武汉理工大学研究生英语考试 必备资料 - 图文

课本翻译

Unit1

1.Studies serve for delight,for ornament and for ability. 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。

2.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in the judgement and disposition of business.

其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

Ornament:装饰 discourse:谈论 disposition:处理

3.For expert men can execute,and perhaps judge of particulars ,one by one ;but the general counsels,and the plots and marshalling of affairs,come best from those that are learned. 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别直接，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。 Counsel:统筹 策划 marshalling:整理 排列

4.To spend too much time in studies is sloth ;to use them too much for ornament ,is affectation ,to make judgement wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar.

Sloth:懒散 the humour of a scholar：学究 affectation :装腔作势 读书费时过多易惰，为财藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究态。

5.They perfect nature ,and are perfected by experience:for natural abilities are like natural plants,that need prunings bt study;and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience.

读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。 too much at large:不着边际

6.Crafty men condemn studies ,simple men admire them,and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use;but that there is a wisdom without them,and above them,won by obvervation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。

Crafty 灵活狡猾 有一技之长 condemn 谴责 鄙夷

7.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse;but to weigh and consider.

读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可职位寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。 Contradict 矛盾反驳 confute 反驳否定 take for granted 认为理所当然 weigh 权衡

8.Some books are to be tasted ,others to be swallowed ,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is, some books are to be read only in parts ;others to be read,but not curiously ;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.

书有浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则需全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。 digest 消化 diligence 勤勉

9.Some books also may be read by deputy ,and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of books;else distilled books are like common distilled water,flashy things.

书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸

馏，淡而无味矣。

Deputy 代理人 distill 蒸馏 flashy 瞬间 淡而无味 俗丽的

10.Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

充实 conference 会议 ready 机智 writing 笔记 exact 准确

11.And therefore ,if a man write little,he had need have a great memory;if he confer little,he had need have a present wit ;and if he read little,he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. cuning 狡猾

因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。

12.Histories make men wise;poets witty; the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密subtile，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重grave，逻辑修辞（rhetoric）学使人善辩contend 13.Nay，there is also no stand or impediment in the wit,but may be wrought out by fit studies;like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercise. Nay 更确切的说 impediment 妨碍 人之才智，但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅。一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。 14.Bowling is good for the stone and reins;shooting for the lungs and breast;gentle walking for the stomach;riding for the head;and the like .

滚球利肾脏，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。

15.So if a man‘s wit be wandering ,let him study the mathematics;for in demonstrations,if his wit be called away never so little,he must begin again.

如精力不集中，可令其读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散则须重演。 Demonstration 示范 展示 never so非常

16.if his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,let him study the schoolmen;for they are cymini sectores.(过分讲究的人)

如不能辨异，可令其读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人，

17.If he be not apt to beat over matters,and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another,let him study the lawyer‘s cases.

So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.

如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。 如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

beat matters over 详细审查食物 defect 缺陷 不足 receipt 收据收条 处方

unit3

1. In my mid-teens,the shiny new mall on the outskirts of my hometown promised my best

friend and me Friday nights and Saturdays full of bright neon logos,the sound of an indoor waterfall ,the scent of chocolate chip cookies and plenty of fabrics to touch and clothes to try on.

在我十五六岁的时候，家乡郊区新开的一家明亮的购物中心，使得我和我最要好的朋友每周五晚上和周六都能看到许多明亮的霓虹灯招牌，听到室内瀑布的水声，闻到巧克力脆片饼干的香味，还可以摸摸各种面料和试穿一些服装。 Outskirt 郊区 scent 气味 fabrics 纤维织物

2. Overshadowed by deadlines,social outings and the desire to just stay home and stare at the

walls I pay to live inside ,shopping for me has become an obligatory chore that steals from my precious not-so-free time.

由于我要做许多在规定时间内必须完成的事情，要外出参加社会活动，以及只想呆在家里，瞪着眼睛看着自己付了钱的居室四壁，购物对我来说就不那么重要了，它已经变成我从宝贵的时间里忙里偷闲不得不做的家务活了。

Overshadowed 使…失色 obligatory 义务的必须的 chore 家庭杂物

3. Savvy retailers have watched the waning attention spans of people like me ,heeded

competition from technology such as the internet and realized the time dearth today‘s families are facing .

精明的零售商们已经看到，一些像我这样对购物越来越没有兴趣的人，也注意到来自因特网这样的科技竞争，并且了解到现代家庭所面临的时间不够用的问题。

Savvy悟性，理解能力 retailer零售商 waning 减弱 heed 注意到 dearth 缺乏

4. The solution?retail environments that appeal to all senses –not just taste,smell and touch ,but

also a sense of well-being ,community and the common sense of many solutions in place. 怎么解决呢？零售环境要迎合各种感觉的需要，不光是味觉，嗅觉和触觉，而且包括康乐感、群体感以及在一个地方就能解决许多问题的那种注重实际的感觉。

Itinerary 旅行计划 entice 诱使，引诱 hectic 忙碌的 antidote 清除不愉快的事情 Curator 馆长负责人 dowdy 单调的不美观的

Unit5

1. They simply aren‘t mature enough-physically or mentally-to put in the extensive training

hours,deal with the stress on their bodies and minds, or cope with the publicity that accompanies athletics.

他们只是尚未足够成熟——生理的和心理的——去投入大量的训练时间，承受生理和心理上的压力，以及去应对随之而来的公众的关注。（随着专业运动而来athletics）

2. There can be no argument that it is fair to ask children to devote the time necessary to master

a sport ,to push their bodies with long hours on the track or in the weight room,or to have a nation watching when they come to bat with the game on the line.

