张汉熙高级英语课文详解第2册1-5课

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Lesson One

Part One: paragraph 1 --- paragraph 6

1.Lash: v. to move quickly or violently 猛烈冲击、猛打

(1) 暴风雨袭击了海岸的那片树林。 Rainstorm lashed the forest on the coast. (2) 冰雹无情地打下来。 Hail lashed down mercilessly. (3) The waves are lashing the shore.

(4) A rising wind was lashing the rain against the window.

2.pummel/ pommel: n.v. to beat or hit with repeated blows, esp. with the fist 用拳头连续敲打

(1) The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd. (2) 他诱骗那人到角落狠狠揍了他30秒钟。

He trapped the man in a corner and pummeled him ferociously for thirty seconds. 3. Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama 4. California, Las Vegas

5. consult: go to a person or book for information consult sb.: ask sb. for special information, advice consult with sb.: to exchange opinions of sb. 6. Hurricane Betsy: a powerful Hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic Hurricane season which caused enormous damage in the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana. 7. A good: at least, full

(1) 我们足足等了三个小时. We waited for a good three hours.

(2) 昨晚Bill在酒馆里喝得烂醉. Bill had a good drink at the pub last night. (3) It is a good five hours to drive to the railway station. (4) His parents gave him a good beating. 8. We can batten down and ride it out.

A metaphor: compare the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea

We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 9. Batten: to fasten with battens 用压条钉住（或固定）

10. Ride it out: to stay afloat during a storm without much damage.

11. Scud: (of clouds or ships) to move swiftly, glide or skim along easily 疾行、飞驰、掠过 (1) The ship scuds before the wind. (2) White clouds scudded across the sky. 12. Vietnam

(1) A country of southeast Asia (2) Capital: Hanoi (3) The largest city: Ho Chi Minh City (4)

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Population: 84,400,000 (5) the Red River (6) the Mekong River Delta 13. Sit out:

(1) It’s hot indoors. Let’s sit out in the garden. sit sth. out: a. to stay to the end of a performance

b. take no part in (esp. a particular dance)

(2) The play was boring, but we sat it out. (3) I think I will sit out the next dance. Part Two: paragraph 7 --- paragraph 27

1. French door: two adjoining doors that have glass panes from top to bottom and they open in

the middle

2. Fling: to throw violently ；to throw away; (fig.) to do sth. with a lot of enthusiasm and energy. (1) She flung her shoe at the cat.

(2) The youth got him by the front of his shirt and flung him to the ground. (3) How can you fling your wife away? (4) He has flung up studies. (5) She flung herself into her career.

3. shove: push with quick, violent movement. 猛推

(1)人们推推搡搡挤向火车 。People were pushing and shoving toward the train. (2)警察把剧作家推上警车。Police shoved the playwright into a van. (3) The U.S. government shoved up the export prices yesterday. (4) Shove over, friend, and let me sit on the seat beside you.

4. douse: plunge or thrust suddenly into liquid; drench; pour liquid over把? 浸在液体里，

使浸透，拨液体在?上

(1) She likes to douse the fruit in cold water . (2) She doused herself with perfume.

(3) Douse your cigarettes. There is gas in the cellar. (4) 他们把汽油浇在一辆汽车上，然后点火焚烧。 They had doused a car with gasoline and then set it on fire.

5. shudder: vi. n. shake or tremble suddenly and violently, as in orror or extreme disgust (1) He shuddered at the memory. (2) I shudder to think of the consequences.

(3) She gave a great shudder of pleasure from time to time. 6. Inch: n. vt. vi.—move very slowly, carefully, or with difficulty

(1) 她看着他一步步登上楼梯。She watched him inch his way up the stairs. (2) 救护车爬行般驶向机场。The ambulance inched to the airport. (3) Production of steel and crude oil inched upward. 大家网，大家的！ http://www.topsage.com

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(4) He inched the gloves on. (5) The river was rising by inches. (6) The car missed him by inches.

(7) He looked every inch the young professor.

(8) Give him an inch (a mile) and he will take an ell (a yard).

7. skim: to move lightly over a surface, not touching; to throw so as to cause to bounce swiftly and lightly 扔出石块等使掠过（或擦过）；在?上掠过

(1) 那孩子扔出一块扁石削过湖面.The child skimmed the flat stone across a lake. (2) A jetliner appeared to skim buildings in the city. (3) A seagull skimmed the breakers. (4) He just skimmed the headlines.

