专四语法第5节- 形容词，副词，比较结构

英语专业四级 语法系列—5.形容词，副词，比较结构

第五节 形容词、副词及比较结构

一、 形容词概述

描述事物的词，涉及事物的外貌，颜色，大小等属性。形容词有不同的种类，在句中可以有不同的功能，

有的形容词有级的变化。主要包括：形容词按意义可以分为：属性形容词；类别形容词；兼类形容词；颜色形容词；强调形容词；按在句中担任的成分可以分为：定语形容词；表语形容词；兼定语和表语的形容词；按构词方式可以分为：普通形容词；分词形容词；复合形容词。

常见考点

形容词在句中的位置

概述：形容词作定语修饰名词时，一般放在被修饰的名词前。但下列情况，形容词通常位于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。

1.形容词作定语

●形容词修饰以-thing, -one, -body等结尾的复合代词如something, anything, someone, somebody等时； ●由前缀a-构成的形容词作定语时要求后置，这些形容词包括：afraid, alone, alike, ashamed, asleep, afloat, awake等；

●由两个或两个以上的词构成的形容词词组修饰名词时。

2.多个形容词修饰同一名词

名词中心词带多个形容词作前置修饰语时，形容词大体按一下顺序排列

限定词（冠词/物主代词/指示代词）+描述性形容词(charming/beautiful)+表示大小，长短，高低的形容词+表示形状的形容词+表示年龄、新旧的形容词+颜色+ 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词+表示物质材料的形容词+表示用途类别的形容词+名词中西次。 many beautiful old European cathedral cities

a large antique brown and white German beer mug

a charming small round old brown French oak writing desk

二、 副词概述

副词（Adverb）是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词和句子等，以说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。

1.副词的构成 本身就是副词 形容词尾直接加ly 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i，再加ly 以辅音+le结尾的词去e加y 2.副词的种类 种类 时间副词 地点副词 用法 表示时间 表示地点或位置关系 here,there,often,always,very careful-carefully ,slow-slowly,real-really happy-happily,easy-easily,busy-busily simply-simply,comfortable-comfortably 举例 now,today,yesterday,then here,there,home,out,anywhere 1

英语专业四级 语法系列—5.形容词，副词，比较结构

方式副词 程度副词 频率副词 疑问副词 一般回答怎样的这类问题的 表示程度 表示做事情的频率 用于引导一个特殊疑问句 well,fast,slowly,happily very,too,quite,a little,enough always,often,never,sometimes when,how,where,why 常见考点

1. 判断副词在句中所修饰的成分，副词在句子中作状语、表语、定语、介词宾语和宾语补足语等。如： That’s a very funny film. 那是一部很有意思的电影。（作状语，修饰形容词） He left shortly after the meeting. 会后他马上离开了。（作状语，修饰介词）

2. 判断一些特殊副词的辨析及使用，如already，yet，barely，hardly，quite, enough等；

副词enough 作副词修饰形容词、副词或动词时，一般位于它们的后面；当它作形容词修饰名词时，位于名词之前。

E1：What he has written is good enough. 他写的东西非常好。（修饰形容词） E2：There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物。（修饰名词）

三、 比较结构概述

英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级,即原级,比较级和最高级。 一般来说, 表示等于时用原级。

E1：I’m just as busy today as I was yesterday. 表示二者的比较时用比较级。

E2：I’m much busier today than I was yesterday. 表示“最”时用最高级

E3. That was the busiest day of my life. 1.形容词的原级比较 1.1原级肯定比较

1.1.1基本形式“as +原级+as” 结构 1.1.2 变体

1) as + much/many + 名词+ as 2) as +形原级 + a + 名词 +as 3) as + 形+ 不可数名词+ as 4) 名词复数+as +形 + as

5) the same +表示度量的名次（height, depth）as/ be similar to E1：We need as many records as (it is) possible. 1.2原级比较的否定

表示“A不及B??”的句型 not as/so +形容词原形+as less+形容词原级/副词原级+than Example:

They didn’t enjoy the play as/so much as we did. 1.3原级比较带修饰语

带 “as…as…”的词组可以在其前加倍数词和下列词语修饰：

“twice, three time, half, a quarter, (not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, every bit, exactly.”