让孩子投入必要的时间来掌握一项运动，让他们在跑道上或举重房里长时间的锻炼，或者是让全国观众观看他们现场直播的棒球比赛，这些都是合理的，此观点毋庸置疑。 3. I know it's cheaper for ESPN to televise the Little League World Series (LLWS) than a Major

League Baseball game,and years ago ,when I first saw the LLWS on telecision ,I thought it was a great thing to do for kids. 我知道EPSN（娱乐体育节目电视网）转播异常LLWS(少年联盟世界棒球锦标赛)比赛的成本要低于转播一场高级职业联赛协会棒球赛，而多年前，当我第一次在电视上看到LLWS的比赛时，我就觉得这样做对孩子影响深远。

4. Make kids sports like the other sports on television and you‘ll have 12-year-olds treating their

teammates the way Terrell Owens and Kobe Bryant do ,treating their bodies like Rafael Palmeiro and Bill Romanowski ,paying more attention to the cameras than to the game, their friends,or their coaches.

如果让孩子们的运动象电视转播的比赛那样，你将会让那些12岁大小的孩子们，如同泰勒欧文斯和科比布莱恩特那样对待他们的队友，如同拉费尔帕莱若何比尔罗曼斯基那样对待他们的身体，他们更关心的是媒体的宣传而非比赛，队友或他们的教练。

Exempt 免除的 scrutiny 仔细的检查 eyebrow 眉毛 manipulate 控制操纵 misgiving担忧

Unit7

1. Since its first appearance in the 1890s,the automobile has embodied deep-seated cultural and

emotional values that have become an integral part of the American Dream.

自从19世纪90年代，汽车第一次出现，他就体现了美国深层的文化和情感价值，而这些正是美国梦想的不可分割的一个部分。Embody呈现 deep-seated深层的

2. It was the vehicle of personal democracy,acting as a social leveling force,granting more and

more people a wide range of personal choices-where to travel ,where to work and live,where to seek personal pleasure and social recreation.

它是个人民主的载体，衡量社会发展的水平，给予更多人更为宽广的个人选择范围——去哪里旅行，去哪里工作和生活，去哪里寻找个人乐趣和社会消遣。Recreation消遣 3. In 1901,Motor World magazine highlighted the subconscious appeal of the motorcar by

alluding to its horse-like qualities:‖To take control of this materialized energy, to draw the reins over this monster with its steel muscles and fiery heart_There is something in the idea which appeals to an almost universal sense,the love of power‖ 在1901年，《世界汽车杂志》通过暗示汽车的类似于马的品质来强调人们下意识地被汽车所吸引——“去支配这种物化的能量，去驾驭这头拥有钢铁肌肉和炙热心脏的怪兽——在这一普通的感受中存在着对动力的爱。”

4. But it was one thing to rhapsodize about the individual freedom offered by the horseless

carriage when there were a few thousand of them spread across the nation;it is quite another matter when there are 200 million of them. rhapsodize vt.狂热的说

但是，在全国只有数千辆汽车时，对这种由无马马车所带来的个人自由的疯狂描述是一回事；当全国有2亿台汽车时，情况就完全不同了。

5. The automobile retains its firm hold over our psyche because it continues to represent a

metaphor for what Americans have always prized:the seductive ideal of private freedom,personal mobility,and empowered spontaneity. psyche灵魂心智 metaphor暗喻 seductive有魅力的性感的 mobility移动性 spontaneity自发性

汽车强烈的控制了我们的心灵，因为它一直代表了美国人引以为荣的引喻：私人空间保密的诱惑，个人自由移动和汽车所赋予的自发行为。

6. An interstate highway is not exactly a path to Walden Pond , nor does a BMW much resemble

Huck‘s raft ,but Americans remain firmly committed to the open road –even if only in our imaginations.

resemble 类似 像 committed to 决心从事 洲际公路的确不是通往瓦尔登湖池塘的路，宝马汽车业不像是哈克贝利的竹筏，即便那仅仅只在于我们的想象之中，但美国人仍坚定的乐忠于开阔的公路。

Unit9

1. Whether it be to isolated beaches,tall mountain peaks,or the bright lights of a big city ,the idea of leaving everyday life behind and getting away from it all is a siren’s song more and more of us find irresistible. Siren 迷人女歌手 汽笛 irresistible 不可抵抗的 一走了之 无论是去远离尘嚣的海滩，直插云霄的高山，还是置身于大都会的璀璨登海之中，把繁琐

的生活抛在脑后，彻底摆脱掉，这些都好似迷人的歌声，让人越来越无法自持。

2. More travelers will certainly lead to some environmental degradation- increased pollution from transportation ,construction pf more facilities to house and entertain these visitors;and like a herd of bulls in a china shop their sheer numbers can sometimes overwhelm a destination‘s carrying capacity. Sheer 完全的十足的 overwhelm vt.压倒淹没

游客量的增加必然会导致环境恶化——来自于交通运输以及旅游接待设施的建造加剧了污染状况，如同莽撞的公牛闯进瓷器店一样，游客数量有时会超出目的地的承受能力。 1. And while nature or ‖eco‖ tourism is generally considered to have a lower impact than mass

tourism –requiring less infrastructure and development –even small scale use can damage the natural resources.

Infrastructure 公共建设基础设施

较之于大众游来说，人们普遍认为自然或生态旅游对环境产生的影响略小一些——因为它对基础设施及当地发展要求不高。

2. Degradation of the corals of the Great Barrier Reef ,deforestation in the Himalayas and

disruption of feeding and breeding patterns of wildlife in Kenya ?a national parks all serve as warnings to the potential dangers of uncontrolled tourism.

Degradation退化 deforestation采伐森林 disruption破坏毁坏 serve as 起…的作用 担任 大堡珊瑚礁的损害，喜马拉雅山森林的人为砍伐和肯尼亚国家公园野生动物喂养模式的破坏给尚不规范的旅游业存在的潜威胁敲响了警钟、

3. Whether people are interested in culture ,relaxation ,adventure or health ,in the end the

motivation is to break out of a routine and achieve some sense of bettering oneself.

