中国海商法中英文对照

Maritime Code of The People's Republic of China

Order of the President of the People''s Republic of China No.64

The Maritime Code of the People''s (1992年11月7日第七届全国人民代表大会Republic of China, adopted at the 28th 常务委员会第二十八次会议通过) Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People''s Congress on November 7, 1992, is hereby promulgated and shall enter into force as of July 1, 1993.

President of the People''s Republic of China: Yang Shangkun November 7, 1992

Maritime Code of the People''s Republic of China Contents

目 录 Chapter I General Provisions 第一章 总 则 Chapter II Ships

第二章 船 舶 Section 1 Ownership of Ships 第一节 船舶所有权 Section 2 Mortgage of Ships 第二节 船舶抵押权 Section 3 Maritime Liens 第三节 船舶优先权 Chapter III Crew

第三章 船 员 Section 1 Basic Principles 第一节 一般规定 Section 2 The Master

第二节 船 长

Chapter IV Contract of Carriage of Goods 第四章 海上货物运输合同 by Sea

Section 1 Basic Principles

第一节 一般规定

Section 2 Carrier''s Responsibilities 第二节 承运人的责任 Section 3 Shipper''s Responsibilities 第三节 托运人的责任 Section 4 Transport Documents 第四节 运输单证 Section 5 Delivery of Goods 第五节 货物交付 Section 6 Cancellation of Contract

第六节 合同的解除

Section 7 Special Provisions Regarding 第七节 航次租船合同的特别规定

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Voyage Charter Party

Section 8 Special Provisions Regarding 第八节 多式联运合同的特别规定 Multimodal Transport Contract

Chapter V Contract of Carriage of 第五章 海上旅客运输合同 Passengers by Sea

Chapter VI Charter Parties Section 1 Basic Principles Section 2 Time Charter Party Section 3 Bareboat Charter Party Chapter VII Contract of Sea Towage Chapter VIII Collision of Ships Chapter IX Salvage at Sea Chapter X General Average

第六章 船舶租用合同 第一节 一般规定 第二节 定期租船合同 第三节 光船租赁合同 第七章 海上拖航合同 第八章 船舶碰撞 第九章 海难救助 第十章 共同海损

Chapter XI Limitation of Liability for 第十一章 海事赔偿责任限制 Maritime Claims

Chapter XII Contract of Marine Insurance 第十二章 海上保险合同 Section 1 Basic Principles

第一节 一般规定

Section 2 Conclusion, Termination and 第二节 合同的订立、解除和转让 Assignment of Contract

Section 3 Obligations of the Insured Section 4 Liability of the Insurer

第三节 被保险人的义务 第四节 保险人的责任

Section 5 Loss of or Damage to the 第五节 保险标的的损失和委付 Subject Matter Insured and Abandonment Section 6 Payment of Indemnity Chapter XIII Limitation of Time

第六节 保险赔偿的支付 第十三章 时 效

Chapter XIV Application of Law in 第十四章 涉外关系的法律适用 Relation to Foreignrelated Matters Chapter XV Supplementary Provisions Chapter I General Provisions

第十五章 附 则 第一章 总 则

Article 1 This Code is enacted with a 第一条 为了调整海上运输关系、船舶关系，view to regulating the relations arising 维护当事人各方的合法权益，促进海上运输from maritime transport and those 和经济贸易的发展，制定本法。 pertaining to ships, to securing and protecting the legitimate rights and

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interests of the parties concerned, and to promoting the development of maritime transport, economy and trade.

Article 2 \transport\as 第二条 本法所称海上运输，是指海上货物referred to in this Code means the 运输和海上旅客运输，包括海江之间、江海carriage of goods and passengers by sea, 之间的直达运输。 including the sea-river and river-sea direct transport.

The provisions concerning contracts 本法第四章海上货物运输合同的规定，of carriage of goods by sea as contained 不适用于中华人民共和国港口之间的海上in Chapter IV of this Code shall not be 货物运输。 applicable to the maritime transport of goods between the ports of the People''s Republic of China.

Article 3 \第三条 本法所称船舶，是指海船和其他海Code means sea-going ships and other 上移动式装置，但是用于军事的、政府公务mobile units, but does not include ships 的船舶和20总吨以下的小型船艇除外。 or craft to be used for military or public service purposes, nor small ships of less than 20 tons gross tonnage.

The term \as referred to in the 前款所称船舶，包括船舶属具。 preceding paragraph shall also include ship''s apparel.

Article 4 Maritime transport and towage 第四条 中华人民共和国港口之间的海上运services between the ports of the 输和拖航，由悬挂中华人民共和国国旗的船People''s Republic of China shall be 舶经营。但是，法律、行政法规另有规定的undertaken by ships flying the national 除外。 flag of the People''s Republic of China, except as otherwise provided for by laws or administrative rules and regulations.

No foreign ships may engage in the 非经国务院交通主管部门批准，外国籍maritime transport or towage services 船舶不得经营中华人民共和国港口之间的between the ports of the People''s 海上运输和拖航。 Republic of China unless permitted by the competent authorities of transport and communications under the State Council.

Article 5 Ships are allowed to sail under 第五条 船舶经依法登记取得中华人民共和the national flag of the People''s 国国籍，有权悬挂中华人民共和国国旗航Republic of China after being 行。

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registered, as required by law, and granted the nationality of the People''s Republic of China.

Ships illegally flying the national 船舶非法悬挂中华人民共和国国旗航flag of the People''s Republic of China 行的，由有关机关予以制止，处以罚款。 shall be prohibited and fined by the authorities concerned.

Article 6 All matters pertaining to 第六条 海上运输由国务院交通主管部门统maritime transport shall be 一管理，具体办法由国务院交通主管部门制administered by the competent 定，报国务院批准后施行。 authorities of transport and communications under the State Council. The specific measures governing such administration shall be worked out by such authorities and implemented after being submitted to and approved by the State Council. Chapter II Ships

Section 1 Ownership of Ships

第二章 船 舶 第一节 船舶所有权

Article 7 The ownership of a ship means 第七条 船舶所有权，是指船舶所有人依法the shipowner''s rights to lawfully 对其船舶享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权possess, utilize, profit from and 利。 dispose of the ship in his ownership.

Article 8 With respect to a State-owned 第八条 国家所有的船舶由国家授予具有法ship operated by an enterprise owned by 人资格的全民所有制企业经营管理的，本法the whole people having a legal person 有关船舶所有人的规定适用于该法人。 status granted by the State, the provisions of this Code regarding the shipowner shall apply to that legal person.

Article 9 The acquisition, transference 第九条 船舶所有权的取得、转让和消灭，or extinction of the ownership of a ship 应当向船舶登记机关登记；未经登记的，不shall be registered at the ship 得对抗第三人。船舶所有权的转让，应当签registration authorities; no 订书面合同。 acquisition, transference or extinction of the ship''s ownership shall act against a third party unless registered. The transference of the ownership of a ship shall be made by a contract in writing.

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Article 10 Where a ship is jointly owned 第十条 船舶由两个以上的法人或者个人共by two or more legal persons or 有的，应当向船舶登记机关登记；未经登记individuals, the joint ownership 的，不得对抗第三人。 thereof shall be registered at the ship registration authorities. The joint ownership of the ship shall not act against a third party unless registered. Section 2 Mortgage of Ships

第二节 船舶抵押权

Article 11 The right of mortgage with 第十一条 船舶抵押权，是指抵押权人对于respect to a ship is the right of 抵押人提供的作为债务担保的船舶，在抵押preferred compensation enjoyed by the 人不履行债务时，可以依法拍卖，从卖得的mortgagee of that ship from the proceeds 价款中优先受偿的权利。 of the auction sale made in accordance with law where and when the mortgagor fails to pay his debt to the mortgagee secured by the mortgage of that ship.

Article 12 The owner of a ship or those 第十二条 船舶所有人或者船舶所有人授权authorized thereby may establish the 的人可以设定船舶抵押权。 mortgage of the ship.

The mortgage of a ship shall be 船舶抵押权的设定，应当签订书面合established by a contract in writing. 同。

Article 13 The mortgage of a ship shall 第十三条 设定船舶抵押权，由抵押权人和be established by registering the 抵押人共同向船舶登记机关办理抵押权登mortgage of the ship with the ship 记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。 registration authorities jointly by the mortgagee and the mortgagor. No mortgage may act against a third party unless registered.

The main items for the registration 船舶抵押权登记，包括下列主要项目： of the mortgage of a ship shall be:

(1) Name or designation and address of （一）船舶抵押权人和抵押人的姓名或the mortgagee and the name or 者名称、地址； designation and address of the mortgagor of the ship;

(2) Name and nationality of the （二）被抵押船舶的名称、国籍、船舶mortgaged ship and the authorities that 所有权证书的颁发机关和证书号码； issued the certificate of ownership and the certificate number thereof;

(3) Amount of debt secured, the interest （三）所担保的债权数额、利息率、受rate and the period for the repayment of 偿期限。

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the debt.