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英语专业四级 语法系列—5.形容词，副词，比较结构

Example:

It’s not nearly as cold as yesterday. 1.4比较级常见表达

较高程度比较“A比B??” 形容词（副词）比较级+than 形容词比较级+（名词）+ than the+形容词比较级+of+名词

2.形容词比较等级的构成 构成 单音节词尾加er,est 单音节词尾e, 加r, st 闭音节单音节词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母加er, est 原级 great fine big 比较级 greater finer bigger happier cleverer more difficult 最高级 greatest finest biggest happiest cleverest most difficult 少数以y,er,ow, ble结尾双音节词尾加happy er,est （y前为辅音字母去y加ier, iest） clever 其它双音节词和多音节词,前加 more, most difficult 3. 副词比较等级的构成

副词比较等级的构成大致与形容词比较等级的构成相同,但以后缀ly结尾的副词用more和most。 规则变化 hard hardest hardest early quickly 不规则变化 原级 little far ill/bad 比较级 less farther(further) worse 最高级 least farthest(furthest) worst 原级 old good/well 比较级 older(elder) better 最高级 oldest(eldest) best earlier more quickly earliest most quickly 比较级常见考点

1. 常见比较结构的辨析，如not more...than..., no more...than...; not less than..., no less... than...,not any more ...than...等；

1) more?than?是?而不是,与其说是?不如说是 eg. She is more keen than wise.

2) not so much …as与其说是…不如说是

eg. It wasn’t so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn’t interested. 2. the+比较级, the+比较级

此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越??就越??”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

Eg：The better I knew him, the more I liked him. 我越了解他就越喜欢他。 3. 比较级+and+比较级

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英语专业四级 语法系列—5.形容词，副词，比较结构

此句型表示“越来越?”，单音节形容词或副词用“-er+and +-er”； Eg：Things are getting better and better every day. 情况一天天好起来。 4. “more of + a + 名词+than+…” = “A比B更…” She is more of a musician than her brother.

= She is more a musician than her brother. 她比她弟弟更像有音乐天赋。 5.no more than与not more than

两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”，强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。 Eg：This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只需30分钟。 6. no more ?than 与 no less?than

前者意为“与?一样不”，否定两者；而后者则表示“和?一样”，肯定两者。 Eg：She’s no more a great singer than I am. 他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。 7. no less than 与not less than

表示均可表示数量，前者意为“多达”、“有?之多”，强调多；后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。 Eg：He paid no less than $10,000 for it. 他为此付了10000多美元。

四、 最高级概述

1. 基本结构：（the+）形容词/副词的最高级+比较级范围。最高级的含义也可通过more...than，as...as, 否定词+比较级等结构表达。

Eg：This is the best picture in the hall.

2.最高级比较范围：用介词in, over, of, among。

in, (all) over用于在某一范围内的比较，如：in China, all over the world.

of, among用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较，如：among the teachers, of the four dresses. 3. 最高级意义的其他表达

1.)形容词/副词比较级+ than+ any other + 单数名词

形容词/副词比较级+ than+ any of the other + 复数名词

Eg. He checked the car engine more carefully than any of the other mechanics. 2.) 否定词+（名词）+??+ as+形容词/副词原级+as 3.) 否定词+形容词比较级

4.）never+ so/such+ 原级+名词

as+原级+as ever

5.) more+形容词+than + the +同一形容词构成的名词

三、历年考题和模拟题

1. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race

than environmental destruction. (2007)

A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more 2. - He is no taller than his twin brother. (1998)

- John is _____ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. A. no less B. no more C. not less D. no so 3. A new laptop costs about ____ of a second-hand one. (2009) A. the price of three times B. three times the price

C. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price 4. Americans eat ____ as they actually need every day.(1998.6)

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英语专业四级 语法系列—5.形容词，副词，比较结构

A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much twice C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much

5.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ___ the size of St. Peter’s in Rome. A. / B. that of C. which is D. of

6. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than _____ in traditional media.

A. exist B. exists C. existing D. to exist

7. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is __ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a

huge and diverse audience.(2001年考研题) A. everything except B. anything but

C. no less than D. nothing more than

8. Fat cannot change into muscle ___ muscle changes into fat. （1999）

A. any more than B. no less than C. no more than D. much more than

9. The heart is _______ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. A. not so B. not much C. much more D. no more

10. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner____ to the professor. (1998) A. as far as B. the same as C. as much as D. as long as

11. Issues of price, place, promotion and product are ____ conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies.

(2004)

A. these of the most B. most of those C. among the most D. among the many of

12. She gave me the impression of having more teeth than _____ necessary for any practical purpose. A. was B. is C. did D. were 13. I saw a ___ film.