8. maroon: to leave abandoned, isolated, or helpless使处于孤立无援的境地 (1) He was marooned by mutineers with only a week’s supply of food. (2) Five fishermen were marooned on a rock in a gale. (3) I am temporarily marooned at home by my injured knee.

9. swath: the space or width covered with one cut of a scythe or other mowing device一刈的面积; 刈幅; 狭长的条或地带

(1) A broad swath of sunlight cut the room in half. (2) a swath of grassland cut a (wide) swath:

(1) He was determined to cut a wide swath with the girls. (2) The storm cut a wide swath through the town.

10. snap: a. to (cause to) break with a sudden, sharp crack

(1) Every minute or so I could hear a snap, a crack and a crash as another tree went down. (2) The branch snapped under the weight of the snow.

(3) 我用力拉鞋带，鞋带啪的绷断了。 The lace snapped when I pulled hard at it. b. to move so as to cause a sharp sound like sth. suddenly breaking (1) The door snapped shut behind us.

(2) The dry wood snapped and cracked as it burned. (3) If I hit upon the right name, her fingers snapped. c. to speak or say quickly, usu. in an annoyed way (1) He is always snapping at his child. d. to photograph

(1) Cameramen snapped celebrities while TV men interviewed them. 11. huddle: to (cause to) crowd together, in a group or in a pile (1) Passengers huddled at the entrance gate. 更多精品在大家！ http://www.TopSage.com

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(2) They like to huddle around the blazing fires when it was bitterly cold in the house. (3) She was cold, so huddled up against her sister in bed. Part Three: paragraph 28---paragraph 39

1. strew: vt. (strewed, strewn or strewed): scatter, to spread here and there

(1) They strewed the sawdust on a snow-covered path. =They strewed the snow-covered path with

the sawdust.

(2) Italy was strewn thick with the remains of Roman buildings (3) 他们在园子里播种。 (4) 外交道路上布满挫折。

2. coil: n. v. wind round and round卷, 线圈, 匝, 盘绕, 把...卷成圈 (1) She coiled her hair at the back of her head.

(2) The seaman tripped over a coil of rope and fell into the water. (3) 蛇盘绕在一根树枝上. (4) 她蜷缩在床上看书。

3. shatter: break suddenly into very small pieces (1) 突然寂静被打破了。 (2) 他去世的消息使她震惊。

(3) 那一阵上山的急跑后，我感到筋疲力尽。 (4) The rain shattered at the windowpane. (5) Hopes of reaching an agreement were shattered today. 4. stream: to move in a continuous flowing mass (1) 我们有时会默默对视，任热泪从我们脸上淌下。 (2) 他精通语言，说起话来滔滔不绝。 (3) 阳光正照进我的房间。

(4) Rural residents are streaming to the cities. (5) She came in with a streaming umbrella. (6) Dust streamed out behind the car. 5. rake: n.

v. rake; (fig.) to search or examine in a continuous sweeping manner

(1) Police raked the district for a trace of the missing men. (2) His gaze raked the class, killing the sound in each face. (3) 敌方的探照灯横扫海面。

(4) 他在顶楼翻了一下午，找几张旧时的家庭照。

6. rampage: (about, through) to rush about wildly and angrily 横冲直撞，暴跳(如雷) (1) He could not lie still, but rampaged up and down his bedroom.

(2) Hundreds of youths rampaged through the towns, smashing shop windows and overturning 大家网，大家的！ http://www.topsage.com 更多精品在大家！

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cars.

(3) The escaped elephant was on the rampage for two days. (4) The rioters went on a rampage and vandalized many shops.

7. Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropping more than 28

inches of rain into west Virginia and southern Virginia, causing rampaging floods, huge mountain slides and 111 additional deaths before breaking up over the Atlantic Ocean. 8. Seabee: member of one of the construction battalions in the U.S. Navy that builds naval

aviation bases and shore facilities. 海军修建营成员

Part Four: Translation

１. 整整一周的大雨造成了该地区河流的外溢，许多房屋被毁，许多农田被淹。 ２. 一阵狂风掀走了整个房顶，在劈头盖脸的雨水 中，一家人紧紧地依偎在一起。 ３. 地震发生时，他明显地感到房屋的晃动，听到窗户破碎的声响。

４. 市政府为将到来的艺术节做了周密的准备工作，一些高大的建筑物上挂起了彩灯和彩旗。

５. 骚乱之后，街上到处都是被烧毁的小汽车、石块。

Unit 2 Marrakech Scene1: (Par.1-3) The Burial of the Poor Inhabitants I. Words and Expressions 1. in a cloud: in a large number.

a cloud of: a large number of small things moving through the air as a mass. e.g.: a cloud of insects

2. thread one’s way through/ across:

to pass through by twisting, turning, or weaving in and out 3. pomegranate (n.) : 石榴；石榴树

4. wail: to cry out in a loud, shrill voice, usu. in mourning or lamentation 悲伤地哭号e.g.:

Wailing Wall

The wind wailed through the trees.

5. chant: (n.) : a simple liturgical song in which a string of syllables or words is sung to each

tune(礼拜仪式唱的)单调的歌, 用同一音调唱出的几个音节或字

6. bier: a platform or portable framework on which a coffin or corpse is place棺材板 7. hack (v.) : to cut roughly or clumsily (at) 胡乱砍、劈

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e.g.: After the murderer had killed his victim, he hacked the body to pieces.

He hacked at the branch until it fell to the ground.

8. oblong (adj.): longer than broad；elongated长方形的

9. lumpy (adj.): full of lumps；covered with lumps多块状物的；凹凸不平的 10. hummocky: full of or looking like low, rounded hills布满小丘的；似小圆丘的 11. derelict (adj.): deserted by the owner；abandoned；forsaken无主的；被遗弃的 12. lot (n.): a plot of ground一块地

13. undifferentiated: without clear qualities or distinctive characteristics无区别的 14. prickly (adj.) : full of prickles多刺的

prickly pear : any of a genus of cactus plants having cylindrical or large, flat, oval stem joints

and edible fruits仙人掌果

Prickly heat 痱子

15. bumpy (adj.) : full of bumps；rough；jolting崎岖不平的；颠簸的 II. Paraphrase

1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.

(Par. 2)

The burying--ground is only a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth. It looks like an empty and deserted piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (Par. 3)

All the strong countries build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals.

3. They rise out of earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. (Par. 3)

They are born on this land, then they work hard and suffer from hungry for a few years, and finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. Scene2: (Par.4-7) The Begging of Bread of an Employee I. Words and Expressions

1. gazelle (n.) : any of various small，swift，graceful antelopes瞪羚

2. hindquarter (n.): either of the two hind legs and the adjoining loin of a carcass of veal，beef，

lamb，etc．；the hind part of a four—legged animal(牛、羊、猪等 的)后腿肉；[复](四肢动物的)后躯

3. nibble (v.) : take small, cautious, or gentle bites 小口地咬；谨慎地咬(啃)

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nibble at sth.

4. butt (vt.) : strike or push with the head or horns：ram with the head(用头或角)撞击；顶撞

5. navvy (n.) : a unskilled laborer, as on canals, roads, etc. 劳工；无特殊技术的工人 6. sidle (v.) : move sideways, esp. in a shy or stealthy manner(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走 7. stow (v.) : pack or store away; fill by packing in an orderly way装载; 装进; 收藏 stow things away in the attic

stow clothes into a trunk= stow a trunk with clothes stow-away 偷乘者，藏于飞机/轮船中免费搭乘者

8. municipality n: a city, town. etc. having its own incorporated government for local affairs自治市(或镇) Scene3: (Par.8-15) Living Condition of the Jews I. Words and Expressions

1. ghetto: n. (in certain European cities) a section to which Jews were formerly restricted 犹太人

区

2. Moorish adj.

Moor: (1). A member of a Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent, now living chiefly in northwest Africa.

(2).One of the Muslims who invaded Spain in the 8th century and established a civilization in

Andalusia that lasted until the late 15th century.