不管是对文化的强烈兴趣，还是为了休闲放松，或者体验刺激，追求健康，归根到底，他们的出游冬季都是为了打破常规生活，实现某种意义上的自我完善。

翻译

1

1.Science and science education teaching practices have come under closer scrutiny in the United States.美国对其科学及科学教育教学实践进行了更为周密的调查研究。

2.The educational system in the United States stands apart from the rest of the world.美国的教育体系与世界其他国家的相比可谓独树一帜。

3.Universities must teach in a student-sensitive manner and offer, shopping-mall style，/a great variety of courses that will attract as many students as possible.大学的教学必须要顾及学生的需求，要以购物中心的方式提供多门课程去吸引尽可能多的学生。

4.The difference is small enough to be more than offset by the fact that…在生产率上和欧洲的差距小得足以被抵消掉。

5.A high level of scientific understanding among the general population is connected to expectations of high productivity in the work place.人们期望大众对科学的深刻理解可以带来工作场所的高生产率。

1.公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。 The slogans and characters in the public service messages are more than memorable--they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.

2.大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。

The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student's performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field.

3.美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以帮助我们更好地旅行。 The beautiful campus provide an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.

4.在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。我们有出色的师资和员工。他们致力于求知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。It is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities. You‘ll not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.

5.人们的生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。然而，人们不能在自然中生活而不对其加以改造. People cannot live apart from nature: that is the first principle of the conservationists. And yet, people cannot live in nature without changing it.

6. 世界经济的飞速发展以及经济和科技领域的激烈竞争，对教育提出了强有力的挑战。 Flying development of science and technology worldwide,as well as intensity competition in economic and technological fields have addressed a tough challenge to education.

7. 由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾填埋并提倡包装的循环利用，包装行业目前受到了从未有过的严格监督。The packing industry now finds itself under scrutiny as never before, as tough EU targets are set to reduce landfilling and increase recycling.

8. 中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距，因为必须依赖科技和教育的发展来推进可持续发展战略。There is a gap between China and advanced countries in the area of science and technology, So it must depend on science, technology and education to carry out a sustainable development strategy.

3 Paraphrase1. 1.For a people who profess to love capitalism, Americans can sometimes seem

mightily suspicious of the companies that deliver its benefits.

就一个声称热爱资本主义的民族而言， 美国人有时会显得对给自己带来种种好处的众多公司疑心重重。

1. It has also become the biggest company in the world by revenues, a behemoth that strikes

fear in the hearts of rivals everywhere.

按营业额沃尔玛已成为世界上最大的公司，一个所到之处令对手心惊胆战的庞然大物。 2. Despite its dazzling success, wal-mart did not single-handedly create out-of-town shopping,

or America‘s growing trade imbalance with china.

虽然沃尔玛的成就辉煌， 但人们到市郊购物的做法和美国对中国日益增长的贸易逆差并非由沃尔玛一手造成。

3. Earlier this month, voters in Inglewood, a suburb of Los Angeles, defeated by a hefty

margin a local referendum to allow the building of a big new Wal-mart store.

本月初，在洛杉矶郊区的英格尔伍德镇就是否允许建造一座大型沃尔玛商场举行的当地全民公开投票中。决大多数都投了反对票。

4. Wal-mart, of course, will strive to put that day off as long as possible but, if and when it

comes, it too will be a back-handed tribute to the firm‘s remarkable success.

当然，沃尔玛会不遗余力地推迟这一天的到来，然而，如果那一天真的到来，这也不啻对公司的辉煌成就间接表示敬意。

5

1.Some may argue, depending on whether they pee standing up or sitting down, that this is especially true for man.

汉:一些人认为，这得依照他们是男是女而定，对男人而言尤其如此。

2.There are rules and a crystal clear framework, or paradigm that all the participants and spectators know about. There are never any monkey wrenches thrown into a sport game, like the rules changing mid-game for instance

汉：他有比赛规则和透明清晰的比赛体制，或者是所有和观众知道的比赛模式，在比赛中从来不会有诸如在比赛中途改变规则的唐突变化发生。

3.Children tend to think of things in much more black and white terms, It is only through living and maturing that we realize that all of life is a series of grays. 汉：孩子往往会把世事简单分为是与非两方面。我们也仅仅是在经历了生活的历练以及逐渐变得成熟之后才认识到生活中所有的一切都是是非交错的。

4.Only after the games ends, and depending on if your team won or not, is it decided to be called a fairly tale ending or a tragedy. 汉：只有在比赛结束后，由你喜欢的球队输赢与否来决定这场比赛是一场有如神话传说般圆满结局的喜剧还是一场悲剧。

5． And since our morden lives no longer contain any real physical danger and all our basic needs are immediately taken care of, we now have a void that needs to be filled somehow, our primitive Brain expects it. sports fit the bill. 汉：由于我们现在化的生活不再有任何真正意义的人生危险，并且我们的基本需求都会即刻得到满足，所以现在我们有一种在某种程度上需要填补的空虚，这种空虚的填补是我们大脑的原始部分所企求的，体育运动恰恰能满足大脑原始部分的需求。 1．I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film. 汉：我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。

2． After months of disappointment, his perseverance was finally rewarded. 汉：数月来他经历挫折而不断努力，终于有了收获。

4． Like most married couples they‘ve had their ups and downs, but life is like that. 汉：像大多数的夫妻一样，他俩的婚姻波折迭起，但生活就是这样。 5．Everyone is yearning for the weather to change, after this cold winter. 汉：经过寒冷的冬天，大家渴望天气有所好转。

6．This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children. 汉：这个广告是针对儿童设计的。

7．This riot is only one manifestation of people‘s discontent. 汉：这种骚乱仅仅是人们不满的一种表露而已。

8．Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones. 汉：原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始的工具。 7

1． Use enough petroleum to bath in just to travel to work each and every day. 汉： 每天使用足够的汽油仅仅为了上班或是旅行。

2．They use up scarce resources and they contribute to the perception of inequality and unfairness. 汉：他们消耗稀缺的能源，更加促使人们意识到不平等和不公平。

3．If faster speeds than this are allowed paradoxically overall traffic flows reduce. 汉：如果允许更高的时速，那整个车流的速度就会降低。

4．I do not believe that freedom is a virtue in and of itself.

