新闻英语常用的缩略词

以下是新闻英语常用的缩略词（ acronym ）：

1. 1. ABM=anti-ballistic missile （反彈道導彈）（反弹道导弹）

2. 2. AIDS=acquired immune deficiency syndrome （愛滋病）（後天免疫力缺乏症）（爱滋病）（后天免疫力缺乏症）

3. 3.ASEAN=Association of South Asian Nations （東南亞國家聯盟）（東盟） ASEAN=Association of South Asian Nations （东南亚国家联盟）（东盟）

4. 4. CBRC= China Banking Regulatory Commission （中國銀行業監督管理委員會）（中國銀監會）（中国银行业监督管理委员会）（中国银监会）

5. 5. CEPA= Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement （關於建立更緊密經貿關係的安排）（关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排）

6. 6. CIA=Central Intelligence Agency （中英情報局）（中英情报局）

7. 7. CIS=Commonwealth of Independent States （獨立國家聯合體）（獨聯體）（独立国家联合体）（独联体）

8. 8. CISR= China Insurance Regulatory Commission （中國保險監督管理委員會）（中國保監會）（中国保险监督管理委员会）（中国保监会）

9. 9. CNPC=China National Petroleum Corporation （ 中國石油天然氣集團公司；中石油）（ 中国石油天然气集团公司；中石油）

10. 10. CPC=Communist Party of China （中國共產黨）（中国共产党）

11. 11. CPPCC=Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference （全國人民政治協商會議）（全国人民政治协商会议）

12. 12.CSRC=China Securities Regulatory Commission （中國證券監督管理委員會）（中國證監會）（中国证券监督管理委员会）（中国证监会）

13. 13. DJI=Dow-Jones Index （道瓊斯指數）（道琼斯指数）

14. 14. EST=Eastern Standard Time （美國東岸時間）（美國東部標準時間）（美国东岸时间）（美国东部标准时间）

15. 15. FAO=Food and Agriculture Organization （糧食農業組織）（糧農組織）（粮食农业组织）（粮农组织）

16. 16.FBI=Federal Bureau of Investigation （聯邦調查局）（联邦调查局）

17. 17. GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade （美稅及貿易總協定）（美税及贸易总协定） 18. 18. GMT=Greenwich Mean Time （格林威治標準時間）（格林威治标准时间）

19. 19. HKEx ＝ Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Ltd . （香港交易及結算所有限公司；港交所）（香港交易及结算所有限公司；港交所）

20. 20. HKSC=Stock Exchange of Hong Kong/Hong Kong Stock Exchange （香港聯合交易所）（聯交所）（香港联合交易所）（联交所）

21. 21. ICBM=Intercontinental Ballistic Missile （洲際彈道導彈）（洲际弹道导弹） 22. 22. ICJ=International Court of Justice （國際法庭）（国际法庭）

23. 23. ILO=International Labor Organization （國際勞工組織）（国际劳工组织） 24. 24. IMF=International Monetary Fund （國際貨幣基金）（国际货币基金） 25. 25. IMF=International Monetary Fund （國際貨幣基金組織）

26. 26. IOC=International Olympic Committee （國際奧林匹克委員會）（國際奧委會）（国际奥

林匹克委员会）（国际奥委会）

27. 27. IRO=International Refugee Organization （國際難民組織）（国际难民组织） 28. 28. MP=member of parliament （國會議員）（国会议员）

29. 29. NASA=National Aeronautics and Space Administration （美國太空總署）（美國國家宇航局）（美国太空总署）（美国国家宇航局）

30. 30. NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization （北大西洋公組織織）（北大西洋公组织织） 31. 31. NPC=National People's Congress （全國人民代表大會）（全國人大）（全国人民代表大会）（全国人大）

32. 32. OAU=Organization of African Unity （非洲統一組織）（非洲统一组织）

33. 33. OPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries （石油輸出國組織）（歐佩克）（石油输出国组织）（欧佩克）