3. skull—cap (n.) : a light, closefitting, brimless cap, usually worn indoors(室内戴的)无沿便帽 4. infest: vt. of rats, insects etc. be present in large numbers大批出动、成批出现、大批滋生 e.g.: warehouses infested with rats shark-infested waters

The waterway is infested with pirates.

infestation: n. an infestation of rats

5. booth (n.) : a stall for the sale of goods, as at markets or fairs(市场或集市上的)货摊；摊店，

摊棚

6. prehistoric (adj.): pertaining to ancient times, very old-fashioned老式的；古旧的 7. warp (v.) : become bent or twisted out of shape弯翘、变弯、歪曲 e.g.: The hot sun warped the boards.

His judgment is warped.

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8. start on sth.: to take sth. as one’s profession cf. start to do sth. /doing sth.

9. frenzied (adj.): full of uncontrolled excitement疯狂的，狂乱的

10. clamor (v.): make a loud confused noise or shout；cry out喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹 11. grope (v.): feel or search about blindly, hesitantly, or uncertainly摸索；探索 (1) She groped for her spectacles in her bag.

(2) Throughout the ages men have groped after the meaning of the Universe and their own role in it.

(3) The lecturer paused, groping for the most effective word to express his meaning. (4) They groped their way into the dark theatre.

12. self-contained (adj.): having within oneself or itself all that is necessary；self-sufficient，as a

community自给自足的

13. average:

e.g.: We received 20 letters a day on average.

His school work is well above average.

14. witchcraft (n.) : the power or practices of witches: black magic；sorcery巫术；魔法 II. Paraphrase 1. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (Par. 9) A carpenter sits with his legs crossed and uses a very old-fashioned lathe, giving a round shape quickly to the chair-legs he is making.

2. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. (Par. 10)

Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere, a great number of Jews rushed out, wild excited.

3. Every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury. (Par. 10)

Every one of these poor Jews considered the cigarette as a luxurious thing they could not possibly afford.

4. A good job Hitler wasn’t there. (Par.11)

It was lucky for the Jews that Hitler had not come to this place. If he had, the Jews would have been exterminated as they were in Poland and other Europeans countries. 5. That’s only for show. (Par.14)

That’s only for pretense. The Jews only pretend to work as a poor laborer. He is in reality very rich.

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Scene4: (Par.16-18) Cultivation of Soil

1.conspicuous: adj. attracting attention by being unexpected, unusual, outstanding惹人注目的，

显眼的

2.give sb. a second glance: to pay more attention to sb., look twice to satisfy one’s curiosity 3.Gibraltar (Strait of Gibraltar): Channel, connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. Lying between southernmost Spain and north westernmost Africa, it is 36 mi (58 km) long and narrows to 8 mi (13 km) between Point Marroquí (Spain) and Point Cires (Morocco). It has long been of great strategic and economic importance.

4. Suez (Suez Canal): A ship canal, about 166 km (103 mi) long, traversing the Isthmus of Suez and linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez with the Mediterranean Sea. Location 5. Chances are that : (oral) it is possible e.g.: Chances are that he has heard the news. 6. ones’ eyes take in: see, look at

e.g.：I was too busy taking in the beautiful furniture to notice who was in the room.

Her eyes were taking in nothing but the expensive hats.

7. the Distressed Areas: area where there is widespread unemployment, poverty, e.g., a slum 8. grove: (n.) : orchard果园

9. Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects. Its international character and the tradition of not revealing enlistees’ backgrounds have helped to surround the Foreign Legion with an aura of mystery and romance

10. back—breaking (adj.) : requiring great physical exertion；very tiring费劲的；辛苦的，累

人的

11. lucerne (n.) : a type of plant whose leaves grow in groups of three and which is used

for feeding farm animals紫花苜蓿

12. fodder (n.) : gorse food for cattle，horses，sheep，etc. as cornstalks，hay and straw(牛、马、

羊的)粗饲料；饲草

13. yoke (v.) : put a yoke on；join together；link用轭连起；连合 14. furrow (n.) : a narrow groove made in the ground by a plow沟; 犁沟 15. subsoil (n.) : the layer of soil beneath the surface soil底土，下层土 II. Paraphrase

(1) Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (Par. 16) 更多精品在大家！

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a white skin: synecdoche

However, a white-skinned person is always very noticeable.

(2) In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings. (Par. 16)

If you take a look at the landscape in a tropical region, you will see everything but the human being.

