also go shopping on the Internet for entertainment services and take part in on-line games or e-mail “chats”.

2.(★★★★)The phrase “physical products” in the second paragraph means things _____.

A.that can be seen or felt B.useful for health care C.that help you keep fit D.connected with sports

C

TERNANG，Mon—More than 10 000 people were made homeless in Ternang when the Sungai Mas overflowed its banks yesterday after six days of continuous heavy rain.

Flooding first appeared at mid-afternoon yesterday along the river banks.People straggling higher ground were just in time to get away from the destroy of the flood.Most of the flood victims had to leave their possessions behind.

The flood victims are now housed in various make-shift relief centers in the nearby town of Tulang.

“Everything possible is being done to help the unfortunate people.”A government spokesman said,“In fact,money,food and clothing have begun to come in from public-spirited organizations and generous persons.”

According to latest reports it is still raining heavily at Ternang.The whole town is expected to be totally covered by water.So far no casualty has been reported. 3.(★★★★)The word“casualty”in the last sentence means________. A.the house that is being built

B.the money that is given to the victims C.the person killed or injured in an accident D.the things lost in the flood

D

If women are exploited(剥削) year after year,they have only themselves to blame.Because they shake at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion(时髦),they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it,only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe(衣柜) packed full of clothes and

announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the creation of waste on purpose.Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way,waste hours of their time changing the dresses they have.Skirts are lengthened or shortened;neck-lines are lowered or raised,and so on.

No one can declare that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.Fashion designers are seldom concerned with important things like warmth,comfort and durability(耐用).They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort,as long as they look right.There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day,or picking her away through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes,one wonders,show basic qualities of inconstancy and instability(不稳定性)?Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.Do their unchanging styles of dress show basic qualities of stability and reliability?That is for you to decide.

4.(★★★★★)By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”,the writer means that ______. A.women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at B.women are better able to put up with discomfort C.men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers D.men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion

E

I had applied for the nuclear submarine (潜艇)program,and Admiral Rickover was interviewing me for the job.It was the first time I met Admiral Rickover,and we sat in a large room by ourselves for more than two hours,and he let me choose any subjects I wished to discuss.Very carefully,I chose those about which I knew most at the time—current events,seamanship,music,literature, naval tactics,electronics,gunnery—and he began to ask me a series of questions of increasing difficulty.In each instance,he soon proved that I knew relatively little about the subjects I had chosen.

He always looked right into my eyes,and he never smiled.I was saturated with cold sweat. Finally,he asked me a question and I thought I could recover myself.He said,“How did you stand in your class at Georgia Tech before entering Annapolis as a first year student?”I had done very well,and I swelled my chest with pride and answered,“Sir,I stood fifty-ninth in a class of 820!”I sat back to wait for the congratulations—which never came.Instead,the question:“Did you do your best?”I started to say,“Yes,sir,”but I remembered who this was,and recalled several of my times at the Academy when I could have learned more about our allies（二战时的同盟国）,our enemies,weapons strategy,and so forth.I was just human.I finally gulped and said,“No.Sir,I didn’t always do my best.”

He looked at me for a long time,and then turned his chair around to end the interview.He asked one final question,which I have never been able to forget—or to answer.He said,“Why not?”I sat there for a while,shaken,and then slowly left the room.

5.(★★★★)The word “saturated”in the second paragraph may probably mean ________. A.satisfied B.completely wet C.shameful D.separated

F

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied . But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity ?There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually makes him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important , and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important , there is usually very little that can be done to create it .

Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making . In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one,so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line.It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity?The workers themselves certainly think this is important . But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more.A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting , they will neither want more money, nor will shorten working hours be so important to them.

6.(★★★★)In the article, the word“productivity” means________. A.the activity of producing something B.the production volume in a time unit C.the plan and the method of production D.both the quantity and quality of a product

G

One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit one’s mistakes.It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like “I was wrong about that,”and it is even harder to say,“I was wrong,and you were right about that.”

I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago.He told me he had been the manager of a certain store in the neighbourhood where I grew up,and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons (in many countries,eggs are sold by the dozen and are put in cartons).Then he related an incident (event,matter)and I began to remember unclearly the incident he was describing.

I was about eight years old at the time.I went into the store with my mother to do some shopping.On that particular day,I must have found my way to the food department where the incident took place.

There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there were lots of eggs in dozen and half-dozen cartons.The cartons were put three or four feet high.I must have stopped in front of the piles of egg cartons.Just then a woman came by pushing her shopping cart and knocked off the cartons.For some reason,I decided it was up to me to put the eggs back together,so I went to work.

The manager heard the noise and came rushing over to see what had happened.When he appeared,I was on my knees looking at some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken,but to him it looked as though I was the one who just did it.He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs.I tried to explain,but it did no good.Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident,it is plain that the manager did not.

7.(★★★★)The word “reprimanded”in the last paragraph most exactly means “________”.

A.frightened B.scolded C.warned D.comforted

H

Tony Bennett,the American singer recently touring Britain,can’t remember how many times he has sung his standard hit “I Left My Heart In San Francisco.”He sang it again to his audience at the London Palladium last night.

“I never get tired of singing it,”he said,“I like it too much.It’s a great city and it’s a good song.”

Bennett is to record a TV special with American singer Lena Home while he is here.And a new LP recorded by him in London for Philips titled “Listen Easy” will be published in June.

“I like it here,”he added quietly over whiskey.“I would like to live here so many months of the year.”