34. 34. PC=personal computer （個人電腦）（个人电脑）

35. 35. PLA ＝ People's Liberation Army （人民解放軍）（人民解放军）

36. 36. PLO=Palestine Liberation Organization （巴勒斯坦解放組織）（巴解組織）（巴勒斯坦解放组织）（巴解组织）

37. 37. PM=prime minister （首相）（首相）

38. 38. PR=public relations （公共關係）（公共关系）

39. 39. RP=Republic of the Philippines （菲律賓共和國）（菲律宾共和国）

40. 40. SALT=strategic arms limitation talks （限制戰略武器會談）（限制战略武器会谈） 41. 41. SDI=strategic defence initiative （戰略防御措施）（战略防御措施）

42. 42. SEHK = Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Ltd （香港交易及結算所有限公司；港交所） SEHK = Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Ltd （香港交易及结算所有限公司；港交所）

43. 43. SFC=Securities and Futures Commission （證券及期貨事務監察委員會）（證監會）（证券及期货事务监察委员会）（证监会）

44. 44. SFO=Securities and Futures Ordinance （（香港）證券及期貨條例）（香港）证券及期货条例）

45. 45. SNP ＝ China Petroleum & Chemical Co. （中國石油化工股份有限公司；中石化）（中石化股份有限公司；中石化）

46. 46. TP=traffic policeman （交通警察）（交通警察）

47. 47. UFO=unidentified flying object （不明飛行物體）（不明飞行物体）

48. 48. UNESCO=United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization （聯合國教育科學文化組織）（聯合國教科文組織）（联合国教育科学文化组织）（联合国教科文组织） 49. 49. UNGA=United States General Assembly （聯合國大會）（联合国大会）

50. 50. UNICEF=United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund （聯合國兒童基金會）（联合国儿童基金会）

51. 51. UNSC=United Nations Security Council （聯合國安全理事會）（联合国安全理事会） 52. 52. UNTC=United Nations Trusteeship Council （聯合國託管委員會）（联合国托管委员会） 53. 53. VIP=very important person （重要人物）（重要人物）

54. 54. WHO=World Health Organization （世界衛生組織）（世界卫生组织） 55. 55. WHO=World Health Organization （國際衛生組織）（国际卫生组织）

56. 56. WTO=World Trade Organization （世界貿易組織）（世界贸易组织） AQ英文Adversity Quotient的缩写，逆境商数，指一个人处理逆境的能力。

BSS英文Base Station System的缩写，即基站系统，指移动通信中的空中接口部分。 CARM英文Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine的缩写，即中国康复医学会。 CATV英文Cable Television的缩写，即有线电视。

CCEL英文China Certification Committee for Environment Labeling Production的缩写，即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。

CD-ROM英文Compact Disk Read-Only Memory的缩写，即人们常说的光驱。

CGO英文Chief Government Officer的缩写，即首席沟通主管，主要负责与政府机构之间的交流与沟通。

ChinaNET英文China Network的缩写，即中国公用计算机网，它是政府建立的计算机网络之一，与之相对应的有中国教育网等。

CID英文Central Information District的缩写，即中央信息区。

CPA英文Certified Public Accountant的缩写，即注册会计师，指依法取得注册资金会计师证书并接受委托，从事审计和会计咨询、会计服务业务的执业人员。

CSCL英文computer-supported Collaborative Learning的缩写，是一种利用计算机技术(尤其是多媒体网络技术)来辅助和支持的协作学习。

DDN英文Digital Data Network的缩写，即数字数据网。。 DOS英文Disk Opening System的缩写，又称磁盘操作系统。

EPD英文Education for Environment, Population and sustainable Development的缩写，意为环境人口与可持续发展教育，是联合国教科文组织的跨学科项目。

EVA英文Economic Value Added的缩写，即经济增加值，指在扣除产生利润而投资的资本的成本之后所剩下的利润。

FUN新型的家庭生活方式，也就是现代健康家庭的三个要素：F代表健身，U代表团结，N代表营养。 GMAT英文Graduate Management Admission Test的缩写，即管理类专业的研究生入学考试。 GRE英文Graduate Record Examination的缩写，由美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）主办的美国硕士研究生入学资格考试。美国和加拿大的大多数研究生院要求申请者有GRE成绩，作为评定申请者能力的可靠依据。