Information about the registration 船舶抵押权的登记状况，允许公众查of mortgage of ships shall be accessible 询。 to the public for enquiry.

Article 14 Mortgage may be established 第十四条 建造中的船舶可以设定船舶抵押on a ship under construction. 权。 In registering the mortgage of a 建造中的船舶办理抵押权登记，还应当ship under construction, the building 向船舶登记机关提交船舶建造合同。 contract of the ship shall as well be submitted to the ship registration authorities.

Article 15 The mortgaged ship shall be 第十五条 除合同另有约定外，抵押人应当insured by the mortgagor unless the 对被抵押船舶进行保险；未保险的，抵押权contract provides otherwise. In case the 人有权对该船舶进行保险，保险费由抵押人ship is not insured, the mortgagee has 负担。 the right to place the ship under insurance coverage and the mortgagor shall pay for the premium thereof.

Article 16 The establishment of mortgage 第十六条 船舶共有人就共有船舶设定抵押by the joint owners of a ship shall, 权，应当取得持有三分之二以上份额的共有unless otherwise agreed upon among the 人的同意，共有人之间另有约定的除外。 joint owners, be subject to the agreement of those joint owners who have more than two-thirds of the shares thereof.

The mortgage established by the 船舶共有人设定的抵押权，不因船舶的joint owners of a ship shall not be 共有权的分割而受影响。 affected by virtue of the division of ownership thereof.

Article 17 Once a mortgage is 第十七条 船舶抵押权设定后，未经抵押权established on a ship, the ownership of 人同意，抵押人不得将被抵押船舶转让给他the mortgaged ship shall not be 人。 transferred without the consent of the mortgagee.

Article 18 In case the mortgagee has 第十八条 抵押权人将被抵押舶舶所担保的transferred all or part of his right to 债权全部或者部分转让他人的，抵押权随之debt secured by the mortgaged ship to 转移。 another person, the mortgage shall be transferred accordingly.

Article 19 Two or more mortgages may be 第十九条 同一船舶可以设定两个以上抵押

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established on the same ship. The 权，其顺序以登记的先后为准。 ranking of the mortgages shall be determined according to the dates of their respective registrations.

In case two or more mortgages are 同一船舶设定两个以上抵押权的，抵押established, the mortgagees shall be 权人按照抵押权登记的先后顺序，从船舶拍paid out of the proceeds of the auction 卖所得价款中依次受偿。同日登记的抵押sale of the ship in the order of 权，按照同一顺序受偿。 registration of their respective mortgages. The mortgages registered on the same date shall rank equally for payment.

Article 20 The mortgages shall be 第二十条 被低押船舶灭失，抵押权随之消extinguished when the mortgaged ship is 灭。由于船舶灭失得到的保险赔偿，抵押权lost. With respect to the compensation 人有权优先于其他债权人受偿。 paid from the insurance coverage on account of the loss of the ship, the mortgagee shall be entitled to enjoy priority in compensation over other creditors.

Section 3 Maritime Liens

第三节 船舶优先权

Article 21 A maritime lien is the right 第二十一条 船舶优先权，是指海事请求人of the claimant, subject to the 依照本法第二十二条的规定，向船舶所有provisions of Article 22 of this Code, 人、光船承租人、船舶经营人提出海事请求，to take priority in compensation against 对产生该海事请求的船舶具有优先受偿的shipowners, bareboat charterers or ship 权利。 operators with respect to the ship which gave rise to the said claim.

Article 22 The following maritime claims 第二十二条 下列各项海事情求具有船舶优shall be entitled to maritime liens: 先权：

(1) Payment claims for wages, other （一）船长、船员和在船上工作的其他remuneration, crew repatriation and 在编人员根据劳动法律、行政法规或者劳动social insurance costs made by the 合同所产生的工资、其他劳动报酬、船员遣Master, crew members and other members 返费用和社会保险费用的给付请求； of the complement in accordance with the relevant labour laws, administrative rules and regulations or labour contracts;

(2) Claims in respect of loss of life or （二）在船舶营运中发生的人身伤亡的personal injury occurred in the 赔偿请求； operation of the ship;

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(3) Payment claims for ship''s tonnage （三）船舶吨税、引航费、港务费和其dues, pilotage dues, harbour dues and 他港口规费的缴付请求； other port charges;

(4) Payment claims for salvage payment; （四）海难救助的救助款项的给付请求； (5) Compensation claims for loss of or （五）船舶在营运中因侵权行为产生的damage to property resulting from 财产赔偿请求。 tortious act in the course of the operation of the ship.

Compensation claims for oil 载运2000吨以上的散装货油的船舶，pollution damage caused by a ship 持有有效的证书，证明已经进行油污损害民carrying more than 2,000 tons of oil in 事责任保险或者具有相应的财务保证的，对bulk as cargo that has a valid 其造成的油污损害的赔偿请求，不属于前款certificate attesting that the ship has 第（五）项规定的范围。 oil pollution liability insurance coverage or other appropriate financial security are not within the scope of sub-paragraph (5) of the preceding paragraph.

Article 23 The maritime claims set out 第二十三条 本法第二十二条第一款所列各in paragraph 1 of Article 22 shall be 项海事请求，依照顺序受偿。但是，第（四）satisfied in the order listed. However, 项海事请求，后于第（一）项至第（三）项any of the maritime claims set out in 发生的，应当先于第（一）项至第（三）项sub-paragraph(4) arising later than 受偿。 those under sub-paragraph (1) through (3) shall have priority over those under sub-paragraph (1) through (3).

In case there are more than two 本法第二十二条第一款第（一）、（二）、maritime claims under sub-paragraphs （三）、（五）项中有两个以上海事请求的，(1),(2),(3) or (5) of paragraph 1 of 不分先后，同时受偿；不足受偿的，按照比Article 22, they shall be satisfied at 例受偿。第（四）项中有两个以上海事请求the same time regardless of their 的，后发生的先受偿。 respective occurrences; where they could not be paid in full, they shall be paid in proportion. Should there be more than two maritime claims under subparagraph (4), those arising later shall be satisfied first.

Article 24 The legal costs for enforcing 第二十四条 因行使船舶优先权产生的诉讼the maritime liens, the expenses for 费用，保存、拍卖船舶和分配船舶价款产生preserving and selling the ship, the 的费用，以及为海事请求人的共同利益而支expenses for distribution of the 付的其他费用，应当从船舶拍卖所得价款中

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proceeds of sale and other expenses 先行拨付。 incurred for the common interests of the claimants, shall be deducted and paid first from the proceeds of the auction sale of the ship.

Article 25 A maritime lien shall have 第二十五条 船舶优先权先于船舶留置权受priority over a possessory lien, and a 偿，船舶抵押权后于船舶留置权受偿。 possessory lien shall have priority over ship mortgage.

The possessory lien referred to in 前款所称船舶留置权，是指造船人、修the preceding paragraph means the right 船人在合同另一方未履行合同时，可以留置of the ship builder or repairer to secure 所占有的船舶，以保证造船费用或者修船费the building or repairing cost of the 用得以偿还的权利。船舶留置权在造船人、ship by means of detaining the ship in 修船人不再占有所造或者所修的船舶时消his possession when the other party to 灭。 the contract fails in the performance thereof. The possessory lien shall be extinguished when the ship builder or repairer no longer possesses the ship he has built or repaired.

Article 26 Maritime liens shall not be 第二十六条 船舶优先权不因船舶所有权的extinguished by virtue of the transfer 转让而消灭。但是，船舶转让时，船舶优先of the ownership of the ship, except 权自法院应受让人申请予以公告之日起满those that have not been enforced within 六十日不行使的除外。 60 days of a public notice on the transfer of the ownership of the ship made by a court at the request of the transferee when the transfer was effected.

Article 27 In case the maritime claims 第二十七条 本法第二十二条规定的海事请provided for in Article 22 of this Code 求权转移的，其船舶优先权随之转移。 are transferred, the maritime liens attached thereto shall be transferred accordingly.

Article 28 A maritime lien shall be 第二十八条 船舶优先权应当通过法院扣押enforced by the court by arresting the 产生优先权的船舶行使。 ship that gave rise to the said maritime lien.

Article 29 A maritime lien shall, except 第二十九条 船舶优先权，除本法第二十六as provided for in Article 26 of this 条规定的外，因下列原因之一而消灭： Code, be extinguished under one of the

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following circumstances:

(1) The maritime claim attached by a （一）具有船舶优先权的海事请求，自maritime lien has not been enforced 优先权产生之日起满一年不行使； within one year of the existence of such maritime lien;

(2) The ship in question has been the （二）船舶经法院强制出售； subject of a forced sale by the court; (3) The ship has been lost.

