The Gerund（尉岐讲语法）

The Gerund

动名词是动词的另一种非限定形式。 基本形式：v-ing form

特点：具有动词和名词的性质；它在句子中起名词的作用 用法：可用作主语，表语，宾语，介词宾语或定语 1. 作主语

Smoking is a bad habit. It’s nice talking to you.

注意：在it is no use/good, not any use/ good, useless等后一般用动名词。

2．作表语

My favorite sport is swimming.

注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语。一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般的行为时多用动名词；在表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式： Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous.(指一具体动作)

3．作宾语

I enjoy working with you.

注意：①在suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help，can’t stand,mind, admit, enjoy, appreciate, excuse,forgive,imagine, keep, resist, risk, include, mention, advise, deny, miss, escape, require, delay, practice, consider, feel like, give up，insist on, object to, put off, set about, be worth, look for, get/be used to等动词后用动名词（不能用不定式）

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②在remember, forget, consider, regret, stop, mean, trybegin. Start, intend, continue等动词后，既可以用动名词，也可以用不定式,意义有差别。 remember to do eg: Remerber to tell him about it, remember doing eg: I remember telling you about it. forget to do eg: He forgot to bring his umbrella. forget doing eg: He forgot taking the key.

regret to do遗憾要做 eg: I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. regret doing做了某事而后悔 eg：I regret selling the house. stop to do eg: He stoped to read the book. stop doing eg：Stop talking.

mean to do打算 eg: I mean to visit the place. mean doing意味着

try to do表目的eg: We must try to get everything done in time. try doing 表手段、方法eg:Why not try knocking at the back door? Start to do 表示情况发生变化 eg: suddenly it started to rain.

Starting doing 表示有意识地开始 eg: Then the little girl started singing.

③有时两种结构只有细微的差别，如在like, love, prefer,hate等词后，动名词多表示一般情况，不定式多表示即将发生地事；有时两者可以互换，意思上没有差别。

④need, require, want 当“需要”讲时，其后跟动名词作宾语或不定式的被动式，即主动形式表被动含义。

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The room needs/ requires/wants cleaning. to be cleaned.

4．动名词作介词宾语

He insisted on doing it in that way. I got used to working in the evening. What can you learn by watching such films.

5. 作定语 (说明宾语的功能) He has a reading room. Swimming pool

6. 动名词的逻辑主语 （动名词的复合结构）

动名词的逻辑主语多用一个物主代词或名词所有格表示，可用在：1） 主语前：

My coming there will be helpful.

Their coming to help was a great encourage to us. 2) 表语前：

The trouble is their not having enough room. Our worry is your relying too much on yourself. 3) 宾语前：

Do you mind my reading your paper?

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She forgot my telling her about it. 4）介词的宾语前：

They insisted on my staying there for supper. 他们一定要留我在那儿吃晚饭。

注意：我们也可以用一个名词所有格来构成这种结构，如： I enjoyed Tom’s singing.

They are looking forward to Tom’s coming. 动名词复合结构的一般规律：

①Tom’s (His) coming is what we have expected.（有生命，作主语，用名词或代词所有格）

She didn’t mind Jack (him) coming late. （有生命，作宾语，用名词或代词宾语） They insist on Tom’s (his) staying longer. (有生命，作宾语，用名词或代词所有格) ②逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。 Is there any hope of our team winning the match?

③逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, anything时， 只用普通格。

She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.

动名词的时态和语态 一般式 完成式 主动形式 doing having done 被动形式 being done having been done 动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的

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动作）（a）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作（b）: a. They are all interested in climbing mountains. b. He took a great delight in helping others.

如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，我们通常要用动名词的完成形式：

I regret not having taken her advice. he didn’t mention having met me.

当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时，这动名词一般要用被动形式：

He didn’t mind being left at home. 把他留在家里他并不在意。

He could not bear being made fun of like that. 人家这样开他的玩笑他受不了。

如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式： I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method. 我不记得谁给过我试验这方法的机会。

（但在多数情况下避免使用这一形式，而用一般被动形式代替，以免句子显得累赘）。

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