GSM英文Global Record Examination的缩写，是全球移动通信系统无线系统的一种通讯制式，使用时隙来区分无线信道。起源于欧洲，目前是世界上使用最广泛的一种无线通讯制式。

HDCD英文High Definition Compact Disc的缩写，即高清晰的CD的简称，是当今唱片业制作技术发展的最新、最高科技的代表。

HDTV英文High definition Television的缩写，即高清晰度数字电视。 HTTP英文Hyper Text Transfer Protocol的缩写，即超文本传输协议。

ICP英文Internet Content Provider的缩写，是互联网内容提供商指定为互联网提供实际内容的实体。 ISND英文Integrated Service Digital Network的缩写，即综合业务数字网。1972年CCITT提出这一概念。80年代初实现了用户线数字传输技术人实用化。

ITU英文International Telecommunication Union的缩写，是国际电信联盟国际上的电信标准制定的管理机构，绝大多数的通讯标准都要经过它的认可或制定。其前身是CCITT。 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号

MMS英文Multimedia Messaging Service的缩写，即多媒体信息服务。 MODEM英文Modulator Demodulator的缩写，即调制解调器。

MS英文Mobile Station的缩写，即移动系统终端，也就是通常所说的手机。

MSC英文Mobile Switch Center的缩写，即移动交换中心，指移动通信系统中的交换部分，其功能主要是完成信令和话路交换、移动性管理、漫游管理等。

NMD英文National Missile Defense的缩写，即国家导弹防御计划。 OEM英文Original Equipment Manufacturer的缩写，即原始设备制造商。

OICQ英文Open ICQ的缩写(ICQ为英文I See You的谐音)，简称QQ，是目前流行的一种网上聊天软件。

PDA英文Personal Digital Assistant的缩写，字面意思是“个人数字助理”。 PNTR英文Permanent Normal Trade Relationship的缩写，即永久正常贸易关系。 PSTN英文Public Switch Telephone Network的缩写，是“公用电话交换网”的通俗说法。 TOEFL英文Test of English As a foreign Language的缩写，即“托福”。

TSE英文Test of Spoken English的缩写，即英语口语考试，是美国教育考试服务中心为非英语国家的学生提供的英语口语水平考试，主要测验考生的口语能力。 UPU英文Universal Postal Union的缩写，即万国邮政联盟。 USB英文Universal Serial Bus的缩写，即通用串口总线。

AAAS: 美国艺术和科学研究院，美国科学发展协会

AAMA: American Apparel Manufacturers Association 美国汽车/成衣制造商协会 AATC: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ABB: Activity Based Budgeting ABC: Activity Based Costing ABM: Activity Based Management

ABAP: Advanced Business Application Programming高级商业应用程序设计语言 ABS: Anti-lock Braking System 防抱死刹车系统 AC/DC: Alternating/Direct Current 交流电/直流电 ACE: American Council on Education 美国教育委员会

ACIL: American Council of Independent Laboratories 美国独立实验室委员会 ACV: All Commodity Volume 积累营业额/气垫船Air Cushion Vehicle ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act ADC: Analog to Digital Converter ADC: Automated Data Collection ADE: Automated Data Entry

ADEA: Age Discrimination Employment Act ADP: Automatic Data Processing

ADSL: Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line AESF: American Environmental Science Foundation AFDC: Alternative Fuels Data Center

AFMA: American Fiber Manufacturers Association

AFUP: Alternative Fuels Utilization Program AFV: Alternative Fuel Vehicle AIA: Aerospace Industries Association AIAG: Automotive Industry Action Group AID: Agency for International Development AID: Automatic Identification

AIM: Application Integration Middleware

AIMS: Agile Infrastructure for Manufactured Systems (program) ALE: Atomic Layer Epitaxy AM: Amplitude Modulation

AME: Association for Manufacturing Excellence AMEL: Active Matrix Electroluminescent AMH: Automated Material Handling AMI: Acoustic Microscopy Imaging AMI: American Methanol Institute AML: Anti Monopoly Law