汉：我并不认为自由本质上就是一种优点，它也不会自行成为一种优点。

5.We are now living in a car culture and there is no way back to the days of the horse. 汉：我们生活在汽车的文化里，无法回到过去用马做交通工具的年代。

1.The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses. 汉：汽车诞生后发展很快，不久就代替了马。

2.We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.

汉：由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削减人拥有汽车的数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。

3.While wheels have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.

汉：汽车轮子给我们带来了更好，更为便利的交通时，它也应对诸如空气污染，交通事故，交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。

4.Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility. 汉：美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出名的。

5.If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.

汉：要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大减少汽车的排放量，那该多好啊。 7.The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay drain-pipes not long ago.

汉：一想到这条林荫大道的建设速度，参观者都感到很吃惊：这条路不久前还在开挖及铺设排水管。

6.A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to in the United States.

汉：在美国，高度发达的公路网使在各地之间来来往往成为可能。

8．Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the production of dirty air.

汉：环境保护注意者严厉谴责了汽车，认为汽车是产生空气污染的主要因素。

9．Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.

汉：由于有便利的公共交通，在大都市的市郊，许多新建的住宅群拔地而起。

10．Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.

汉：尽管非常喜欢汽车， 许多人还是相信广泛地使用公共交通系统能缓解交通拥挤。 9

1. In the mid-to late 1900‘s ,industry associations responded to the growth of environmental

concerns and the rise of ecotourism by instituting certain changes that ,when examined closely ,often amount to promoting minor ,cost saving environmental reforms rather than seriously grappling with the principles and practices of ecotourism .

汉：在十二世纪九十年代中期，针对人们对环保的日益关注以及生态旅游的兴起，旅游组织推行了一定的改革。但记过仔细推敲，这些都只不过是无关痛痒，投入甚微的改革措施，而没有严格按照生态的原则和实验进行操作。

2. Much of what is marketed as ecotourism is simply conventional mass tourism wrapped in a

thin veneer of green.大部分所谓的生态旅游只不过是打着绿色旗号的传统大众旅游。 3．In recent years, there has been a gradual trend for many ecotourists to be less intellectually curious, socially responsible, environmentally concerned and politically aware than in the past. 汉：与以往相比，近些年来生态理由者渐渐少了几分文化好奇心，社会责任感，环保和政治意识也逐渐淡漠。

4． When poorly planned, unregulated and hyped, ecotourism lite, like mass tourism, can bring

only marginal financial benefits but serious environmental and social consequences.

汉：规划欠妥，管理不善，夸大其辞的空乏生态旅游就如同大众旅游，收益甚微。但造成的环境和社会影响却极其恶劣。

5． The travel industry‘s efforts to water down ecotourism, to sell ecotourism lite in exchange for

short-term profits, has led some travel experts to drop the word ecotourism and dismiss the concept as simply a fad.

汉：为了牟取短期利益，旅游产业试图淡化真实生态旅游，而去宣传空乏之物，这一做法使得一些旅游专家放弃了对生态旅游一词的使用，并把其概念当成一种时髦现象而不屑一顾。 Translation

1. Vienna is a unique blend of the historic and the modern, so full of tradition that it can be read

on the face of the city, yet with a forward-looking approach that will surprise the visitor.维也纳是历史和现代的独特融和，城市面貌显示出它弥漫着传统文化，但它的前瞻态度又让游客惊诧。

2． In many countries summer is the traditional vacation season .in the United States, for example

people go off to a resort in mountains or at seashores during the hot months.

在很多国家，夏季是传统的度假季节。以美国为例，人们在炎热的月份外出前往山区或海边的度假胜地。

3． Consisting of Ji‘nan and Jiaodong cuisines, shangdong cuisine, clean pure and not greasy, is

characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness crispness and tenderness.鲁菜有由济南和胶东菜组成，味道清爽，纯正，不油腻，以注重香，鲜，脆，嫩为主要特点。

4． Known as paradise on earth, Hangzhou enjoys pleasant climate and picturesque landscape. 杭州四季气候宜人，风景如画。素有―人间天堂‖之称。

5． Today, at many scenic spots, transportation has been bettered on a large scale; hence

promoting the local tourist industry.如今在许多旅游景点，交通运输在很大程度上已得到改善，从而促进了当地旅游业。

6． China is the homeland of tea. Tea growing in china can be traced back to the period of the

Warring States.中国是茶叶的故乡，中国人种植茶叶的历史可以追溯到战国时期。

7． On the evening of the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members get together to worship the

moon while tasting the moon cakes and enjoying the family harmony. 汉：在中秋之夜，家人团聚，赏月，品月饼，享受着家庭的和睦气氛。

8． These Terra Cotta Warriors are so vivid and true to life. It is amazing that sculpture could have

attained such high artistic level at that time.这些兵马佣造型生动逼真，在当时能达到这样高的雕塑水平，实在让人惊叹。

1.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时 2.Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

3. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; mora

l grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。

4 If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyer' s\\cases. 如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷

5Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅

6and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in by experience.而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

7 Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach

not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之

8 Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted读书时不可存心诘难

作者，不可尽信书上所言

9 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested

书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。

10 some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention少数则须全读,读时须全神贯

注，孜孜不倦。

课后翻译

UNIT 1

1，公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能够引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。 The slogans and characters in the public service ads are more than memorable-they raise a awareness, inspire individuals to take action.