(3) No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (Par. 17)

No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas. (4) For nine-tenth of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (Par. 17) wring: twist, squeeze; eroded: poor

Life is very hard for 90% of the people. They can only produce a little food on the poor soil with their back-busting toil. Scene5: (Par.19-21) Life of Women

1. a file of: a line of people one behind the other

2. mummify: to dry up, to become thin and withered, look like a mummy

3. creep: vi. to move slowly, quietly and carefully, esp. so as not to attract attention爬, 蹑手蹑脚,

蔓延

e.g.: The sight of snake makes my flesh creep.

The thief crept along the corridor.

4. hobble (v.) : go unsteadily，haltingly，etc．蹒跚

5. leathery (adj.) : 1ike leather in appearance or texture. tough and flexible(外观或质地)似皮革

的；坚韧的，粗硬的

6. fifteen-hands: unit of measurement, especially for the height of horses; a hand, the breadth of

the human palm, is now usually taken to be 4 inches.

7. packsaddle: a saddle designed to support the load carried by a pack animal 驮鞍 8. bridle: n. a head harness for guiding a horse; it consists of stall, bit and reins马勒, 缰绳 9. halter: n. a rope, cord, strap, etc. usually with a a headstall, for trying or leading an animal,

with or without a lead rope （缰绳）（马）笼头

10. tip: v.t to pour sth. from one place or container into another 倾覆、倒 11. gut: (usu. Pl.) the bowels; entrails 内脏

have the guts to do sth. 有胆量做某事 II. Paraphrase

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（3）Angevins and Plantagenets: names of ruling Norman dynasties in England (1154-1399). （4）come into one’s own: to receive proper recognition 受到应有的重视

e.g.: 随着T型福特汽车的成功，汽车工业得到了应有的重视。

With the success of the model T Ford, the automobile industry came into its own.

5. pejorative: making or becoming worse; depreciative, derogatorily 贬低的、轻蔑的 6. facetious: lightly joking, esp. at an inappropriate time. e.g.: He was so facetious that he turned everything into a joke. 7. Speak with the vigor of ordinary folk:

--to use the strong language that ordinary people would use in such circumstances 8. Thomas Carlyle(1795-1881): Scottish literary and political writer, historian --Birthplace: Ecclefechan, Scotland

--Best Known As: Author of Heroes and Hero-Worship

--most famous in the Victorian era, known for his dense, houghtful books on history and philosophy

--the victim of a famous misfortune

9. Edict: (n.) : an official public proclamation or order issued by authority；decree法令；命令；布告

10. Immune: immune (adj.) : exempt from or protected against something disagreeable or harmful, resistant to

e.g.: (1) He seems to be immune to criticism.

(2) The criminal was told he would be immune if he helped the police.

11. W.H. Auden (1907--73), British-born American poet

--educated at Oxford

--The1930s had been dubbed “The Age of Auden”when he was deeply affected by Marxism. His works of that period include Poems (1930) and The Orators (1932). --1939, left England and then became an American citizen in 1946.

--In the 1940's he moved away from Marxism and adopted a Christian existential view. 12. ultimatum (n.): a final offer or demand, esp. by one of the parties engaged in negotiations，the

rejection of which usually leads to a break in relations and unilateral action，the use of force etc., final demand, the tiptop, the highest最后通牒

ultimate adj.

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II. Paraphrase

1. “?here will be an old abusing of God’s patience and the King’s English”. (Par. 12) （1）abusing: this word may be used in two senses: 1) take unfair or undue advantage of, trying

(one’s patience) 2) improper or incorrect use of language

（2）God’s patience: God is more patient than any human being. No matter how patient you are,

you won’t be able to bear him, because he will even try God’s patience.

--There will be a great trying of one’s patience and plentiful misuse of the King’s English. 2. After five centuries of growth, of tussling with the French of the Normans and the Angevins and the Plantagenets and at last absorbing it, the conquered in the end conquering the conquerors. English had come royally into its own. （Par. 13）

-- After 500 years of development, after struggling and contending with the French

elements, English survived and became once more the universal language of England. English earned proper recognition and was used by the king.

3. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Par. 14)

(1) Dandelion clock: 蒲公英的绒毛头 (2) Multiply: spread (3) A simile, comparing the English language to the seeds of dandelion. --The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide. 4. Yet there had been something in the remark of the Australia. (Par.15) --What he said was meaningful to a certain degree.