AMLCD: Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display AMOLED: Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode AMPS: American Mobile Phone System AMT: Advanced Manufacturing Technology AMT: The Association for Manufacturing Technology ANN: Artificial Neural Networks ANS: Advanced Networks and Services ANSI: American National Standards Institute ANX: Automotive Network Exchange AOI: Automated Optical Inspection AP: Accounts Payable

APEC: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation API: Application Program Interface

APICS: American Production and Inventory Control Society APO: Advanced Planning and Optimization APQP: Advanced Product Quality Planning APS: Advanced Planning and Scheduling APS: Advanced Planning Systems APS: Active Pixel Sensor

APTA: American Public Transit Association AR: Accounts Receivable ARC: Auto-Refrigerating Cascade

ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASCII: American Standards Code for Information Interchange

ASC-X12: Accreditation Standards Committee (X12) ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASIP: Application Specific Integrated Passive ASM: Array Surface Mount

ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASN: Advanced Shipping Notice ASP: Application Service Provider ASQ: American Society for Quality ASRS: Automated Storage Retrieval Systems ASSP: Application Specific Standard Product ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials ATE: Automated Test Equipment ATR: Automated Trouble Reporting ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATMA: American Textile Machinery Association ATMI: American Textile Manufacturers Institute ATO: Assemble To Order

ATP: Advanced Technology Program ATP: Available To Promise

ATPA: Andean Trade Preferences Act AV: Audio Visual

AXI: Automated X-ray Inspection AVL: Approved Vendor List BAA: Broad Agency Announcement BAM: Bottleneck Allocation Methodology BAPI: Business Application Programming Interface BER: Bit Error Rate BFN: Bye For Now BGA: Ball Grid Array BIC: Best In Class

BiCOMOS: Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor BIOS: Basic Input Output Systems BIST: Built In Self Test BIT: Bilateral Investment Treaty BLS: Bureau of Labor Statistics BM: Buffer Management

BMP: Best Manufacturing Practices BO: Business Object

BOD: Business Object Definition BOGOF: Buy One Get One Free

BOI: Business Object Interface BOH: Balance On Hand BOM: Bill Of Materials BOM: Business Object Model BPR: Business Process Reengineering BTF: Build To Forecast BTO: Build To Order BTS: Build To Stock B2B: Business to Business B2C: Business To Consumer CAA: Clean Air Act

CAB: Change Authorization Board CACM: Central American Common Market CAD: Computer-Aided Design CAE: Computer-Aided Engineering CAFE: Corporate Average Fuel Economy CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate CAIV: Cost As (An) Independent Variable

CALS: Continuous Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support CALS: Commerce At Light Speed CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAM: Customer Asset Management

CAM-I: Consortium for Advanced Manufacturing -- International CAMU: Computerized Assembly Mock Up

CAPOSS: Capacity Planning and Operation Sequence Scheduling CARB: California Air Resources Board CARICOM: Caribbean Common Market

CASA: Computer and Automated Systems Association CASE: Computer-Aided System Engineering CATV: Community Antenna Television (Cable TV) CBD: Commerce Business Daily

CBERA: Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act CBI: Caribbean Basin Initative CBM: Cubic Boron Nitride CBO: Common Business Object CBO: Congressional Budget Office

CBSA: Component Based Solution Assembly CBT: Computer-Based Training CCB: Change Control Board CCD: Charge Couple Device

CCM: Color Changing Material CCR: Central Contractor Registration CD: Compact Disk

CDC: Centers for Disease Control CDE: Common Desktop Environment

CDM: Collaborative Development Management CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access

CEMS: Contract Electronic Manufacturing Services

CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Litigation Act CFAR: Collaboration Forecasting and Replenishment CFC: Chlorofluorocarbon

CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics CFM: Continuous Flow Manufacturing CFTA: Canada Free Trade Agreement CG: Consumer Goods