2，大学的最终结果应该由学生在课堂上的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一个特殊领域称职。

The ultimate outcomes of college education should be measured by the student‘s performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of language, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific filed.

3，美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助于我们更好的旅行。 The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.

4，在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。我们有出色的师资和员工。他们致力于求知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。

You are not alone in the journey of knowledge; we have excellent teachers and staffs who are dedicated in the search of knowledge and understanding. They will support and inspire you in the journey.

5，人们的生活离不开自热，只是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。然而，人们不能在自然中生活而不对其加以改造。

People can live apart from nature, that‘s the first principle of the conservationists. And yet people can‘t live in nature without changing it.

6，世界经济飞速发展以及经济和科技领域的激烈战争，对教育提出了强有力的挑战。

Flying development of economy worldwide, as well as intensity competition and technological fields have addressed a tough challenge to education.

7，由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾填埋并提倡包装的循环利用，包装行业目前受到了从未有过的严格监督。

The packing industry now finds itself under scrutiny as never before, as tough EU targets are set to reduce landfill and increase recycling.

8，中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距，因此必须依赖科技和教育的发展来推行可持续发展。

There is a gap between china and advanced countries in the area of science and technology. So it must depend on science, technology and education to carry out a sustainable development strategy.

UNIT 3

有人说这世界是男人的天下，然而，根据市场调查公司NPD的研究，大多数购物和娱乐消费都是由女人做主的。Someone say it’s a man’s world, but women actually make most purchasing and entertainment decisions, according to a study by market research firm NPD.人们早就知道，家人衣着和家庭装饰大多由女人做主，但是这次对美国5.1万个家庭所做的调查却表明，其他一些购买决策行为也存在着令人惊异的性别分野。It’s long been accepted than woman pick out most of the clothes for the family and decide on home furnishings, but this study of 51000 U.S households showed some surprising facets of purchasing decisions broken down by gender.根据调查结果，在挑选电影、餐馆和电视节目的时候，男人也会听从女人的意见。Men defer to woman when it comes to choosing movies, restaurants and television shows, according to the survey.此外，调查数据还表明，由女人说了算的事情还包括在电影院里坐什么位置、上哪儿买食品以及请哪些客人到家里来。The data indicated that woman also decide where to sit in a movie theatre, where to shop for food and which guests come to the family home.实际上，那人只在选购电子产品、买家用轿车以及制定家庭预算等事情上有些发言权。In fact, the only areas where men had any clout involved personal electronics purchase, the family car and setting household budget.主持此次调查的NPD公司首席分析师马歇尔科恩说，购买行为中的性别差异对广告业、传媒业及培训行业来说意义重大。The gender differences in purchasing could have implications for advertising, media and education companies, said NPD chief analyst Marshal Cohen, who spearheaded the research.他说：“管理品牌、推销产品或从事广告工作的人必须密切关注消费者动态的变化。” “Anyone who‘s managing a brand, marketing a product or working for an advertising agency needs to be conscientious in the shifts in consumer dynamics.‖ Cohen said.

UNIT 5

1，我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。

I find it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film. 2，数月来他历经挫折而不断努力，终于有了收获。

After monthly of frustrations and perseverance, he finally achieved a lot. 3，她把她的意思解释得清清楚楚。 She made her meaning crystal clear.

4，像大多数夫妻一样，他俩的婚姻波折迭起，但生活就是这样。 Like most couples they‘ve had their ups and downs, but life is like that.

5，经过寒冷的冬天，大家都渴望天气好转。

Everyone is yearning for the weather to change after this cold weather. 6，这个广告是针对儿童设计的。

This advertisement is designed to appeal to children. 7，这种骚乱仅仅是人们不满的一种表露而已。

This riot is only one manifestation of people‘s discontent. 8，原始人用尖石和兽骨为自己制作原始工具。

Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.

UNIT 7

1，汽车诞生以后发展很快，不久就代替了马。

The automobile was improve very rapidly after it was invented and soon displace horses.

2，由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削减私人拥有汽车的数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。

We may have to cut down the number of privately owed cars and depend on public mass transmit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.

3，汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利的交通时，它也对应诸如空气污染、交通事故、交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。

While wheels have brought with them better and more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion. 4，美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名的。 Americans are note for their love for cars and great job mobility.

5，要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大减少汽车的排放量，那该多好啊。

If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency in technology would radically reduce the emission from automobiles.

6，在美国，高度发达的公路网使在各地之间来来往往成为可能。

A high developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to coast in the United Sates.

7，一想到这条林荫大道的建设速度，参观者感到吃惊：这条路不久前还在开挖及铺设排水管。

The every thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay drain-pipes not long ago. 8，环境保护者严厉的谴责了汽车，认为汽车是产生空气污染的主要因素。

Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the production of dirty air.

9，由于有便利的公共交通，在大都市的市郊，许多新建的住宅群拔地而起。

Many new residential complexes have rise up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.

10，尽管非常喜欢汽车，许多人还是相信广泛地使用公共交通能够缓解交通拥挤。

Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.

作文模板

六级万能作文模板

(I)说明原因型模块

Currently, XX has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX

It is clear that (1). If you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (3).

Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (4).You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).It will exert a profound influence upon (6).With reference to my standpoint, I think (7). 注释:

1:XX的第一个优点 2:支持XX的做法 3:不支持XX的做法 4:XX的第二个优点 5:举例证明优点二

6:说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文:

(I)说明原因型模块(2)

In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on (1).