（三）船舶灭失。

The period of one year specified in 前款第（一）项的一年期限，不得中止sub-paragraph (1) of the preceding 或者中断。 paragraph shall not be suspended or interrupted.

Article 30 The provisions of this 第三十条 本节规定不影响本法第十一章关Section shall not affect the 于海事赔偿责任限制规定的实施。 implementation of the limitation of liability for maritime claims provided for in Chapter XI of this Code. Chapter III Crew

Section 1 Basic Principles

第三章 船 员 第一节 一般规定

Article 31 The term \means the 第三十一条 船员，是指包括船长在内的船entire complement of the ship, including 上一切任职人员。 the Master.

Article 32 The Master, deck officers, 第三十二条 船长、驾驶员、轮机长、轮机chief engineer, engineers, electrical 员、电机员、报务员，必须由持有相应适任engineer and radio operator must be 证书的人担任。 those in possession of appropriate certificates of competency.

Article 33 Chinese \engaged in 第三十三条 从事国际航行的船舶的中国籍international voyages must possess 船员，必须持有中华人民共和国港务监督机Seaman''s Book and other relevant 构颁发的海员证和有关证书。 certificates issued by the harbour superintendency authorities of the People''s Republic of China.

Article 34 In the absence of specific 第三十四条 船员的任用和劳动方面的权stipulations in this Code as regards the 利、义务，本法没有规定的，适用有关法律、employment of the crew as well as their 行政法规的规定。 labour-related rights and obligations, the provisions of the relevant laws and administrative rules and regulations

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shall apply.

Section 2 The Master

第二节 船 长

Article 35 The Master shall be 第三十五条 船长负责船舶的管理和驾驶。 responsible for the management and navigation of the ship.

Orders given by the Master within 船长在其职权范围内发布的命令，船the scope of his functions and powers 员、旅客和其他在船人员都必须执行。 must be carried out by other members of the crew, the passengers and all persons on board.

The Master shall take necessary 船长应当采取必要的措施，保护船舶和measures to protect the ship and all 在船人员、文件、邮件、货物以及其他财产。 persons on board, the documents, postal matters, the goods as well as other property carried.

Article 36 To ensure the safety of the 第三十六条 为保障在船人员和船舶的安ship and all persons on board, the Master 全，船长有权对在船上进行违法、犯罪活动shall be entitled to confine or take 的人采取禁闭或者其他必要措施，并防止其other necessary measures against those 隐匿、毁灭、伪造证据。 who have committed crimes or violated laws or regulations on board, and to guard against their concealment, destruction or forging of evidence.

The Master, having taken actions as 船长采取前款措施，应当制作案情报告referred to in the preceding paragraph 书，由船长和两名以上在船人员签字，连同of this Article, shall make a written 人犯送交有关当局处理。 report of the case, which shall bear the signature of the Master himself and those of two or more others on board, and shall be handed over, together with the offender, to the authorities concerned for disposition.

Article 37 The Master shall make entries 第三十七条 船长应当将船上发生的出生或in the log book of any occurrence of 者死亡事件记入航海日志，并在两名证人的birth or death on board and shall issue 参加下制作证明书。死亡证明书应当附有死a certificate to that effect in the 者遗物清单。死者有遗嘱的，船长应当予以presence of two witnesses. The death 证明。死亡证明书和遗嘱由船长负责保管，certificate shall be attached with a 并送交家属或者有关方面。 list of personal belongings of the deceased, and attestation shall be given by the Master to the will, if any, of the

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deceased. Both the death certificate and the will shall be taken into safe keeping by the Master and handed over to the family members of the deceased or the organizations concerned.

Article 38 Where a sea casualty has 第三十八条 船舶发生海上事故，危及在船occurred to a ship and the life and 人员和财产的安全时，船长应当组织船员和property on board have thus been 其他在船人员尽力施救。在船舶的沉没、毁threatened, the Master shall, with crew 灭不可避免的情况下，船长可以作出弃船决members and other persons on board under 定；但是，除紧急情况外，应当报经船舶所his command, make best efforts to run to 有人同意。 the rescue. Should the foundering and loss of the ship have become inevitable, the Master may decide to abandon the ship. However, such abandonment shall be reported to the shipowner for approval except in case of emergency.

Upon abandoning the ship, the Master 弃船时，船长必须采取一切措拖，首先must take all measures first to evacuate 组织旅客安全离船，然后安排船员离船，船the passengers safely from the ship in 长应当最后离船。在离船前，船长应当指挥an orderly way, then make arrangements 船员尽力抢救航海日志、机舱日志、油类记for crew members to evacuate, while the 录簿、无线电台日志、本航次使用过的海图Master shall be the last to evacuate. 和文件，以及贵重物品、邮件和现金。 Before leaving the ship, the Master shall direct the crew members to do their utmost to rescue the deck log book, the engine log book, the oil record book, the radio log book, the charts, documents and papers used in the current voyage, as well as valuables, postal matters and cash money.

Article 39 The duty of the Master in the 第三十九条 船长管理船舶和驾驶船舶的责management and navigation of the ship 任，不因引航员引领船舶而解除。 shall not be absolved even with the presence of a pilot piloting the ship.

Article 40 Should death occur to the 第四十条 船长在航行中死亡或者因故不能Master or the Master be unable to perform 执行职务时，应当由驾驶员中职务最高的人his duties for whatever reason, the deck 代理船长职务；在下一个港口开航前，船舶officer with the highest rank shall act 所有人应当指派新船长接任。 as the Master; before the ship sails from its next port of call, the shipowner shall appoint a new Master to take

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command.

Chapter IV Contract of Carriage of Goods 第四章 海上货物运输合同 by Sea

Section 1 Basic Principles

第一节 一般规定

Article 41 A contract of carriage of 第四十一条 海上货物运输合同，是指承运goods by sea is a contract under which 人收取运费，负责将托运人托运的货物经海the carrier, against payment of freight, 路由一港运至另一港的合同。 undertakes to carry by sea the goods contracted for shipment by the shipper from one port to another.

Article 42 For the purposes of this 第四十二条 本章下列用语的含义： Chapter:

(1) \ （一）“承运人”，是指本人或者委托or in whose name a contract of carriage 他人以本人名义与托运人订立海上货物运of goods by sea has been concluded with 输合同的人。 a shipper;

(2) \carrier\means the person to （二）“实际承运人”，是指接受承运whom the performance of carriage of 人委托，从事货物运输或者部分运输的人，goods, or of part of the carriage, has 包括接受转委托从事此项运输的其他人。 been entrusted by the carrier, and includes any other person to whom such performance has been entrusted under a sub-contract; (3) \

（三）“托运人”，是指：

a) The person by whom or in whose 1.本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者name or on whose behalf a contract of 委托他人为本人与承运人订立海上货物运carriage of goods by sea has been 输合同的人； concluded with a carrier;

b) The person by whom or in whose 2.本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者name or on whose behalf the goods have 委托他人为本人将货物交给与海上货物运been delivered to the carrier involved 输合同有关的承运人的人。 in the contract of carriage of goods by sea;

(4) \ （四）“收货人”，是指有权提取货物entitled to take delivery of the goods; 的人。

(5) \ （五）“货物”，包括活动物和由托运containers, pallets or similar articles 人提供的用于集装货物的集装箱、货盘或者of transport supplied by the shipper for 类似的装运器具。 consolidating the goods.

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Article 43 The carrier or the shipper may 第四十三条 承运人或者托运人可以要求书demand confirmation of the contract of 面确认海上货物运输合同的成立。但是，航carriage of goods by sea in writing. 次租船合同应当书面订立。电报、电传和传However, voyage charter shall be done in 真具有书面效力。 writing. Telegrams, telexes and telefaxes have the effect of written documents.

Article 44 Any stipulation in a contract 第四十四条 海上货物运输合同和作为合同of carriage of goods by sea or a bill of 凭证的提单或者其他运输单证中的条款，违lading or other similar documents 反本章规定的，无效。此类条款的无效，不evidencing such contract that derogates 影响该合同和提单或者其他运输单证中其from the provisions of this Chapter 他条款的效力。将货物的保险利益转让给承shall be null and void. However, such 运人的条款或者类似条款，无效。 nullity and voidness shall not affect the validity of other provisions of the contract or the bill of lading or other similar documents. A clause assigning the benefit of insurance of the goods in favour of the carrier or any similar clause shall be null and void.

Article 45 The provisions of Article 44 第四十五条 本法第四十四条的规定不影响of this Code shall not prejudice the 承运人在本章规定的承运人责任和义务之increase of duties and obligations by 外，增加其责任和义务。 the carrier besides those set out in this Chapter.