A. new fantastic British B. fantastic new British C. new British fantastic D. British new fantastic 14. ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last

15. One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

16. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete \

A. before B. recently C. lately D. yet

17. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete \ A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost

18. What does \ A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money. B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.

C. He was short of money and didn't want to buy anything. D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.

19. Susan is very hard-working, but her pay is not ___ for her work.

A. enough good B. good enough C. as good enough D. good as enough

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英语专业四级 语法系列—5.形容词，副词，比较结构

20. I felt that I was not yet _____to travel abroad.

A. too strong B. strong enough C. so strong D. enough strong

21. She managed to save _ _____she could out of her wages to help her brother. A. how little money B. so little money C. such little money D. what little money

22.The patient’s progress was very encouraging as he could ____ get out of bed without help.

A. nearly B. hardly C. merely D. barely

23. There are few electronic applications ____ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots. A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely 24. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _____ than Tim. A. much more sportsman B. more of a sportsman C. more of sportsman D. more a sportsman

25. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness______ by his lack of talent. A. as much as B. rather thanC. asD. than 26. It was _______ we had hoped.

A. more a success thanB. a success more than C. as much of a success asD. a success as much as

27. If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ________ would be getting sick.(1998.1) A. a lot of more us B. more a lot of us C. a lot of us more D. a lot more of us 28. The little man was ____ more than one meter fifty tall.(1995.1)

A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost 29. It is not unusual for workers in that region ____.(1995.1)

A. to be paid more than a month late B. to be paid later than more a month C. to pay later than a month more D. to pay late more than a month

30. It is reported that ________adopted children went to know who their natural parents are.(1997.1)

A. the most B. most of C. most D. the most of 31. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. He is a Chinese tall intelligent young officer. B. There are a few new major urban highways. C. She is wearing a pretty pink woolen sweater. D. He stands on a beautiful little white stone bridge. 32. —How slim your sister’s figure is!

—It’s _______ mine when I was at her age.

A. not slimmer as B. no slimmer than C. not slim more than D. no more slimmer as 33. “She is mo less optimistic than her elder sister.” The sentence means that

A. She is not as optimistic as her elder sister. B. She is more optimistic than her elder sister. C. She is as optimistic as her elder sister.

D. She is no more optimistic than her elder sister.

34. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “_______ the teachers came?”

A. Often B. Nearly C. Eventually D. Almost

35. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “I’ve done this ______”? A. before B. yet C. recently D. again 36. Kate is ________ diligent than her brother, but she didn’t pass the exam.

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英语专业四级 语法系列—5.形容词，副词，比较结构

A. no less B. no more C. not less D. no so 37. He braked hard and ________ avoided a parked van.

A. only B. quite C. narrowly D. seldom

38. You are________ careful than your sister. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill. A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less 39. In doing experiments, you must be _______ the precision instruments.

A. more than careful with B. more careful than with C. careful more than with D. with more careful than 40. It is generally believed that teaching is ________ it is a science.

A. as an art much as B. as much an art as C. an art much as D. much as an art as 41. They are such a big family that this new house is not_______ for them to live in.

A. enough large B. too large C. large enough D. so large 42. They gained ________ fat as he expected, and it was all in their belly area.

A. twice as much B. much twice C. twich so much D. as much twice 43. I believe watching TV is ________ listening to radio.

A. so good or better than B. like good or better than C. as good as or better than D. as good as or better 44. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?

A. You have a more beautiful wife than I. B. Of you two, John is more modest.

C. This picture is better than that one. D. Nothing is more pleasant than travelling. 45. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “I_______ think so”? A. seldom B.hardly C. even D. rare 46. It was _______ we had hoped.

A. more a success than B. a success more than C. as much of a success as D. a success as much as 47. He was _________ to tell the truth even to his closest friend. A. too much of a coward B. too much the coward C. a coward enough D. enough of coward

48. Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant to his own subject, __________ extensively outside of it. (1993年1月六级题） A. much more to read B. much less to read C. much less reading D. still more reading 49. I met Tim’s sister yesterday. She is ____ than Tim.

A. much more dancer B. more of a dancer C. more of dancer D. more a dancer

50. Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills_______ each year than automobile accidents. A. more seven times people B. seven times more people C. more people seven times D. people seven times more

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