The factors for (2).First of all, (3).Then, there comes a case that (4). Moreover, (5). Especially when (6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).In this way, we should behave just like (8).

(I)说明原因型模块(4)

For most of us today, (1). From above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as follows.

The primary reason, I think, is (3).Second,(4). The third reason, actually, is (5).The significance for (6)。 Therefore, (7). 注释:

(1)人们针对XX的态度和举措 (2)归纳现状 (3)第一个原因 (4)第二个原因 (5)第三个原因

(6)重申造成现状的最重要原因

(I)说明原因型模块(5)

These days we often hear that (1).It is common that (2). Why does such

circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4). What is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future. [详细信息] (1)提出论题 (2)说明现状 (3)理由一 (4)理由二 (5)理由三

(6)理由三引起的后果 (7)解决方法

写作模板——图表式作文

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped

considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).

What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).

From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will

continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).

写作模板——提纲式作文 1． 对立观点式

A. 有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ B. 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？ C. 我的看法。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument:

There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。

2． 批驳观点式

A．一个错误观点。 B． 我不同意。

Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we

consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。

3． 社会问题(现象)式 A．一个社会问题或者现象 B． 产生的原因

C．对社会和我们生活的影响

D． 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E． 前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).

According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 同上

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..

辩论式议论文模版1

Some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测.

模版2

People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2.

Last but not the least, 论据3.

To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.

模版3

There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.

Unit 1

1. There appear so many phenomenons that A common sense in the science study.

A、defy B、reject C、refuse D、neglect 2. A to secret document is denied to all but few.

A、Access B、Approach C、Contact D、Touch 3. The two most important C in making a cake are flour and sugar.

A、elements B、components C、ingredients D、constituents 4. The government gave a very D explanation of its plans for industrial development.

A、extensive B、widespread C、universal D、comprehensive 5. They committed C crimes to the country and the people.

A、huge B、vast C、immense D、enormous 6. Education is B for all school-age children in many a country.

A、demanded B、compulsory C、requested D、general

7. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, B leading to a successful treatment could come sooner.

A、a distinction B、a breakthrough C、an identification D、an interpretation 8. Many people think that the standards of public A have declined.

A、morality B、rightness C、awareness D、mentality

9. Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full A .

A、capacity B、strength C、length D、possibility

10. These recommendations will need to be B to the committee before they can be implemented.

A、cultivated B、justified C、notified D、informed

答案：AACDC, BBAAB

Unit 3

1. But more significantly, it will A materials and machines into space for industrial purposes unimagined two decades ago when ―sputnik‖ was added to be vocabulary.

A、deliver B、utter C、dedicate D、deduct

2. There are occasions when giving a gift C spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and culture diversity.

A、overtakes B、nourishes C、surpasses D、enforces

3. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of D grouping is advisable.

A、instantaneous B、spontaneous C、rigorous D、homogeneous

4. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to A in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. A、interfere B、incur C、intrude D、initiate 5. It is best not to B on your misfortunes.

A、dull B、dwell C、lodge D、dwarf

6. Although great natural barriers hindered east-west development in Canada, this circumstance was mitigated by the D river and lake systems that provided avenues for the fur trader, missionary soldier, and settler.

A、potent B、multiple C、modify D、mighty

7. The virus B by attaching to a cell and injecting its nucleic acid once inside the cell. A、replicas B、replicates C、repudiate D、requisite

8. Although fats and oils are as nutritionally important as energy sources, medical research indicates that A fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries.

A、saturated B、pervaded C、permeated D、penetrated

9. It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 millions cubic feet of earth and rock, and to plant half a million trees and shrubs, making a A to nature — a romantic nineteenth-century perception of nature.

A、tribute B、attribute C、contribute D、tribune

10. The detective investigating the murder case examined the body, inspected the scene of the crime, and B the weapon for clues.

A、audit B、scrutinized C、scrutiny D、scruple

答案：ACDAB, DBAAB

Unit 5

1. In the Spring Export Commodities Fair the C of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world.

A、string B、procession C、array D、succession

2. We should make a clear A between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.

A、distinction B、discrimination C、deviation D、separation

3. Fortune-tellers are good at making B statements such as ―Your sorrows will change.‖

A、philosophical B、ambiguous C、literal D、invalid

4. Diamonds have little D value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.

A、extinct B、permanent C、surplus D、intrinsic

5. The court considers a final D to be an appropriate way of punishing him.

A、payment B、obligation C、option D、penalty

6. The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an A .

A、illusion B、impression C、image D、illumination

7. We are doing this work in the A of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.

A、context B、contest C、pretext D、texture

8. Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of B at people.

A、glancing B、peering C、gazing D、scanning

9. What the correspondent sent us is an B news report. We can depend on it.

A、evident B、authentic C、ultimate D、immediate

10 .In B times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.

A、prime B、primitive C、primary D、preliminary

答案：CABDD, AABBB

Unit 7

⑴default ⑵combustion ⑶flaunt ⑷bumpy ⑸equivalent ⑹dazzle ⑺prune ⑻ease off ⑼stumble ⑽perceive ⑾fixation ⑿deplete ⒀stance

1. Prejudicing vital foreign policy considerations in order to rescue individuals finds its domestic equivalent in the inflated awards paid to accident and malpractice victims. 2. combustion within the populace slowly built up to the point of revolution. 3. I told the judge that I couldn‘t perceive any difference between the two coins. 4. The airplane was a bit bumpy at times and one or people were sick.

5. They criticized Martin Luther King for his rigid stance on non-violence. 6. The tutor told his students to prune an article of its superfluities.

7. Sir Alexander Fleming stumble on his great discovery of penicillin quite by accident. 8. She won by default , because her opponent refused to play. 9. I always replenish my food supply before it is deplete . 10. With success and prosperity, John was finally able to ease off .