Section 2 Carrier''s Responsibilities 第二节 承运人的责任

Article 46 The responsibilities of the 第四十六条 承运人对集装箱装运的货物的carrier with regard to the goods carried 责任期间，是指从装货港接收货物时起至卸in containers covers the entire period 货港交付货物时止，货物处于承运人掌管之during which the carrier is in charge of 下的全部期间。承运人对非集装箱装运的货the goods, starting from the time the 物的责任期间，是指从货物装上船时起至卸carrier has taken over the goods at the 下船时止，货物处于承运人掌管之下的全部port of loading, until the goods have 期间。在承运人的责任期间，货物发生灭失been delivered at the port of discharge. 或者损坏，除本节另有规定外，承运人应当The responsibility of the carrier with 负赔偿责任。 respect to non-containerized goods covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time of loading of the goods onto the ship until the time the goods are discharged therefrom. During the period the carrier is in charge of

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the goods, the carrier shall be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods, except as otherwise provided for in this Section.

The provisions of the preceding 前款规定，不影响承运人就非集装箱装paragraph shall not prevent the carrier 运的货物，在装船前和卸船后所承担的责from entering into any agreement 任，达成任何协议。 concerning carrier''s responsibilities with regard to non-containerized goods prior to loading onto and after discharging from the ship.

Article 47 The carrier shall, before and 第四十七条 承运人在船舶开航前和开航当at the beginning of the voyage, exercise 时，应当谨慎处理，使船舶处于适航状态，due diligence to make the ship 妥善配备船员、装备船舶和配备供应品，并seaworthy, properly man, equip and 使货舱、冷藏舱、冷气舱和其他载货处所适supply the ship and to make the holds, 于并能安全收受、载运和保管货物。 refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.

Article 48 The carrier shall properly 第四十八条 承运人应当妥善地、谨慎地装and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, 载、搬移、积载、运输、保管、照料和卸载keep, care for and discharge the goods 所运货物。 carried.

Article 49 The carrier shall carry the 第四十九条 承运人应当按照约定的或者习goods to the port of discharge on the 惯的或者地理上的航线将货物运往卸货港。 agreed or customary or geographically direct route.

Any deviation in saving or 船舶在海上为救助或者企图救助人命attempting to save life or property at 或者财产而发生的绕航或者其他合理绕航，sea or any reasonable deviation shall 不属于违反前款规定的行为。 not be deemed to be an act deviating from the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 50 Delay in delivery occurs when 第五十条 货物未能在明确约定的时间内，the goods have not been delivered at the 在约定的卸货港交付的，为迟延交付。 designated port of discharge within the time expressly agreed upon.

The carrier shall be liable for the 除依照本章规定承运人不负赔偿责任loss of or damage to the goods caused by 的情形外，由于承运人的过失，致使货物因delay in delivery due to the fault of the 迟延交付而灭失或者损坏的，承运人应当负

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carrier, except those arising or 赔偿责任。 resulting from causes for which the carrier is not liable as provided for in the relevant Articles of this Chapter.

The carrier shall be liable for the 除依照本章规定承运人不负赔偿责任economic losses caused by delay in 的情形外，由于承运人的过失，致使货物因delivery of the goods due to the fault 迟延交付而遭受经济损失的，即使货物没有of the carrier, even if no loss of or 灭失或者损坏，承运人仍然应当负赔偿责damage to the goods had actually 任。 occurred, unless such economic losses had occurred from causes for which the carrier is not liable as provided for in the relevant Articles of this Chapter.

The person entitled to make a claim 承运人未能在本条第一款规定的时间for the loss of goods may treat the goods 届满六十日内交付货物，有权对货物灭失提as lost when the carrier has not 出赔偿请求的人可以认为货物已经灭失。 delivered the goods within 60 days from the expiry of the time for delivery specified in paragraph 1 of this Article.

Article 51 The carrier shall not be 第五十一条 在责任期间货物发生的灭失或liable for the loss of or damage to the 者损坏是由于下列原因之一造成的，承运人goods occurred during the period of 不负赔偿责任： carrier''s responsibility arising or resulting from any of the following causes:

(1) Fault of the Master, crew members, （一）船长、船员、引航员或者承运人pilot or servant of the carrier in the 的其他受雇人在驾驶船舶或者管理船舶中navigation or management of the ship; 的过失；

(2) Fire, unless caused by the actual （二）火灾，但是由于承运人本人的过fault of the carrier; 失所造成的除外； (3) Force majeure and perils, dangers （三）天灾，海上或者其他可航水域的and accidents of the sea or other 危险或者意外事故； navigable waters;

(4) War or armed conflict;

（四）战争或者武装冲突；

(5) Act of the government or competent （五）政府或者主管部门的行为、检疫authorities, quarantine restrictions or 限制或者司法扣押； seizure under legal process;

(6) Strikes, stoppages or restraint of （六）罢工、停工或者劳动受到限制； labour;

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(7) Saving or attempting to save life or （七）在海上救助或者企图救助人命或property at sea; 者财产； (8) Act of the shipper, owner of the （八）托运人、货物所有人或者他们的goods or their agents; 代理人的行为； (9) Nature or inherent vice of the goods; （九）货物的自然特性或者固有缺陷； (10) Inadequacy of packing or （十）货物包装不良或者标志欠缺、不insufficiency or illegibility of marks; 清；

(11) Latent defect of the ship not （十一）经谨慎处理仍未发现的船舶潜discoverable by due diligence; 在缺陷； (12) Any other causes arising without （十二）非由于承运人或者承运人的受the fault of the carrier or his servant 雇人、代理人的过失造成的其他原因。 or agent.

The carrier who is entitled to 承运人依照前款规定免除赔偿责任的，exoneration from the liability for 除第（二）项规定的原因外，应当负举证责compensation as provided for in the 任。 preceding paragraph shall, with the exception of the causes given in sub-paragraph (2), bear the burden of proof.

Article 52 The carrier shall not be 第五十二条 因运输活动物的固有的特殊风liable for the loss of or damage to the 险造成活动物灭失或者损害的，承运人不负live animals arising or resulting from 赔偿责任。但是，承运人应当证明业已履行the special risks inherent in the 托运人关于运输活动物的特别要求，并证明carriage thereof. However, the carrier 根据实际情况，灭失或者损害是由于此种固shall be bound to prove that he has 有的特殊风险造成的。 fulfilled the special requirements of the shipper with regard to the carriage of the live animals and that under the circumstances of the sea carriage, the loss or damage has occurred due to the special risks inherent therein.

Article 53 In case the carrier intends 第五十三条 承运人在舱面上装载货物，应to ship the goods on deck, he shall come 当同托运人达成协议，或者符合航运惯例，into an agreement with the shipper or 或者符合有关法律、行政法规的规定。 comply with the custom of the trade or the relevant laws or administrative rules and regulations.

When the goods have been shipped on 承运人依照前款规定将货物装载在舱deck in accordance with the provisions 面上，对由于此种装载的特殊风险造成的货of the preceding paragraph, the carrier 物灭失或者损坏，不负赔偿责任。

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shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods caused by the special risks involved in such carriage.

If the carrier, in breach of the 承运人违反本条第一款规定将货物装provisions of the first paragraph of 载在舱面上，致使货物遭受灭失或者损坏this Article, has shipped the goods on 的，应当负赔偿责任。 deck and the goods have consequently suffered loss or damage, the carrier shall be liable therefor.

Article 54 Where loss or damage or delay 第五十四条 货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交in delivery has occurred from causes 付是由于承运人或者承运人的受雇人、代理from which the carrier or his servant or 人的不能免除赔偿责任的原因和其他原因agent is not entitled to exoneration 共同造成的，承运人仅在其不能免除赔偿责from liability, together with another 任的范围内负赔偿责任；但是，承运人对其cause, the carrier shall be liable only 他原因造成的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付应当to the extent that the loss, damage or 负举证责任。 delay in delivery is attributable to the causes from which the carrier is not entitled to exoneration from liability; however, the carrier shall bear the burden of proof with respect to the loss, damage or delay in delivery resulting from the other cause.

Article 55 The amount of indemnity for 第五十五条 货物灭失的赔偿额，按照货物the loss of the goods shall be calculated 的实际价值计算；货物损坏的赔偿额，按照on the basis of the actual value of the 货物受损前后实际价值的差额或者货物的goods so lost, while that for the damage 修复费用计算。 to the goods shall be calculated on the basis of the difference between the values of the goods before and after the damage, or on the basis of the expenses for the repair.

The actual value shall be the value 货物的实际价值，按照货物装船时的价of the goods at the time of shipment plus 值加保险费加运费计算。 insurance and freight.

From the actual value referred to in 前款规定的货物实际价值，赔偿时应当the preceding paragraph, deduction 减去因货物灭失或者损坏而少付或者免付shall be made, at the time of 的有关费用。 compensation, of the expenses that had been reduced or avoided as a result of the loss or damage occurred.