CGI: Common Gateway Interface CGM: Computer Graphics Metafile

CGMP: Current Good Manufacturing Practices CHF: Critical Heat Flux CI: Compression Ignition CI: Continuous Improvement CID: Charge Injection Device

CIDI: Compression Ignition Direct Injection CIDM: Customer-Integrated Decision Making CINC: Commanders In Chief CIO: Chief Information Officer

CIPE: Compressed Integrated Product Engineering CIS: Contact Image Sensor

CISC: Complex Instruction Set Computer

CISET: Committee on International Science, Engineering and Technology CLASS: Capacity Loading and Operation Sequence Scheduling CLM: Council For Logistics Management CM: Contract Manufacturer CM: Change Management CM: Configuration Management

CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide on Silicon CMRP: Capacitated Material Requirements Planning CNC: Computer Numerical Control CNG: Compressed Natural Gas COA: Continuous Ordering Agreement

COB: Chip On Board

COBRA: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 CAFC: Container on Flat Car CO: Carbon Monoxide COB: Close of Business CO2: Carbon Dioxide COGS: Cost of Goods Sold

COLD: Computer Output To Laser Disk COM: Component Object Model COO: Cost of Ownership

CORBA: Common Object Request Broker Architecture COS: Class of Service

COTS: Commercial Off The Shelf CP: Cost Performance

CPIM: Certified in Production and Inventory Management CPM: Certified Purchasing Manager CPPS: Cost Performance Products Sector CPU: Central Processing Unit CQA: Certified Quality Auditor CQE: Certified Quality Engineer CR: Contrast Radio

CRADA: Cooperative Research and Development Agreement CRAP: Crummy Resource Allocation Process CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check

CRM: Customer Relationship Management CRP: Capacity Requirements Planning CRP: Continuous Replenishment Program CRT: Cathode Ray Tube CRT: Current Reality Tree CSBB: Client Side Browser Based CSI: Customer Satisfaction Index CSP: Chip Scale Packaging CSP: Commerce Service Provider CTE: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion CTE: Committee on Trade and the Environment CTG: Council for Trade in Goods CTO: Configure To Order CTP: Capability To Promise CVD: Chemical Vapor Deposition CVD: Countervailing Duty

DAMA: Design Anywhere Manufacture Anywhere DARPA: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DAQ: Data Acquisition DAS: Deputy Assistant Secretary DAU: Defense Acquisition University DBMS: Database Management System DC: Direct Current DC: Distribution Center DCA: Direct Chip Attach

DCE: Distributed Computing Environment DCOM: Digital Component Object Model DCS: Digital Cellular System DCS: Distributed Control System DDE: Dynamic Data Exchange DEM: Dynamic Enterprise Modeling DES: Distributed Execution System DFA: Design for Assembly

DFAA: Design for Automated Assembly DFAS: Defense Finance and Accounting Service DFB: Distributed Feedback DFD: Design for Disassembly DFE: Design For Environment DFL: Demand Flow Leadership DFM: Demand Flow Management DFM: Demand Flow Manufacturing DFM: Design For Manufacturability DFS: Distributed Factory System DFSC: Design for Supply Chain DFT: Demand Flow Technology DFX: Design For X DI: Disability Insurance DID: Digital Image Decoding

DIN: Deutsches Institut fur Normung (German national standards institute) DISA: Defense Information Systems Agency DLA: Defense Logistics Agency DLL: Dynamic Linking Libraries DMA: Digital Memory Access DMD: Direct Metal Deposition DMI: Digital Migration Interface DNC: Direct Numerical Control

DNS: Domain Name System DOC: Department of Commerce DOD: Department of Defense DOE: Department of Energy DOE: Design of Experiments DOL: Department of Labor

DOLAP: Desktop OnLine Analytical Processing DOS: Department of State DOT: Department of Transportation DP: Design Postponement

DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory DRC: Design Rule Checking

DRP: Distribution Requirements Planning DSB: Dispute Settlement Body DSC: Digital Still Camera DSM: Distributed System Manager

