人教版选修七unit4、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时

想起，考虑

收到……的来信

极想，渴望

多达，胜任

不久前的一天

偶然遇见

说实话

产生影响，起重要作用

突出，伸出

完成；打通（电话）；通过（考试）

参加

完全变干；干透

在夜间

干涸

与……有联系

使光滑

爱上（某人）

结束

减弱，平息

对……进行研究

和……结婚

在困难中，在危急中

支付……费用

建立，创立，安排

挨饿

供养，抚养

增加

喜欢，想要；照顾，照料

过去完成时

过去完成时(past perfect)表示发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个，它表示句子中描述的动作发生在―过去的过去‖。

主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)

① 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.

② 否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.

③ 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?

肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.

否定回答：No,主语+had not .

④ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ ⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词

（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即―过去的过去‖。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。与过去完成时常用的时间状语有：

1. by + 过去的时间点．

2. by the end of + 过去的时间点

3. before/after + 过去的时间点

（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过完。

（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。

（5）过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语

从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。

（6） 状语从句：在时间，条件，原因，方式等状语从句中 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 注意：

如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before

和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

（7）表示意向的动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 ―原本．．．未能．．．‖

（8）过完还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。

(9) It/that/this was/is+the first/ second …times + (that)从句中 Eg. That was/is the first time she had/has been out with him.

It was +一段时间+since从句

It was ten years since he had left China.

典型考题：

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B. were writing, has left

C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

2. John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ each other a couple of times before that. (02 北京春)

A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen

D. have been; had seen; 练习：

1. How long ___each other before they___ married?

A. had they known, got B. have they known, get

C. did they know, were going to get D. do they know, are going to get

2. By the time he was twelve, Edison _____ to make a living by himself.

A. would begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun

3. She _____ Robert for a year.

A. married B. married with C. has been married

D. has been married to

4. When Jack arrived he learned Mary ____ for about an hour.

A. had gone B. had been away

C. had set off D. had left

5. I’ll go with you as soon as I_____ my work.

A. will finish B. shall finish

C. finish D. finished

6. Doctors _____in every part of the world.

A. need B. are needing

C. are needed D. will need

7. We all agree that he was stronger than_________.

A. I looked B. I was looked

C. he looked D. he was looked

8. Great changes _____ in the city, and a lot of factories_______.

A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up

C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up

9. Do you think Sam will call his old teacher as soon as he________ in town?

A. will be arrived B. is arrived

C. arrives D. will arrive

10. That dinner was the most expensive meal we_______________.

A. would have B. have had

C. had never had D. had ever had

11._______got into the room,_____the telephone rang.

A. He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when

C. He had not; that D. Not had he; when

12. Hardly _____ the room ______she left.

A. Had I entered; than B.I had entered; when

C. Had I entered; when D. did I enter; when

13. Tom___ into the house when no one looked.

A. slipped B. had slipped C. has slipped D. slips

现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时由“助动词have/hasbeen+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：

（1）现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。 -Hi, Tracy, you look tired. 你好，特蕾西！你看上去很疲劳。

-I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.我很累。我刷了一整天房子。

They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。

（2）表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。

I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大约一个小时了。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)

She has been working all night long.她工作了一夜。

（3）表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）

We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.我们今年已数次讨论那件事。

I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.我今天同好几个朋友告了别。

（4）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较

A. 现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成，或者在过去曾经发生过的动作；现在完成时往往表示仍将继续下去的动作。 I have written an article.我写了一篇文章。（已完成）

I have been writing an article.我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写）

B.当现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束时，现在完成时强调动作的结果，现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以前持续进行的情景，并带有感色彩。

Now we have cleaned the room; we can move the things in .

现在房子打扫好了，我们可以往里搬东西了。（强调打扫完了的结果）

—You look so tired. What have you been doing?你看起来很累，你干什么了？ —I've been playing football.我踢足球了。（强调不久前踢球的情景）

过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。过去完成进行时由“助动词had+ been+ v-ing”构成。

（1）过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这一时间。这一动作可能己经停止也可能还在进行。

She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉我她己经学习法语5年了。（仍继续）

She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告诉我她己经等我一个钟头了。（不再继续）

He had been studying English before entering the college.他在上大学之前一直在学英语。

（2）表示反复的动作、企图、情绪、最近的情况

You had been giving me everything.你对我真是有求必应。（感激）

I had been studying the meaning of the poem.我一直在研究这首诗。（我还没懂）

1． All the furniture in the building _______ to the company not to his own.

A. is belonged B belongs C. belong D are belonged

2. When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages, but I _______ all except a few words of each. A. spoke, had forgotten B spoke, have forgotten

C had spoken, had forgotten D had spoken, have forgotten

3. -----We would have walked to the station. It was so near.

----- Yes, a taxi _______ at all necessary.

A wasn’t B hadn’t been C wouldn’t be D won’t be

4. I don’t really work here. I _______ until the new secretary arrives.

A just help out B have just helped out C am just helping out D will just help out

5. He _______ his leg when he _______ in a football match.

A broke, played B was breaking, was playing C broke, was playing D was breaking, played

6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _______.

A will arrive B arrives C is going to arrive D is arriving

7. As she _______ newspaper, Granny _______ asleep.

A read, was falling B was reading, fell C was reading , was falling D read, fall

8. ---Do you like the material? ---Yes, it _______ very soft.

A is feeling B felt C feels D is felt

9. ---Come on in, Tom. I want to show you something.

--- Oh, how nice of you! I _______ you _______ to bring me a gift.

A never think, are going B never thought, were going

C didn’t think , were going D hadn’t thought , were going

10. ----You’ve agreed to go, so why aren’t you getting ready?

----But I _______ that you _______ us to start at once.

A don’t realize, want B don’t realize, wanted C haven’t realized, want

D didn’t realize, wanted

11. The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks.

A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned

12. -----_______ the sports meet might be put off.

---- Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A I’ve been told B I’ve told C I’m told D I told

13. ---- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

----Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few minutes.

A have been B had been C was D will be

14. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.

A. had met B have met C met D meet

15. The cost of living _______ by ten percent before the government took any action.

A was going B went up C had gone up D has gone up

16. By the time new pupil _______ enough courage to raise his hand , the bell for the end of the lesson _______.

A had gathered was already ringing B was gathering had already rung

C gathered already rang D would gather would already have rung

17. -----Did you go to Beijing for vacation ?

-----I _______ to go , but I got sick at the last minute.

A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning

18. ------When will they leave ?

------They _______ very soon .

A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave

19. ------Was he studying for an exam ?

------Yes , he's _______ it next week.

A doing B to take C making D to give

20. ------Are there going to be many people at your party today ? ------We hope that _______.

A there will be B there are going C there are D there going to be

21. She must have arrived there last night , _______ she ?

A didn't B haven't C needn't D mustn't

22. _______ the letter , I ran out of the room to the post office.

A Since I have finished writing B No sooner than I had finished writing

C As soon as I finished writing D After I have finished

23. Twelve inches _______ one foot.

A will make B is making C makes D make

24. I _______ going to London next month.

A have thought of B shall think of C am thinking of D will think of

25. He _______ English for six years by the time he takes his examination.

A has studied B studied C will have been studying D had been studying KEY (答案):

1------10: B B A C C B B C B D

11----20: D A A B C A D C B B

21----30: A C C C C B B A A B

31----40: D B C B C B B D B B

41----50: C D B C D D A A A D

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