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Article 56 The carrier''s liability for 第五十六条 承运人对货物的灭失或者损坏the loss of or damage to the goods shall 的赔偿限额，按照货物件数或者其他货运单be limited to an amount equivalent to 位数计算，每件或者每个其他货运单位为666.67 Units of Account per package or 666.67计算单位，或者按照货物毛重计算，other shipping unit, or 2 Units of 每公斤为2计算单位，以二者中赔偿限额较Account per kilogramme of the gross 高的为准。但是，托运人在货物装运前已经weight of the goods lost or damaged, 申报其性质和价值，并在提单中载明的，或whichever is the higher, except where 者承运人与托运人已经另行约定高于本条the nature and value of the goods had 规定的赔偿限额的除外。 been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading, or where a higher amount than the amount of limitation of liability set out in this Article had been agreed upon between the carrier and the shipper.

Where a container, pallet or similar 货物用集装箱、货盘或者类似装运器具article of transport is used to 集装的，提单中载明装在此类装运器具中的consolidate goods, the number of 货物件数或者其他货运单位数，视为前款所packages or other shipping units 指的货物件数或者其他货运单位数；未载明enumerated in the bill of lading as 的，每一装运器具视为一件或者一个单位。 packed in such article of transport shall be deemed to be the number of packages or shipping units. If not so enumerated, the goods in such article of transport shall be deemed to be one package or one shipping unit.

Where the article of transport is 装运器具不属于承运人所有或者非由not owned or furnished by the carrier, 承运人提供的，装运器具本身应当视为一件such article of transport shall be 或者一个单位。 deemed to be one package or one shipping unit.

Article 57 The liability of the carrier 第五十七条 承运人对货物因迟延交付造成for the economic losses resulting from 经济损失的赔偿限额，为所迟延交付的货物delay in delivery of the goods shall be 的运费数额。货物的灭失或者损坏和迟延交limited to an amount equivalent to the 付同时发生的，承运人的赔偿责任限额适用freight payable for the goods so 本法第五十六条第一款规定的限额。 delayed. Where the loss of or damage to the goods has occurred concurrently with the delay in delivery thereof, the limitation of liability of the carrier shall be that as provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 56 of this Code.

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Article 58 The defence and limitation of 第五十八条 就海上货物运输合同所涉及的liability provided for in this Chapter 货物灭失、损坏或者迟延交付对承运人提起shall apply to any legal action brought 的任何诉讼，不论海事请求人是否合同的一against the carrier with regard to the 方，也不论是根据合同或者是根据侵权行为loss of or damage to or delay in delivery 提起的，均适用本章关于承运人的抗辩理由of the goods covered by the contract of 和限制赔偿责任的规定。 carriage of goods by sea, whether the claimant is a party to the contract or whether the action is founded in contract or in tort.

The provisions of the preceding 前款诉讼是对承运人的受雇人或者代paragraph shall apply if the action 理人提起的，经承运人的受雇人或者代理人referred to in the preceding paragraph 证明，其行为是在受雇或者受委托的范围之is brought against the carrier''s 内的，适用前款规定。 servant or agent, and the carrier''s servant or agent proves that his action was within the scope of his employment or agency.

Article 59 The carrier shall not be 第五十九条 经证明，货物的灭失、损坏或entitled to the benefit of the 者迟延交付是由于承运人的故意或者明知limitation of liability provided for in 可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不作为造Article 56 or 57 of this Code if it is 成的，承运人不得援用本法第五十六条或者proved that the loss, damage or delay in 第五十七条限制赔偿责任的规定。 delivery of the goods resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result.

The servant or agent of the carrier 经证明，货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交shall not be entitled to the benefit of 付是由于承运人的受雇人、代理人的故意或limitation of liability provided for in 者明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不Article 56 or 57 of this Code, if it is 作为造成的，承运人的受雇人或者代理人不proved that the loss, damage or delay in 得援用本法第五十六条或者第五十七条限delivery resulted from an act or 制赔偿责任的规定。 omission of the servant or agent of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result.

Article 60 Where the performance of the 第六十条 承运人将货物运输或者部分运输carriage or part thereof has been 委托给实际承运人履行的，承运人仍然应当

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entrusted to an actual carrier, the 依照本章规定对全部运输负责。对实际承运carrier shall nevertheless remain 人承担的运输，承运人应当对实际承运人的responsible for the entire carriage 行为或者实际承运人的受雇人、代理人在受according to the provisions of this 雇或者受委托的范围内的行为负责。 Chapter. The carrier shall be responsible, in relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, for the act or omission of the actual carrier and of his servant or agent acting within the scope of his employment or agency.

Notwithstanding the provisions of 虽有前款规定，在海上运输合同中明确the preceding paragraph, where a 约定合同所包括的特定的部分运输由承运contract of carriage by sea provides 人以外的指定的实际承运人履行的，合同可explicitly that a specified part of the 以同时约定，货物在指定的实际承运人掌管carriage covered by the said contract is 期间发生的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，承运to be performed by a named actual carrier 人不负赔偿责任。 other than the carrier, the contract may nevertheless provide that the carrier shall not be liable for the loss, damage or delay in delivery arising from an occurrence which takes place while the goods are in the charge of the actual carrier during such part of the carriage.

Article 61 The provisions with respect 第六十一条 本章对承运人责任的规定，适to the responsibility of the carrier 用于实际承运人。对实际承运人的受雇人、contained in this Chapter shall be 代理人提起诉讼的，适用本法第五十八条第applicable to the actual carrier. Where 二款和第五十九条第二款的规定。 an action is brought against the servant or agent of the actual carrier, the provisions contained in paragraph 2 of Article 58 and paragraph 2 of Article 59 of this Code shall apply.

Article 62 Any special agreement under 第六十二条 承运人承担本章未规定的义务which the carrier assumes obligations 或者放弃本章赋予的权利的任何特别协议，not provided for in this Chapter or 经实际承运人书面明确同意的，对实际承运waives rights conferred by this Chapter 人发生效力；实际承运人是否同意，不影响shall be binding upon the actual carrier 此项特别协议对承运人的效力。 when the actual carrier has agreed in writing to the contents thereof. The provisions of such special agreement shall be binding upon the carrier whether the actual carrier has agreed to

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the contents or not.

Article 63 Where both the carrier and the 第六十三条 承运人与实际承运人都负有赔actual carrier are liable for 偿责任的，应当在此项责任范围内负连带责compensation, they shall jointly be 任。 liable within the scope of such liability.

Article 64 If claims for compensation 第六十四条 就货物的灭失或者损坏分别向have been separately made against the 承运人、实际承运人以及他们的受雇人、代carrier, the actual carrier and their 理人提出赔偿请求的，赔偿总额不超过本法servants or agents with regard to the 第五十六条规定的限额。 loss of or damage to the goods, the aggregate amount of compensation shall not be in excess of the limitation provided for in Article 56 of this Code.

Article 65 The provisions of Article 60 第六十五条 本法第六十条至第六十四条的through 64 of this Code shall not affect 规定，不影响承运人和实际承运人之间相互the recourse between the carrier and the 追偿。 actual carrier.

Section 3 Shipper''s Responsibilities 第三节 托运人的责任

Article 66 The shipper shall have the 第六十六条 托运人托运货物，应当妥善包goods properly packed and shall 装，并向承运人保证，货物装船时所提供的guarantee the accuracy of the 货物的品名、标志、包数或者件数、重量或description, mark, number of packages or 者体积的正确性；由于包装不良或者上述资pieces, weight or quantity of the goods 料不正确，对承运人造成损失的，托运人应at the time of shipment and shall 当负赔偿责任。 indemnity the carrier against any loss resulting from inadequacy of packing or inaccuracies in the abovementioned information.

The carrier''s right to 承运人依照前款规定享有的受偿权利，indemnification as provided for in the 不影响其根据货物运输合同对托运人以外preceding paragraph shall not affect the 的人所承担的责任。 obligation of the carrier under the contract of carriage of goods towards those other than the shipper.

Article 67 The shipper shall perform all 第六十七条 托运人应当及时向港口、海关、necessary procedures at the port, 检疫、检验和其他主管机关办理货物运输所customs, quarantine, inspection or 需要的各项手续，并将已办理各项手续的单other competent authorities with 证送交承运人；因办理各项手续的有关单证respect to the shipment of the goods and 送交不及时、不完备或者不正确，使承运人shall furnish to the carrier all 的利益受到损害的，托运人应当负赔偿责

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relevant documents concerning the 任。 procedures the shipper has gone through. The shipper shall be liable for any damage to the interest of the carrier resulting from the inadequacy or inaccuracy or delay in delivery of such documents.