He already keeps a large flat in Grosvenor Square,where he is staying with his actress wife Sandie Grant and their three-year-old daughter Joanna.It has a studio where he likes to paint.Tony plans to have his first exhibition later in the year and he has already sold one picture ＄4 000.At the end of the year Tony is to star in a musical film which has been specially written for him called “Two Bits,” an informal expression for 50 cents.It’s about an Italian immigrant(移民) who goes to America,but he becomes a failure.

“In many ways it’s very close to my life the way the story has been written,”said Bennett.“My father,an Italian,was ill and died when I was nine.He always wanted me to sing,but he never lived long enough to be a part of my success.”

The film is to be made by Italy’s top director Vittoria De Sica.

8.(★★★★★) The phrase “standard hit” most nearly means ________. A.Bennett’s favourite song but it’s not very popular B.a song that is always popular C.a song which makes him standard

D.a song which is like a heavy blow to his audience

专题26 斤斤计较的数字计算题

数字计算题往往涉及多处信息，这就要求学生要处处留心、斤斤计较，方能解答正确。 ●难点磁场

A

The Grange 15 Lamb’s Mews

London SW19 1PF 19th January

Dear Ms Hawthorne

I am writing to express my disappointment with the evening my wife and I spent at your

restaurant two nights ago.While the food was,as usual,very good,I regret to inform you that the service from our waiter,Max,was most unsatisfactory.

First of all,when we arrived,we discovered our table overlooking the garden had been given away to some other customers.The new table we finally received was by the door and when I complained,Max just laughed.

Furthermore,as we were sitting down,he was extremely familiar with my wife,which deeply made her uncomfortable.When our meal came,he served the food casually and at the end cleared the plates in a most rude fashion.

Regarding the payment of service,I noticed your menu which says that the matter of rewarding service is at the willingness of the guest.In addition,I should point out that on other occasions I have left at least 12 percent.This time,I felt right in leaving nothing.

I regret having to write this letter,but as a regular customer I am extremely displeased and did not expect to be treated in this manner.I look forward to hearing from you with a satisfactory reply,or,if you prefer,we could meet in person to resolve this matter.

Yours sincerely, Rupert Metcalf

1.(★★★★)Mr Metcalf had dinner in the restaurant on ________. A.16th January B.17th January C.18th January D.19th January 2.How many complaints does Mr Metcalf have in his letter? A.One. B.Two. C.Four. D.Six.

B

Have you ever noticed,when looking at a map of the world ,that the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa look as though they might fit together?If you have,you are not alone,In 1965 the English scientist Sir Edward Bullard used a computer to test the fit of the two continents and found that at an ocean depth of 2000 metres the match was very close indeed.

It seems too remarkable to be possible,but there is a lot of evidence(证据) to suggest that Africa was once joined to South America.For example,there is a belt of ancient rocks along the east coast of Brazil which is similar to the rocks across the South Atlantic in West Africa.

There is further evidence that existing land masses were once linked.The remains of a 400-to-500-million-year-old mountain chain has been found running down the eastern part of Greenland,western Scandinavia,and through north-west Scotland and Ireland,into western Canada, eventually finding their way to north-west Africa. Then there is the evidence from life itself.In various parts of the world today the same animals and plants can be found on land masses separated by,in some cases,thousands of miles of oceans.Did they develop at the same time in two different places?It seems unlikely.Biologists believe that there must have been land bridges which have now sunk beneath the sea.Also fossils(化石) found in sedimentary rocks (fossils are the preserved remains of life forms) have allowed geologists to trace the same plants from South America,and Antarctica(北极) in rocks perhaps 300 million years old.

The ice that is now confined to(限制) the polar regions（北极或南极地区)has not always been so limited in extent.Indeed,during a period of the Earth’s history known as the permocarboniferous age(二叠石炭纪) about 250~350 million years ago there is evidence from the rocks that there were glaciers covering South America,parts of Africa,India,Australia,as well as

Antarctica.On the other hand,in the northern hemisphere(北半球),there were deserts.If the continents sparead out as they are today,it is hard to understand how this could be.

So there is considerable evidence to show whole continents moved apart,and naturally many people have tried to discover how and why whole land masses moved.

3.(★★★★★)How many proofs does the author give in the passage? A.3. B.6. C.4. D.7.

C

The outburst of joy at the success of China’s national football team in reaching the World Cup finals easily matched the scenes of celebration which attended Beijing’s Olympic bid win.

It’s little surprise:football fans had waited 44 years for that moment—three times longer than the seemingly endless World Trade Organization negotiations(谈判)！

The 53-year-old Serb coach(教练) Bora Milutinovic is regarded now as nothing less than a saviour by football fans used to years of broken dreams and bitter setbacks.

Best known to fans as Milu,he has been believed by many with playing a major role in helping the Chinese team win its tickets to the 2002 World Cup being co-hosted by South Korea and Japan.

Having already guided Mexico,Costa Rica,Nigeria and the United States to the World Cup finals,Bora Milutinovic managed to continue his winning streak in China.He made it clear however last Friday in Shenyang Wulihe Stadium that he preferred not to be seen as a miracle worker.

Before guiding the Chinese team to the finals,Milu was one of only two coaches in the world to take four national sides to the final stages.The other one is Carlos Alberto Parreir.Milu however is the only man to take all for teams to the second round of the finals.And now he was gone on better taking the fifth team to the finals.

4.(★★★★)The negotiation of China’s entering the WTO has lasted about ________ years. A.44. B.15. C.22. D.10 ●案例探究 1. JULY MON. TUES. 1WED. 2THURS. 3FRI. 4SAT. 5SUN. 632 29 31 40 46 38 727 834 930 1024 1139 1245 1341 1423 1531 1628 1726 1838 1949 2039 2126 2235 2327 2425 2543 2647 2742 2829 2927 3034 3129

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