(1) Something : 1 )very important 2) An idea that is quite good and should be considered seriously 3) a little comforting 4) playing a trick, to sth. unpleasant e.g.: You think you are something, don’t you?

There is something in what you say.

It’s something to be home again without an accident. At least, we didn’t lose any money. That’s something?. By the look on her face, I guess Mary is up to something.

5. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. (Par.15)

--There is still a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.

6. There is always a great danger that “Words will harden into things for us.” Words are not

themselves a reality, but only representations of it. (Par. 16)

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--There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. For example, the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal. We mustn’t regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself.

7. The King’s English, ?is a class representation of reality. (Par. 16) --the King’s English only represents the language used by the ruling class. 8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Par. 17)

(1) metaphor, comparing his eager interest in dictionaries to having a love affair. --I have always had an intense and eager interest in dictionaries. Part4: (Par.18-21)

1. sit up: (colloquial) to become suddenly alert

e.g.: We become suddenly alert and interested because the phrase is so vivid . 2. Edward Morgan Forster, (January 1, 1879-June 7, 1970) -- English novelist, short story writer, and essayist.

-- known best for his ironic and well-plotted novels examining class difference and hypocrisy in early 20th-century British society. --“Only connect”

3. Be justified in doing sth.: to have a good or proper reason to do sth. e.g.: (1) I think I am completely justified in asking for her resignation.

(2) The policeman was justified in shooting the criminal in self-defense.

4. salon: a French cultural institution consisting of a weekly social gathering at the private house

of an aristocratic lady, at which social, artistic, and scientific questions are discussed. From the early 17th century to the early 19th, several important literary and philosophical salons provided a social base for French writers.

5. Talk sense: 讲话有理、讲得合情合理 cf. talk nonsense

e.g.: (1) Talk sense and behave yourself. You are not a kid any more.

(2) I wish I could talk some sense into you.

II. Paraphrase

1. Para 18: ? the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. --Alliteration, metaphor.

--To slide on a slippery surface, to lose footing, hence to make a mistake, fall into error: --Even the most ? people don’t use the standard, formal English all the time in their

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conversation.

2. When E. M. Foster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age”, we sit up at the vividness of the phrase.

(1) “the sinister corridor of our age”:

--metaphor, comparing the things we do, the road we travel in this age to a corridor. (2) --In our age people are traveling along a sinister road doing all kinds of evil things. 3. the great minds (Par. 19): synecdoche. people with great minds; the distinguished and eminent

people

4. One would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised the subject? (Par. 21)

（1）Musketeer: the bar friend, the woman

---One would not have thought with interest about the woman who raised the question. 5. The bother about ? and so ruin the conversation. (Par. 21)

---a biting satirical sentence, deriding people who ruin good conversation by trying to talk “sense”. They behave just like chimpanzees which have been taught to talk.

Unit4 Inaugural Address Part1

I.Words and Expressions

1. solemn oath: the presidential oath, traditionally administered by the Chief Justice, is prescribed

in Article II, section 1 of the Constitution of the United States.

--\do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. \

2. forebear (n.) : an ancestor 祖先，祖宗

3. prescribe (v.): to set down as a rule or direction；order；ordain；direct命令；指示；规定，

订立

e.g.: (1) What punishment does the law prescribe for this crime?

(2) What medicine did the doctor prescribe for your illness? (3) 法律规定对这种不法行为从严惩. (4) 条文规定必须由律师拟定此公文。

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4. mortal (adj.)

e.g.: (1) It’s beyond mortal power to bring a dead man back to life.

(2) All things that live are mortal.

(3) He was struck down by a mortal blow upon his head.

5. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe…

at issue: in dispute; to be decided; in disagreement. 有争议的 e.g.: (1) 在那个国家的少数民族的国籍问题上仍有争论。

(2) 争论的焦点是这个行业总的前景.

(3) 意见的分歧之处在于考试对于学生能力的影响程度.

6. the rights of man: \hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that

they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. \

7. temper: vt. to strengthen through experience or hardship 锻炼 e.g.: (1)艰难困苦锻炼了他的革命意志。

(2)经受战斗锻炼的军队

8. discipline: to train, control, subject to discipline 训练 e.g.: (1) It showed that they had been well disciplined.