Article 68 At the time of shipment of 第六十八条 托运人托运危险货物，应当依dangerous goods, the shipper shall, in 照有关海上危险货物运输的规定，妥善包compliance with the regulations 装，作出危险品标志和标签，并将其正式名governing the carriage of such goods, 称和性质以及应当采取的预防危害措施书have them properly packed, distinctly 面通知承运人；托运人未通知或者通知有误marked and labelled and notify the 的，承运人可以在任何时间、任何地点根据carrier in writing of their proper 情况需要将货物卸下、销毁或者使之不能为description, nature and the precautions 害，而不负赔偿责任。托运人对承运人因运to be taken. In case the shipper fails 输此类货物所受到的损害，应当负赔偿责to notify the carrier or notified him 任。 inaccurately, the carrier may have such goods landed, destroyed or rendered innocuous when and where circumstances so require, without compensation. The shipper shall be liable to the carrier for any loss, damage or expense resulting from such shipment.

Notwithstanding the carrier''s 承运人知道危险货物的性质并已同意knowledge of the nature of the dangerous 装运的，仍然可以在该项货物对于船舶、人goods and his consent to carry, he may 员或者其他货物构成实际危险时，将货物卸still have such goods landed, destroyed 下、销毁或者使之不能为害，而不负赔偿责or rendered innocuous, without 任。但是，本款规定不影响共同海损的分摊。 compensation, when they become an actual danger to the ship, the crew and other persons on board or to other goods. However, the provisions of this paragraph shall not prejudice the contribution in general average, if any. Article 69 The shipper shall pay the 第六十九条 托运人应当按照约定向承运人freight to the carrier as agreed. 支付运费。 The shipper and the carrier may 托运人与承运人可以约定运费由收货reach an agreement that the freight 人支付；但是，此项约定应当在运输单证中shall be paid by the consignee. However, 载明。 such an agreement shall be noted in the transport documents.

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Article 70 The shipper shall not be 第七十条 托运人对承运人、实际承运人所liable for the loss sustained by the 遭受的损失或者船舶所遭受的损坏，不负赔carrier or the actual carrier, or for the 偿责任；但是，此种损失或者损坏是由于托damage sustained by the ship, unless 运人或者托运人的受雇人、代理人的过失造such loss or damage was caused by the 成的除外。 fault of the shipper, his servant or agent.

The servant or agent of the shipper 托运人的受雇人、代理人对承运人、实shall not be liable for the loss 际承运人所遭受的损失或者船舶所遭受的sustained by the carrier or the actual 损坏，不负赔偿责任；但是，这种损失或者carrier, or for the damage sustained by 损坏是由于托运人的受雇人、代理人的过失the ship, unless the loss or damage was 造成的除外。 caused by the fault of the servant or agent of the shipper.

Section 4 Transport Documents

第四节 运输单证

Article 71 A bill of lading is a document 第七十一条 提单，是指用以证明海上货物which serves as an evidence of the 运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装contract of carriage of goods by sea and 船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。the taking over or loading of the goods 提单中载明的向记名人交付货物，或者按照by the carrier, and based on which the 指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人carrier undertakes to deliver the goods 交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物against surrendering the same. A 的保证。 provision in the document stating that the goods are to be delivered to the order of a named person, or to order, or to bearer, constitutes such an undertaking.

Article 72 When the goods have been taken 第七十二条 货物由承运人接收或者装船over by the carrier or have been loaded 后，应托运人的要求，承运人应当签发提单。 on board, the carrier shall, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a bill of lading.

The bill of lading may be signed by 提单可以由承运人授权的人签发。提单a person authorized by the carrier. A 由载货船舶的船长签发的，视为代表承运人bill of lading signed by the Master of 签发。 the ship carrying the goods is deemed to have been signed on behalf of the carrier.

Article 73 A bill of lading shall contain 第七十三条 提单内容，包括下列各项： the following particulars:

(1) Description of the goods, mark, （一）货物的品名、标志、包数或者件

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number of packages or pieces, weight or 数、重量或者体积，以及运输危险货物时对quantity, and a statement, if 危险性质的说明； applicable, as to the dangerous nature of the goods;

(2) Name and principal place of business （二）承运人的名称和主营业所； of the carrier; (3) Name of the ship; (4) Name of the shipper; (5) Name of the consignee;

（三）船舶名称； （四）托运人的名称； （五）收货人的名称；

(6) Port of loading and the date on which （六）装货港和在装货港接收货物的日the goods were taken over by the carrier 期； at the port of loading; (7) Port of discharge;

（七）卸货港；

(8) Place where the goods were taken over （八）多式联运提单增列接收货物地点and the place where the goods are to be 和交付货物地点； delivered in case of a multimodal transport bill of lading;

(9) Date and place of issue of the bill （九）提单的签发日期、地点和份数； of lading and the number of originals issued;

(10) Payment of freight;

（十）运费的支付；

(11) Signature of the carrier or of a （十一）承运人或者其代表的签字。 person acting on his behalf.

In a bill of lading, the lack of one 提单缺少前款规定的一项或者几项的，or more particulars referred to in the 不影响提单的性质；但是，提单应当符合本preceding paragraph does not affect the 法第七十一条的规定。 function of the bill of lading as such, provided that it nevertheless meets the requirements set forth in Article 71 of this Code.

Article 74 If the carrier has issued, on 第七十四条 货物装船前，承运人已经应托demand of the shipper, a 运人的要求签发收货待运提单或者其他单receivedforshipment bill of lading or 证的，货物装船完毕，托运人可以将收货待other similar documents before the goods 运提单或者其他单证退还承运人，以换取已are loaded on board, the shipper may 装船提单；承运人也可以在收货待运提单上surrender the same to the carrier as 加注承运船舶的船名和装船日期，加注后的against a shipped bill of lading when the 收货待运提单视为已装船提单。 goods have been loaded on board. The carrier may also note on the

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returned by the shipper to the carrier.

Article 91 If, due to force majeure or 第九十一条 因不可抗力或者其他不能归责any other causes not attributable to the 于承运人和托运人的原因致使船舶不能在fault of the carrier or the shipper, the 合同约定的目的港卸货的，除合同另有约定ship could not discharge its goods at the 外，船长有权将货物在目的港邻近的安全港port of destination as provided for in 口或者地点卸载，视为已经履行合同。 the contract of carriage, unless the contract provides otherwise, the Master shall be entitled to discharge the goods at a safe port or place near the port of destination and the contract of carriage shall be deemed to have been fulfilled.

In deciding the discharge of the 船长决定将货物卸载的，应当及时通知goods, the Master shall inform the 托运人或者收货人，并考虑托运人或者收货shipper or the consignee and shall take 人的利益。 the interests of the shipper or the consignee into consideration.

Section 7 Special Provisions Regarding 第七节 航次租船合同的特别规定 Voyage Charter Party

Article 92 A voyage charter party is a 第九十二条 航次租船合同，是指船舶出租charter party under which the shipowner 人向承租人提供船舶或者船舶的部分舱位，charters out and the charterer charters 装运约定的货物，从一港运至另一港，由承in the whole or part of the ship''s space 租人支付约定运费的合同。 for the carriage by sea of the intended goods from one port to another and the charterer pays the agreed amount of freight.

Article 93 A voyage charter party shall 第九十三条 航次租船合同的内容，主要包mainly contain, interalia, name of the 括出租人和承租人的名称、船名、船籍、载shipowner, name of the charterer, name 货重量、容积、货名、装货港和目的港、受and nationality of the ship, its bale or 载期限、装卸期限、运费、滞期费、速遣费grain capacity, description of the goods 以及其他有关事项。 to be loaded, port of loading, port of destination, laydays, time for loading and discharge, payment of freight, demurrage, dispatch and other relevant matters.

Article 94 The provisions in Article 47 第九十四条 本法第四十七条和第四十九条and Article 49 of this Code shall apply 的规定，适用于航次租船合同的出租人。 to the shipowner under voyage charter party.

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The other provisions in this Chapter 本章其他有关合同当事人之间的权利、regarding the rights and obligations of 义务的规定，仅在航次租船合同没有约定或the parties to the contract shall apply 者没有不同约定时，适用于航次租船合同的to the shipowner and the charterer under 出租人和承租人。 voyage charter only in the absence of relevant provisions or in the absence of provisions differing therefrom in the voyage charter.

Article 95 Where the holder of the bill 第九十五条 对按照航次租船合同运输的货of lading is not the charterer in the 物签发的提单，提单持有人不是承租人的，case of a bill of lading issued under a 承运人与该提单持有人之间的权利、义务关voyage charter, the rights and 系适用提单的约定。但是，提单中载明适用obligations of the carrier and the 航次租船合同条款的，适用该航次租船合同holder of the bill of lading shall be 的条款。 governed by the clauses of the bill of lading. However, if the clauses of the voyage charter party are incorporated into the bill of lading, the relevant clauses of the voyage charter party shall apply.