DSMC: Defense Systems Management College DSO: Days Sale Outstanding

DSOM: Distributed System Object Model DSP: Digital Signal Processor

DSRP: Demand Solutions Requirements Planning DSS: Decision Support Systems DTD: Document Type Definition DTP: Distributed Transaction Processing DUT: Device Under Test DVD: Digital Video Disk DW: Data Warehousing

DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing EA: Enterprise Application EAI: External Application Interface EBR: Electronic Batch Record EBXML: Electronic Business XML EC: Electronic Commerce EC: Engineering Change ECC: Error Correction Code

ECM: Engineering Change Management ECN: Electronic Change Notice

ECO: Engineering (or Electronic) Change Order ECR: Efficient Consumer Response ECR: Engineering Change Request

ECRC: Electronic Commerce Resource Center ECU: European Currency Unit EDA: Electronic Document Access EDA: Electronic Design Automation EDA: Engineering Design Aids

EDGAR: Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval EDI: Electronic Data Interchange

EDIFACT: Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport EDM: Electronic Discharge Machine EDM: Electronic Data Management

EDMS: Engineering Document Management Systems EEOC: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EES: Engineering Execution Systems EFI: Electronic Freight Invoice EFT: Electronic Funds Transfer EFTA: European Free Trade Association EIA: Electronic Industrial Alliance EIC: Earned Income Credit EIS: Executive Information System

EISA: Extended Industry Standard Architecture ELV: End of Life Vehicle

EMAS: Eco-Management and Audit Scheme EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI: Early Manufacturing Involvement EMI: Electronic Magnetic Interference EMS: Effective Management Systems EMS: Enhanced Messaging Service EMS: Environmental Management System EMS: Electronic Manufacturing Services EMU: European Monetary Union E&O: Excess and Obsolete EOQ: Economic Order Quantity EPA: Environmental Protection Agency EPA: Equal Pay Act EPACT: Energy Policy Act

EPSCOR: Experimental Program to Stimulate Cooperative Research ERA: Electronic Remittance Advice ERC: Engineering Reseach Center

ERISA: Employment Retirement Income Security Act ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning

ERS: Evaluated Receipt Settlement ESD: Electrostatic Discharge

ESE: Environmentally Sustainable Electronics EST: Environment, Science and Technology ETBE: Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol ETO: Engineer To Order

ETP: Enterprise Transportation Planning EU: European Union EV: Electric Vehicle EVA: Economic Value Added EVM: Earned Value Management EU: European Union

EZ/EC: Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Community FA: Flexible Automation

FAA: Federal Aviation Administration

FACTS: Federal Agencies' Centralized Trial Balances System FAM: Fixture Assisted Manual FAR: Federal Acquisition Regulation FAS: Final Assembly Schedule

FASAB: Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board FAT: File Allocation Table

FBE: Framework Based Environment FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation FCA: Flip Chip Assembly

FCC: Federal Communications Commission FCEV: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle FCP: Finite Capacity Planning FCP: Flip Chip Package FCS: Finite Capacity Scheduling FCS: Foreign Commercial Service FDA: Food and Drug Administration FDI: foreign Direct Investment FDM: Frequency Data Multiplexing FED: Field Emission Display

FEHA: Fair Employment and Housing Act FEM: Finite Elements Method

FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Association FHA: Federal Housing Administration FHWA: Federal Highway Administration FICA: Federal Insurance Contributions Act

FIFO: First In, First Out

FINCEN: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network FIP: Factory Information Protocol FIS: Factory Information System FLSA: Fair Labor Standards Act FM: Frequency Modulation

FME: Failing Manufacturing Enterprise FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis FMLA: Family Medical Leave Act FMS: Financial Management Services FMS: Flexible Manufacturing System FO: Fiberoptic

FOIA: Freedom Of Information Act FP: Finite Planning FPA: Focal Plane Array FPD: Flat Panel Display

FPDS: Fedeal Procurement Data System FPI: Federal Prison Industries FPT: Fine Pitch Technology

FRA: Federal Railroad Administration FROG: Free Roaming On Grid FRT: Future Reality Tree FRU: Field Replaceable Units FSAN: Full Services Access Network FSK: Frequency Shift Keying FSO: Foreign Service Officer FTA: Federal Transit Authority