(2) Students must learn to discipline themselves.

9. undoing: gradual abolishing, the act of bringing to ruin，disgrace or destruction毁灭；破坏 e.g.: (1) It‘s better for the doer to undo what he has done.

(2) That mistake has undone all our good work. (3) What is done can’t be undone.

10. commit: 1) to do sth. illegal and bad; 2) to commit money or resources to sth.—to use it for a

particular purpose; 3) to commit oneself to a course of action or way of life/ or to a person

commitment n.

e.g.: (1) I would advice people to think very carefully about

committing themselves to working Sundays. (2) You don’t have to commit anything on the phone. (3) The company committed its profits to building new

factories.

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(4) He committed the papers to the care of the lawyer. (5) She committed herself to philanthropy. (6) He would not commit himself in any way.

(7) commit an error；commit a crime；commit suicide

11. pledge: to make a formal, usually public, promise that you will do something n. vt.保证, 誓

言

e.g.: (1) 请接受这个戒指作为我们友谊的信物。 (2) 我保证兑现我的诺言。

II.Paraphrase

1. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe… (Par.2)

-- Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world. 2. This much we pledge—and more. (Par. 5) --linking transition from the general to the specific. --This much we promise to do and we promise to do more. Part2

1. Cultural and spiritual origins:

Greek, Roman and Nordic mythology, literature, art, music etc. Christianity. 冯广宜、郭继荣: 西方文化渊源. (M). 西安. 西安交大出版社. 2oo8. 2. at odds: in disagreement, quarrelling 争端、不一致 e.g.: (1) He's always at odds with his father over politics. (2) The horse was running at odds of ten to one. 3. asunder: adv. into parts or pieces

e.g.:（1）Parents and children were driven asunder by the war.

（2）The missile had blown the battleship asunder.

（3）Law and equity are things which god hatch joined, but which man has put asunder. 4.words and expressions for Par. 7

(1) new states: newly independent countries, the third world developing countries (2) ranks of free: the community of free and independent nations

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(3) iron: cruel, merciless (4) end up: 结束,告终、死

e.g.: (1) 如果你不改过自新的话，总有一天你会坐牢的。

(2)挥霍浪费者最后往往负债累累。

(3)连他自己也感到惊讶，最终他竟设计了整辆汽车并把它投入生产。

(4) If you do that, you'll end up with egg on your face. 5. words and expressions for Par. 8

(1) peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe: poor and backward people in Africa and Asia (2) bonds: chains, fetters 镣铐

e.g.: He was in bonds on account of bribery. We are released from the bonds of fate. Roger paid the bill by cashing in some bonds. 6. words, expressions and policies

(1) alliance: (n.) : a close association for a common objective as of nations，political parties，

etc．联盟，联合，同盟. e.g.: 1) 他为发展两国之间的联盟和协作关系做出了巨大贡献.

2) There is an alliance between logic and metaphysics. (2)cast off: to discard；abandon；disown丢弃，摆脱 e.g.: 1) 太阳愈来愈暖和，于是莫利把冬衣搁在一边了。

2) 一定要感激那些遗弃你的人，因为他们教导了你应独立！

(3) the Americas: the American continent 美洲 (4) U.S. Latin American Policies:

--Monroe Doctrine --Dollar Diplomacy --Good Neighbor Policy --Alliance for Progress

7. words and expressions for Par. 10 (1) outpace: to surpass, to exceed

e.g.: 1) At the backdrop of increasing throat-cutting competition in the marketplace, the

company shores up its team with its core value of Team Working, Creditable,

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Enterprising, Hard-Working and Promising to outpace its competitors in China. 2) outfight / outlive / outplay/ outshine / outsell / outvote / outride/ outdo / outweigh / outrun

(2) invective: (n.) a violent verbal attack．strong criticism，insults, curses, etc.; vituperation 抨击；

辱骂，谩骂

e.g.: 1)他期望迎接他的提议的是批评而不是痛骂。

2) He sometimes let loose great invectives against things he hated.

(3) writ: a formal legal document ordering or prohibiting some action命令；律令；文书；传票

e.g.: (1) You shouldn't treat the newspapers as if they were Holy Writ.

(2) The police showed him the writ of search before entering the house.