Article 96 The shipowner shall provide 第九十六条 出租人应当提供约定的船舶；the intended ship. The intended ship may 经承租人同意，可以更换船舶。但是，提供be substituted with the consent of the 的船舶或者更换的船舶不符合合同约定的，charterer. However, if the ship 承租人有权拒绝或者解除合同。 substituted does not meet the requirements of the charter party, the charterer may reject the ship or cancel the charter.

Should any damage or loss occur to 因出租人过失未提供约定的船舶致使the charterer as a result of the 承租人遭受损失的，出租人应当负赔偿责shipowner''s failure in providing the 任。 intended ship due to his fault, the shipowner shall be liable for compensation.

Article 97 If the shipowner has failed 第九十七条 出租人在约定的受载期限内未to provide the ship within the laydays 能提供船舶的，承租人有权解除合同。但是，fixed in the charter, the charterer is 出租人将船舶延误情况和船舶预期抵达装entitled to cancel the charter party. 货港的日期通知承租人的，承租人应当自收However, if the shipowner had notified 到通知时起四十八小时内，将是否解除合同the charterer of the delay of the ship 的决定通知出租人。 and the expected date of its arrival at the port of loading, the charterer shall

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notify the shipowner whether to cancel the charter within 48 hours of the receipt of the shipowner''s notification.

Where the charterer has suffered 因出租人过失延误提供船舶致使承租losses as a result of the delay in 人遭受损失的，出租人应当负赔偿责任。 providing the ship due to the fault of the shipowner, the shipowner shall be liable for compensation.

Article 98 Under a voyage charter, the 第九十八条 航次租船合同的装货、卸货期time for loading and discharge and the 限及其计算办法，超过装货、卸货期限后的way of calculation thereof, as well as 滞期费和提前完成装货、卸货的速遣费，由the rate of demurrage that would incur 双方约定。 after the expiration of the laytime and the rate of dispatch money to be paid as a result of the completion of loading or discharge ahead of schedule, shall be fixed by the shipowner and the charterer upon mutual agreement.

Article 99 The charterer may sublet the 第九十九条 承租人可以将其租用的船舶转ship he chartered, but the rights and 租；转租后，原合同约定的权利和义务不受obligations under the head charter shall 影响。 not be affected.

Article 100 The charterer shall provide 第一百条 承租人应当提供约定的货物；经the intended goods, but he may replace 出租人同意，可以更换货物。但是，更换的the goods with the consent of the 货物对出租人不利的，出租人有权拒绝或者shipowner. However, if the goods 解除合同。 replaced is detrimental to the interests of the shipowner, the shipowner shall be entitled to reject such goods and cancel the charter.

Where the shipowner has suffered 因未提供约定的货物致使出租人遭受losses as a result of the failure of the 损失的，承租人应当负赔偿责任。 charterer in providing the intended goods, the charterer shall be liable for compensation.

Article 101 The shipowner shall 第一百零一条 出租人应当在合同约定的卸discharge the goods at the port of 货港卸货。合同订有承租人选择卸货港条款discharge specified in the charter 的，在承租人未按照合同约定及时通知确定party. Where the charter party contains 的卸货港时，船长可以从约定的选卸港中自a clause allowing the choice of the port 行选定一港卸货。承租人未按照合同约定及

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of discharge by the charterer, the 时通知确定的卸货港，致使出租人遭受损失Master may choose one from among the 的，应当负赔偿责任。出租人未按照合同约agreed picked ports to discharge the 定，擅自选定港口卸货致使承租人遭受损失goods, in case the charterer did not, as 的，应当负赔偿责任。 agreed in the charter, instruct in time as to the port chosen for discharging the goods. Where the charterer did not instruct in time as to the chosen port of discharge, as agreed in the charter, and the shipowner suffered losses thereby, the charterer shall be liable for compensation; where the charterer has suffered losses as a result of the shipowner''s arbitrary choice of a port to discharge the goods, in disregard of the provisions in the relevant charter, the shipowner shall be liable for compensation.

Section 8 Special Provisions Regarding 第八节 多式联运合同的特别规定 Multimodal Transport Contract

Article 102 A multimodal transport 第一百零二条 本法所称多式联运合同，是contract as referred to in this Code 指多式联运经营人以两种以上的不同运输means a contract under which the 方式，其中一种是海上运输方式，负责将货multimodal transport operator 物从接收地运至目的地交付收货人，并收取undertakes to transport the goods, 全程运费的合同。 against the payment of freight for the entire transport, from the place where the goods were received in his charge to the destination and to deliver them to the consignee by two or more different modes of transport, one of which being sea carriage.

The multimodal transport operator 前款所称多式联运经营人，是指本人或as referred to in the preceding 者委托他人以本人名义与托运人订立多式paragraph means the person who has 联运合同的人。 entered into a multimodal transport contract with the shipper either by himself or by another person acting on his behalf.

Article 103 The responsibility of the 第一百零三条 多式联运经营人对多式联运multimodal transport operator with 货物的责任期间，自接收货物时起至交付货respect to the goods under multimodal 物时止。

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transport contract covers the period from the time he takes the goods in his charge to the time of their delivery.

Article 104 The multimodal transport 第一百零四条 多式联运经营人负责履行或operator shall be responsible for the 者组织履行多式联运合同，并对全程运输负performance of the multimodal transport 责。 contract or the procurement of the performance therefor, and shall be responsible for the entire transport.

The multimodal transport operator 多式联运经营人与参加多式联运的各may enter into separate contracts with 区段承运人，可以就多式联运合同的各区段the carriers of the different modes 运输，另以合同约定相互之间的责任。但是，defining their responsibilities with 此项合同不得影响多式联运经营人对全程regard to the different sections of the 运输所承担的责任。 transport under the multimodal transport contracts. However, such separate contracts shall not affect the responsibility of the multimodal transport operator with respect to the entire transport.

Article 105 If loss of or damage to the 第一百零五条 货物的灭失或者损坏发生于goods has occurred in a certain section 多式联运的某一运输区段的，多式联运经营of the transport, the provisions of the 人的赔偿责任和责任限额，适用调整该区段relevant laws and regulations governing 运输方式的有关法律规定。 that specific section of the multimodal transport shall be applicable to matters concerning the liability of the multimodal transport operator and the limitation thereof.

Article 106 If the section of transport 第一百零六条 货物的灭失或者损坏发生的in which the loss of or damage to the 运输区段不能确定的，多式联运经营人应当goods occurred could not be ascertained, 依照本章关于承运人赔偿责任和责任限额the multimodal transport operator shall 的规定负赔偿责任。 be liable for compensation in accordance with the stipulations regarding the carrier''s liability and the limitation thereof as set out in this Chapter.

Chapter V Contract of Carriage of 第五章 海上旅客运输合同 Passengers by Sea

Article 107 A contract of carriage of 第一百零七条 海上旅客运输合同，是指承passengers by sea is a contract whereby 运人以适合运送旅客的船舶经海路将旅客

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the carrier undertakes to carry 及其行李从一港运送至另一港，由旅客支付passengers and their luggage by sea from 票款的合同。 one port to another by ships suitable for that purpose against payment of fare by the passengers.

Article 108 For the purposes of this 第一百零八条 本章下列用语的含义： Chapter:

(1) \ （一）“承运人”，是指本人或者委托or in whose name a contract of carriage 他人以本人名义与旅客订立海上旅客运输of passengers by sea has been entered 合同的人。 into with the passengers;

(2) \carrier\means the person by （二）“实际承运人”，是指接受承运whom the whole or part of the carriage 人委托，从事旅客运送或者部分运送的人，of passengers has been performed as 包括接受转委托从事此项运送的其他人。 entrusted by the carrier, including those engaged in such carriage under a sub-contract.

(3) \ （三）“旅客”，是指根据海上旅客运under a contract of carriage of 输合同运送的人；经承运人同意，根据海上passengers by sea. With the consent of 货物运输合同，随船护送货物的人，视为旅the carrier, a person supervising the 客。 carriage of goods aboard a ship covered by a contract of carriage of goods is regarded as a passenger;

(4) \means any article or （四）“行李”，是指根据海上旅客运vehicle shipped by the carrier under the 输合同由承运人载运的任何物品和车辆，但contract of carriage of passengers by 是活动物除外。 sea, with the exception of live animals.

(5) \ （五）“自带行李”，是指旅客自行携which the passenger has in his cabin or 带、保管或者放置在客舱中的行李。 is otherwise in his possession, custody or control.

Article 109 The provisions regarding the 第一百零九条 本章关于承运人责任的规responsibilities of the carrier as 定，适用于实际承运人。本章关于承运人的contained in this Chapter shall be 受雇人、代理人责任的规定，适用于实际承applicable to the actual carrier, and 运人的受雇人、代理人。 the provisions regarding the responsibilities of the servant or agent of the carrier as contained in this Chapter shall be applicable to the servant or agent of the actual carrier.