FTAA: Foreign Trade Area of the Americas FTP: File Transfer Protocol FTTC: Fiber to the Curb FTTH: Fiber to the Home FUD: Fear Uncertainty and Doubt FUTA: Federal Unemployment Tax Act FWPCA: Federal Water Pollution Control Act FYI: For Your Information

GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GaAs: Gallium Arsenide GaN: Gallium Nitride

GAO: General Accounting Office

GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GATS: General Agreement on Trade in Services Gb: Gigabit

Gbs: Gigabit Per Second GDP: Gross Domestic Product GEC: Global Economic Commerce GEM: Generic Equipment Model GEO: Geosynchronous Earth Orbit

GHz: Gigahertz or billions of cycles per second GIF: Graphic Interchange Format GIS: Geographic Information System GIS: Graphical Information System GMP: Good Manufacturing Practices GMROI: Gross Margin Return on Investment GPRS: General Packet Radio Service GPS: Global Positioning System GSA: General Services Administration GSM: Global System Mobile

GSP: Generalized System of Preferences GUI: Graphical User Interface

HASA: Highly Accelerated Stress Audit HBT: Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors HC: Hydrocarbon

HCCD: Horizontal Charge Coupled Device HDB: High Density Printed Board HDD: Hard Disk Drive HDI: High Density Interconnect HE: Harsh Environment

HEA: Harsh Environment Automobile HEC: Hybrid Electric Vehicle HEM: Harsh Environment Military HEMT: High Electron Mobility Transistor HFET: Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor HH: Hand Held

HHS: Department of Health and Human Services

HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HMD: Head Mounted Display HMI: Human Machine Interface HMO: Health Maintenance Organization HOV: High Occupancy Vehicle HP: High Performance

HPCC: High Performance Computing and Communications HPPS: High Performance Product Sector HPV: High Production Volume HR: Human Resources

HRM: Human Resource Management HSM: Hierarchical Storage Manager HTML: Hypertext Markup Language HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol HUD: Heads Up Display

HUD: Department of Housing and Urban Development IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency IC: Integrated Circuit

ICE: Internal Combustion Engine ICSU: International Council For Science ICT: In-Circuit Text

IDB: Inter-American Development Bank

IDEMA: International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association IDIS: Integrated Disbursement and Information System IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force IG: Inspector General

ILEV: Inherently Low Emission Vehicle

IMCS: Inventory Management and Control System IMS: Insulated Metal Substrate IMT: International Mobile Telephone

IMTI: Integrated Manufacturing Technology Initiative

INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences INS: Immigration and Naturalization Service I/O: Input Output IP: Intellectual Property IP: Internet Protocol

IPC: Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits IPPD: Integrated Product and Process Development IPR: Intellectual Property Rights IPS: In-Plan Switching IPT: Integrated Product Team IQR: Inventory Quality Ratio IR: Infrared

IRI: Industrial Research Institute IRM: Integrated Resource Management

IS: Information System

ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network ISO: International Standards Organization ISTEA: Intermodal Surface Transportation Act ISV: Independent Software Vendor

ISWG: Interoperability Service Working Group IT: Information Technology

ITA: Information Technology Agremeement

ITAC: International Telework Association and Council ITER: International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ITRI: Interconnection Technology Research Institute ITRS: International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors ITS: Intelligent Transportation System ITSS: Information Technology Solutions Shop ITU: International Technical Union

JDAM: Joint Direct Attack Munitions Program

JEIDA: Japan Electronic Industry Development Association JESSI: Joint European Submicron Silicon Initiative JIT: Just In Time

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group KBE: Knowledge-Based Engineering KGD: Known Good Die KPI: Key Performance Indicator KW: Kilowatt KWh: Kilowatt Hour LAN: Local Area Network LAP: Large Area Processing LC: Low Cost