(4) run: to continue in effect or force II.Paraphrase

1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative adventures. --a host of: a great number of

--United and working together, we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.

2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.

--Metaphor. Compare peaceful revolution of hope to an animal which might fall victim to enemy nations.

--We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution. Part3

1.words and sentences for Par. 11-12

(1) adversary: (n.) : a person who opposes or fights against another; opponent；enemy对手，反对者；敌手，敌方

e.g.: 1) 马丁·路德·金在以非暴力手段寻求平等的过程中树立了许多敌人。

(2) Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned

or accidental self-destruction. --dark: evil, sinister, terrible;

--the dark powers of destruction: the terrible forces of destruction

--unleash: (v.) : release from or as from a leash(解开皮带以)释放, to set free e.g.: 1) 他宣布辞职好似晴天炸雷一般.

2) 立刻走，要不我就放我的狗咬你！

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3) 当她心碎的时候，她能宣泄自己真实的感情。 --engulf: (v.) : swallow up；overwhelm 吞没，淹没，压倒

e.g.: 1)Smoke and flames engulf the upper half of the 56-floor skyscraper.

2)The little boat was engulfed by the waves.

2.words and expressions in Par. 13

(1) present course: present international situation—the cold war and hostile confrontation (2) overburden: v. 使负担过重; n.

e.g.: 1) 对于学生们的过重负担，教育制度比老师应负的责任更大。 (3)Both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of modern weapons: --alarm: worry about --steady spread: proliferation

--the deadly atom: terrible atomic weapons or bombs

(4) Yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hands of mankind’s final war --racing to: trying to change as quickly as possible

--balance of terror: a balance of terrible military power—the power to destroy each other and mankind --stays the hand: synecdoche; the hand—people or nations; preventing people from? --mankind’s final war: a third world war would be mankind’s last war because it will destroy mankind

3. words and expressions for Par. 14-20

(1) civility: n. courtesy, politeness, consideration 礼貌、斯文、端庄 e.g.: 1) Friendship can’t live with ceremony. Nor without civility.

civil adj. 有礼貌的 civilize: v. 文明化, 教化

civil：cf. polite, courteous

e.g.: 1) Try to be civil to her, even if you don't like her.

2) It's not polite to interrupt anyone. 3) Always be courteous to strangers. (2) be subject to: 服从(以...为条件,须经,易受)

e.g.: 1) 如果你为我工作，所有的决定都要经我批准。

2) 你要是同意，我就再试试。 3) 条约经批准后才能生效。

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(3) belabor: vt. to talk about at unnecessary length 唠叨

e.g.: 1) I’m doing my best I can. Don’t belabor me!

2) We need not belabor the obvious point.

(4) formulate (v.) : put together and express (a theory．plan , etc.) in a systematic way系统地阐述

(或提出)(理论、计划等)

e.g.: 1) The contract was formulated in difficult legal language.

2) She could not formulate her ideas in a few words.

(5) invoke: make use of, employ, bring into use, use

e.g.: 1) The government has invoked the Official Secret Act in having the book banned.

2) They invoked help in the desperate situation. 3) He's not intending to invoke the clause.

(6) stars: the universe, the space星空

(7) tap (v.) : draw upon；make use of；explore开发、发掘

e.g.: 1) We shall tap a huge market.

2) The country has many rich resources that have not been tapped. 3) I heard a tap in the window. 4) Don't leave the tap running. (8) heed: vt. (formal) listen, pay close attention to; take careful notice of注意, 留神，留心

e.g.: 1) I‘ll heed your words.

2) Take heed not to spill milk on the rug.

(9) Isaiah: Isaiah (active ca. 740-701 B.C.) was a Hebrew prophet. His Hebrew name, Yeshayhu,

means \

(10) undo: let loose, untie 放下

(11) beachhead(n.) : a position established by invading troops on an enemy shore；a position

gained as a secure starting point for any action；foothold滩头堡，登陆场；立足点

a beachhead of: a small beginning of (12) jungle: deep and widespread

(13) endeavor: (n.)(v.) an earnest attempt or effort努力，尽力 e.g.: 1) Please make every endeavor to be early.

2) They were so bold as to endeavor to baffle the engineer out of his new invention. (14) the strong are just: the big powers do not bully the weak countries

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