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Article 110 The passage ticket serves as 第一百一十条 旅客客票是海上旅客运输合an evidence that a contract of carriage 同成立的凭证。 of passengers by sea has been entered into.

Article 111 The period of carriage for 第一百一十一条 海上旅客运输的运送期the carriage of passengers by sea 间，自旅客登船时起至旅客离船时止。客票commences from the time of embarkation 票价含接送费用的，运送期间并包括承运人of the passengers and terminates at the 经水路将旅客从岸上接到船上和从船上送time of their disembarkation, including 到岸上的时间，但是不包括旅客在港站内、the period during which the passengers 码头上或者在港口其他设施内的时间。 are transported by water from land to the ship or vice versa, if such cost of transport is included in the fare. However, the period of carriage does not include the time when the passengers are at a marine terminal or station or on a quay or in or on any other port installations.

The period of carriage for the cabin 旅客的自带行李，运送期间同前款规luggage of the passengers shall be the 定。旅客自带行李以外的其他行李，运送期same as that stipulated in the preceding 间自旅客将行李交付承运人或者承运人的paragraph. The period of carriage for 受雇人、代理人时起至承运人或者承运人的luggage other than the cabin luggage 受雇人、代理人交还旅客时止。 commences from the time when the carrier or his servant or agent receives it into his charge and terminates at the time when the carrier or his servant or agent redelivers it to the passengers.

Article 112 A passenger travelling 第一百一十二条 旅客无票乘船、越级乘船without a ticket or taking a higher class 或者超程乘船，应当按照规定补足票款，承berth than booked or going beyond the 运人可以按照规定加收票款；拒不交付的，distance paid for shall pay for the fare 船长有权在适当地点令其离船，承运人有权or the excess fare as required by 向其追偿。 relevant regulations, and the carrier may, according to the relevant regulations, charge additional fare. Should any passenger refuse to pay, the Master is entitled to order him to disembark at a suitable place and the carrier has the right of recourse against him.

Article 113 No passenger may take on 第一百一十三条 旅客不得随身携带或者在

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board or pack in their luggage 行李中夹带违禁品或者易燃、易爆、有毒、contraband goods or any article of an 有腐蚀性、有放射性以及有可能危及船上人inflammable, explosive, poisonous, 身和财产安全的其他危险品。 corrosive or radioactive nature or other dangerous goods that would endanger the safety of life and property on board.

The carrier may have the contraband 承运人可以在任何时间、任何地点将旅or dangerous goods brought on board by 客违反前款规定随身携带或者在行李中夹the passenger or packed in his luggage 带的违禁品、危险品卸下、销毁或者使之不in breach of the provisions of the 能为害，或者送交有关部门，而不负赔偿责preceding paragraph discharged, 任。 destroyed or rendered innocuous at any time and at any place or sent over to the appropriate authorities, without being liable for compensation.

The passenger shall be liable for 旅客违反本条第一款规定，造成损害compensation if any loss or damage 的，应当负赔偿责任。 occurs as a result of his breach of the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.

Article 114 During the period of 第一百一十四条 在本法第一百一十一条规carriage of the passengers and their 定的旅客及其行李的运送期间，因承运人或luggage as provided for in Article 111 者承运人的受雇人、代理人在受雇或者受委of this Code, the carrier shall be liable 托的范围内的过失引起事故，造成旅客人身for the death of or personal injury to 伤亡或者行李灭失、损坏的，承运人应当负passengers or the loss of or damage to 赔偿责任。 their luggage resulting from accidents caused by the fault of the carrier or his servant or agent committed within the scope of his employment or agency.

The claimant shall bear the burden 请求人对承运人或者承运人的受雇人、of proof regarding the fault of the 代理人的过失，应当负举证责任；但是，本carrier or his servant or agent, with the 条第三款和第四款规定的情形除外。 exception, however, of the circumstances specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article.

If the death of or personal injury 旅客的人身伤亡或者自带行李的灭失、to the passengers or loss of or damage 损坏，是由于船舶的沉没、碰撞、搁浅、爆to the passengers'' cabin luggage 炸、火灾所引起或者是由于船舶的缺陷所引occurred as a result of shipwreck, 起的，承运人或者承运人的受雇人、代理人collision, stranding, explosion, fire 除非提出反证，应当视为其有过失。 or the defect of the ship, it shall be

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presumed that the carrier or his servant or agent has committed a fault, unless proof to the contrary has been given by the carrier or his servant or agent.

As to any loss of or damage to the 旅客自带行李以外的其他行李的灭失luggage other than the passenger''s 或者损坏，不论由于何种事故所引起，承运cabin luggage, unless the carrier or his 人或者承运人的受雇人、代理人除非提出反servant or agent proves to the contrary, 证，应当视为其有过失。 it shall be presumed that the carrier or his servant or agent has committed a fault, no matter how the loss or damage was caused.

Article 115 If it is proved by the 第一百一十五条 经承运人证明，旅客的人carrier that the death of or personal 身伤亡或者行李的灭失、损坏，是由于旅客injury to the passenger or the loss of 本人的过失或者旅客和承运人的共同过失or damage to his luggage was caused by 造成的，可以免除或者相应减轻承运人的赔the fault of the passenger himself or the 偿责任。 faults of the carrier and the passenger combined, the carrier''s liability may be exonerated or appropriately mitigated.

If it is proved by the carrier that 经承运人证明，旅客的人身伤亡或者行the death of or personal injury to the 李的灭失、损坏，是由于旅客本人的故意造passenger or the loss of or damage to the 成的，或者旅客的人身伤亡是由于旅客本人passenger''s luggage was intentionally 健康状况造成的，承运人不负赔偿责任。 caused by the passenger himself, or the death or personal injury was due to the health condition of his, the carrier shall not be liable therefor.

Article 116 The carrier shall not be 第一百一十六条 承运人对旅客的货币、金liable for any loss of or damage to the 银、珠宝、有价证券或者其他贵重物品所发monies, gold, silver, jewellery, 生的灭失、损坏，不负赔偿责任。 negotiable securities or other valuables of the passengers.

If the passenger has entrusted the 旅客与承运人约定将前款规定的物品above-mentioned valuables to the 交由承运人保管的，承运人应当依照本法第safe-keeping of the carrier under an 一百一十七条的规定负赔偿责任；双方以书agreement for that purpose, the carrier 面约定的赔偿限额高于本法第一百一十七shall be liable for compensation in 条的规定的，承运人应当按照约定的数额负accordance with the provisions of 赔偿责任。 Article 117 of this Code. Where the limitation of liability agreed upon

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between the carrier and the passenger in writing is higher than that set out in Article 117 of this Code, the carrier shall make the compensation in accordance with that higher amount.

Article 117 Except the circumstances 第一百一十七条 除本条第四款规定的情形specified in paragraph 4 of this 外，承运人在每次海上旅客运输中的赔偿责Article, the limitation of liability of 任限额，依照下列规定执行： the carrier under each carriage of passengers by sea shall be governed by the following:

(1) For death of or personal injury to （一）旅客人身伤亡的，每名旅客不超the passenger: not exceeding 46,666 过46666计算单位； Units of Account per passenger;

(2) For loss of or damage to the （二）旅客自带行李灭失或者损坏的，passengers'' cabin luggage: not 每名旅客不超过833计算单位； exceeding 833 Units of Account per passenger;

(3) For loss of or damage to the （三）旅客车辆包括该车辆所载行李灭passengers'' vehicles including the 失或者损坏的，每一车辆不超过3333计算luggage carried therein: not exceeding 单位； 3,333 Units of Account per vehicle;

(4) For loss of or damage to luggage （四）本款第（二）、（三）项以外的旅other than those described in 客其他行李灭失或者损坏的，每名旅客不超subparagraphs (2) and (3) above: not 过1200计算单位。 exceeding 1,200 Units of Account per passenger.

An agreement may be reached between 承运人和旅客可以约定，承运人对旅客the carrier and the passengers with 车辆和旅客车辆以外的其他行李损失的免respect to the deductibles applicable to 赔额。但是，对每一车辆损失的免赔额不得the compensation for loss of or damage 超过117计算单位，对每名旅客的车辆以外to the passengers'' vehicles and luggage 的其他行李损失的免赔额不得超过13计算other than their vehicles. However, the 单位。在计算每一车辆或者每名旅客的车辆deductible with respect to the loss of 以外的其他行李的损失赔偿数额时，应当扣or damage to the passengers'' vehicles 除约定的承运人免赔额。 shall not exceed 117 Units of Account per vehicle, whereas the deductible for the loss of or damage to the luggage other than the vehicle shall not exceed 13 Units of Account per piece of luggage per passenger. In calculating the amount of

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