答案：

1. ⑸equivalent 2. ⑵combustion 3. ⑽perceive 4. ⑷bumpy 5. ⒀stance 6. ⑺prune 7. ⑼stumble 8. ⑾default 9. ⑿deplete

10. ⑻ease off

Unit 9

1. The university auditorium can A over three thousand people.

A 、accommodate容纳 B、 accolade C 、accord D 、accredit 2. The doctor C the illness as pneumonia.

A、 dialyses B、 diffuse弥漫 C diagnose诊断 D 、digitalize数字化

3. D of organic foods-----a term whose meaning varies greatly frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious .

A、 Merchants B、 Inspectors 检查员 C、 Consumers D 、、Advocates倡导者 4. Peaches have A skins which are easily bruised挫伤.

A、 delicate 纤细 B 、delectable 美味 C 、dense 致密 D、 desperate 绝望 5. Before the new President took office , he B the men and women who were to serve in his cabinet内阁.

A 、descended B、 designated指定 C 、depressed抑郁 D、 destined 注定 6. In winter especially, it is important for birds to keep warm at night and A precious food reserves.

A conserve保存 B、 watch C、 locate D 、share

7. Joggers who begin running without warming up could D a muscle injury . A、 anticipate B 、invite C 、irritate激怒 D 、sustain遭受

8. Before social inequality can be alleviated缓解 ，its principal causes must be C . A denounced谴责 B、 relieved 如释重负 C 、diagnosed D、 controlled 9. The antique collector must be able to distinguish real antiques from A . A 、fakes B、 fabric织物 C、 fancy花式 D 、fracture骨折

10. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more B of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth‘s crust.

A、 peaks B 、margins边缘 C、 interiors内饰 D、 distances

答案：ACDAB ADCAB

____ _--_-_-- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -：---号---学--- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -：---名 姓线生 --学---- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- ：---级---年--- 封 - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -：---业---专--- -- - -- - -- 密 - - -- ：--）---系---（-院武汉理工大学2008—2009学年第一学期 期末考试试卷 课程名称：《 研究生英语 》 （B）卷 考试形式：闭卷、笔试 题 号 一 二 三 四 总分 得 分 得 分 评阅人 I VOCABULARY （20×0.5=10 points） Directions: Choose the best answer to each question from A, B, C or D, and mark it on the ANSWER SHEET. 1 There appears so many phenomenon that ___ common sense in science study. A defy B reject C refuse D neglect 2 The two most important ___ in making a cake are flour and sugar. A elements B components C ingredients D constituents 3 They commited ___ crimes to the country and the people. A huge B vast C immense D enormous 4 Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ___. A capacity B strength C length D possibility 5 These recommendations will need to be ___ to the committee before they can be implemented. A cultivated B justified C notified D informed 6 Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of ___ grouping is advisable. A instantaneous B spontaneous C rigorous D homogeneous 7 It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to ___ in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. A interfere B incur C intrude D initiate 8 The virus ____ by attaching to a cell and injecting its nucleic acid once inside the cell. A replicas B replicates C repudiate D requisite 9 Although fats and oils are as nutritionally important as energy sources, medical research indicates that ___ fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries. A saturated B prevaded （错） C permeated D penetrated 10 The detective investigation the murder case examined the body, inspected the scene of the crime, and ___ the weapon for clues. A audit B scrutinized C scrutiny （错） D scruple 11 In the Spring Export Commodities Fair, the ___ of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world. A string B procession C array D succession

12 We should make a clear ___ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion. A distinction B discrimination C deviation D seperation 13 Diamonds have little ___ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity. A extinct B permanent C surplus D intrinsic 14 The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an ___. A illusion B impression C image D illumination 15 In ___ times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favourable climate. A prime B primitive C primary D preliminary 16 ___ of organic foods ---a term whose meaning varies greatly frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious. A Merchants B Inspectors C Consumers D Advocates 17 Before the new President took office, he ___ the men and women who were to serve in his cabinet. A descended B designated C depressed D destined 18 In winter especially, it is important for birds to keep warm at night and ___ precious food reserves. A conserve B watch C locate D share 19 Before social inequality can be alleviated its principal causes must be ___. A denounced B relieved C diagnosed D controlled 20 New oceanic crust is formed along one or more ___of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth‘s crust. A peaks B margins C interiors D distances 得 分 评阅人 II READING COMPREHENSION (20×2=40 points) Directions: Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men, according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries （the female reproductive organs） removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress. It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with, says Dr. Yehuda. Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's, she observes, It's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner. Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating. Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but wad determined to finish college. I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck. Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function. 21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs? [A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress. [B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men. [C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress. [D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress. 22. Dr. Yehuda's research suggests that women [A] Need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress. [B] Have limited capacity for tolerating stress. [C] Are more capable of avoiding stress. [D] Are exposed to more stress. 23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be [A] domestic and temporary. [B] irregular and violent. [C] durable and frequent. [D] trivial and random. 24. The sentence I lived from paycheck to paycheck.（Line 6, Para. 5） shows that [A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money. [B] Alvarez's salary barely covered her household expenses. [C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs. [D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check. 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out? [B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference [C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say [D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress Text 2 It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. No longer. The Internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it- is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD） has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor. The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals. This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author （or his employer） to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers. 26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses [A] the background information of journal editing. [B] the publication routine of laboratory reports. [C] the relations of authors with journal publishers. [D] the traditional process of journal publication. 27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report? [A] It criticizes government-funded research. [B] It introduces an effective means of publication. [C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers. [D] It benefits scientific research considerably. 28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that [A] it provides an easier access to scientific results. [B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers. [C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge. [D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research. 29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to [A] cover the cost of its publication. [B] subscribe to the journal publishing it. [C] allow other online journals to use it freely. [D] complete the peer-review before submission. 30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? [A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers. [B] A new mode of publication is emerging. [C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication. [D] Publication is rendered easier by online service. Text 3 The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of \moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who \pain if that might hasten death.\ George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. \intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide.\ On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of \dishonor the period of dying\ The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. \with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,\patient abuse.\that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.\ 31. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that . [A]doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain. [B]it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives. [C]the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide. [D]patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide. 32. Which of the following statements its true according to the text? [A]Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death. [B]Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery. [C]The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed. [D]A doctors medication is no longer justified by his intentions. 33. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is . [A]prolonged medical procedures. [B]inadequate treatment of pain. [C]systematic drug abuse. [D]insufficient hospital care. 34. Which of the following best defines the word \ [A]Bold. [B]Harmful. [C]Careless. [D]Desperate. 35. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they . [A]manage their patients incompetently. [B]give patients more medicine than needed. [C]reduce drug dosages for their patients. [D]prolong the needless suffering of the patients. Text 4 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March,the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock,when prices quadrupled,and 1979-80,when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth,at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere,could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe,taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price,so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were,and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation,a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software,consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that,it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year,compared with $13 in 1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand,oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive,and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that,unlike the rises in the 1970s,it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economists commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%,and in 1979 by almost 30%. 36. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is . [A]global inflation. [B]reduction in supply. [C]fast growth in economy. [D]Iraqs suspension of exports. 37. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if . [A]price of crude rises. [B]commodity prices rise. [C]consumption rises. [D]oil taxes rise. 38. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries . [A]heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive. [B]income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices. [C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed. [D]oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP. 39. We can draw a conclusion from the text that . [A]oil-price shocks are less shocking now.