LCA: Life Cycle Assessment LCC: Leadless Chip Carrier LCC: Life Cycle Cost LCD: Liquid Crystal Display LCL: Less Than Container Load LCOS: Liquid Crystal On Silicon LCPC: Life Cycle Product Cost LCTV: Liquid Crystal Television LCPC: Life Cycle Product Cost LED: Light Emitting Diode LEO: Low Earth Orbit LEP: Light Emitting Polymer

LEV: Low Emission Vehicle LGA: Land Grid Array LHC: Large Hadron Collider

LMDS: Local Multi-Point Distribution System LNA: Local Noise Amplifier LNG: Liquid Natural Gas LPF: Low Pass Filter LPG: Liquid Propane Gas LSI: Large Scale Integration

LTCC: Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic LTL: Less Than Truckload LVS: Layout Verification Systems

MADE: Manufacturing Automation and Design Exploration (program) MAI: Multilateral Agreement on Investment

MAST: Manufacturing Analyst for Science and Technology MC: Mass Customization

MCC: Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corp. MCIC: Multilayer Ceramic Integrated Circuit MCM: Multi-Chip Module MCP: Multi Chip Package

MCS: Manufacturing Control System MCS: Multiple Constraint Synchronization MEMS: Microelectromechanical Systems MEO: Middle Earth Orbit

MEP: Manufacturing Extension Partnership MES: Manufacturing Execution System

MESA: Manufacturing Execution System Association MHPA: Mental Health Parity Act

MHz: Megahertz or millions of cycles per second MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions MIS: Management Information System

MITI: Ministry of International Trade and Industry MLC: Multi Layer Ceramic MLL: Multi Layer Laminate MMF: Multi Mode Fiber MMI: Man Machine Interface

MMIC: Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit MMS: Materials Management System MOS: Metal Oxide Semiconductor

MOU: Memorandum of Understanding MPS: Master Production Schedule MR: Magneto Resistance

MRA: Mutual Recognition Agreement MRP: Manufacturing Resource Planning MRP: Materials Requirement Planning M&S: Modeling and Simulation MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet MSI: Medium Scale Integration MTBA: Mean Time Between Assists MTBE: Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether MTBF: Mean Time Between Failure MTBI: Mean Time Between Interruption MTO: Make To Order MTS: Make To Stock MTTR: Mean Time To Restore MSC: MacNeil-Schwendler Corp. Muda: \MVP: Modular Variable Pricing

NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement NAM: National Association of Manufacturers

NAPM: National Association of Purchasing Management NAS: National Academy of Sciences

NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NEBS: New Equipment Building Standards NC: Numerical Control

NCMA: National Contract Management Association NCMS: National Center for Manufacturing Sciences NDI: Non Development Item

NEMI: National Electronics Manufacturing Initiative NGO: Non-Governmental Organization

NHTSA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NIFM: National Institute for Flexible Manufacturing NIH: National Institutes of Health

NIIIP: National Industrial Information Infrastructure Protocol NIS: Newly Independent States

NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology NMTA: National Machining and Tooling Association NO: Nitrogen Oxide

NOAA: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration NPI: New Product Introduction NPR: National Performance Review NRC: National Research Council NRC: Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRLA: National Labor Relations Board NSB: National Science Board NSF: National Science Foundation

NSIC: National Storage Industry Consortium NSTC: National Science and Technology Council NTSC: National Television System Committee NTR: Normal Trade Relations OA: Optical Amplifier

OADM: Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer OAG: Open Applications Group

OASIS: Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ODM: Original Design Manufacturer ODM: Original Device Manufacturer ODS: Ozone Depleting Substance OE: Optoelectronics

OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OEE: Original Equipment Effectiveness OEIC: Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer OFPP: Office of Federal Procurement Policy

OIDA: Optoelectronics Industry Development Association OIG: Office of the Inspector General

OLAP: Online Analytical Programs (or Processing) OLE: Open Linking Embedding OLED: Organic Light Emitting Diode OLTP: On Line Transaction Processing OMB: Office of Management and Budget OMG: Object Management Group ONR: Office of Naval Research ONU: Optical Network Unit OOP: Out Of Production OPC: OLE for Process Control OPT: Optimized Production Technology

OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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