[B]inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. [C]energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. [D]the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. 40. From the text we can see that the writer seems . [A]optimistic. [B]sensitive. [C]gloomy. [D]scared. 得 分 评阅人 III TRANSLATION (15×2=30points) Direactions: Translate the following English sentences into Chinese ones, and vice versa. Your translations should be clearly written on ANSWER SHEET. 1 To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar. 读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 2 And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. 因此，不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。 3 As it grows, Wal-Mart is also inevitably attracting greater scrutiny from the press, politicians, government officials and trial lawyers, and will have to demonstrate with great consistency that it strictly obeys America‘s (and other countries‘) employment laws. 随着业务的增长，沃尔玛正不可避免的收到新闻记者、政界人士、政府官员和出庭律师更为密切的关注。因此，它将必须证明自己一直遵守美国（及其他国家）的就业法规。 4 Wal-Mart has even been good for its competitors, and so in turn their customers, because its huge success has forced rivals to improve the quality of their services in response to its challenges 沃尔玛甚至对自己的竞争对手带去了好处，同时也就对他们的顾客带去了好处，因为它的巨大成功迫使对手提高服务质量，迎接挑战。 5 Watching sports allows us a temporarily safe and socially acceptable way to be more like our true nature, and our true nature is frighteningly childlike. 观看体育比赛可以使我们以一种暂时安全和社会上可接受的方式来展示我们的真实天性，而我们真实的天性是令人惊讶的天真烂漫。 6 One of the reasons going to a game is more exciting than watching it on TV is that there is a kind of energy created when so many people get together and root for one cause. 在现场观看体育比赛要比在电视上观看更为让人兴奋激动，其原因之一就是当如此多的观众聚集在一起为了同一个目标而加油呐喊时会产生一种力量。 7 Experience has taught many countries around the world what is a safe driving speed, or at least a reasonable compromise between speed and safty. 120 km/h would be my idea for a world-wide upper speed limit for major highways, but most would be better a little lower. 经验告诉世界上很多国家什么才是安全的驾驶速度，或至少是一个速度与安全的平衡点。我觉得对于主要的公路而言，每小时120公里是合理的速度上限，但大多数的公路时速应该更低一些。 8 The travel industry‘s efforts to water down ecotourism, to sell ecotourism lite in exchange for short-term profits, has led some travel exports to drop the word ecotourism and dismiss the concept as simply a fad. 9 由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削减私人拥有汽车的数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。 We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on the public mass transit systems because car pollute and maim or even kill people. 10 大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。 The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student‘s performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge ,acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field. 11 科学杰出之处就在于它能创造人为的可控之物，科学和工程学使我们能够建造我们今天得以生活在其中的部分人工化了的环境，在这个环境里充满了无数大桥、卡车、飞机、抗生素和基因变异物种。 12 国家统计局日前对100对经济学专家进行了调查。多数专家认为上半年经济走势趋好，经济状况较理想。对于下半年的宏观经济走势，超过80%的专家预期会比上半年更好一些。 13 如果一个工程师盲目地应用一个公式、一张图表或一条曲线，而对它的来历、精确度和应用范围却一无所知，那么他所得到的结果既不明智，也不实际。 14 心脏病像其他退行性疾病一样，在出现明显而剧烈的症状前，会潜伏很长一段时间。其实，我国大多数年轻人在20出头时就已经得了心脏病。病情一年年每况愈下，直到最后心脏病不可避免地发作。 15 天气是许多自然因素在对流层中起作用并对其施加影响的结果，其中太阳对地球表面加热不均等和地球自转比较快则是主要的因素。 得 分 评阅人 III WRITING (20 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled ―On Piracy‖ of no less than 150 words. You may base your writing on the following outline: 1．目前盗版的现象比较严重。 2．造成这种现象的原因及危害 3．我们应该怎么做 Useful words and expressions 盗版piracy (n) 盗版产品pirated products 知识产权intellectual products 侵犯版权infringe sb‘s copyright, copyright infringement

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/ytw7.html