从句大全及详解

从句结构

一，名词性从句

主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句

1、名词性从句的构成：

That类连接词： that， whether 和if.(这类词以that为代表在句子当中不充当任何成分）

Wh-类连接词： what, whatever ,who, whoever, which, whichever ,when, where, how why…… 2、主语从句：

从句在句子中充当主语的成分（从句有完整的主语，谓语，宾语） A: 由 that 引导

That she will go abroad to take advanced study seems unlikely. 她要出国深造似乎不大可能。

Whether he agrees to the plan or not makes no difference. 他同意不同意此计划无所谓。

That引导主语从句，但是并不充当任何语法成分，但是不可以省略。 B: Wh-类连接

What she said on that occasion greatly shocked me. 她在那个场合下说的话令我震惊。

Whatever is worth doing should be done well. 任何值得做得事情都应该做好。 C，主语从句后置的情形

It is a miracle that he get a success in the exam. 常见的四种结构：

it +be+形容词+that -从句 It+be+-ed分词+that-从句 It+be+名词+that-从句 It+不及物动词+that-从句 3、宾语从句：

宾语从句就是在一个句子里充当宾语的句子。 A: that 连接：

Jones said that he was to be married next month. 约翰说他下个月将结婚。

I was wondering whether I should bring my girl friend to be gathering. 我在考虑聚会的时候是否要带女朋友过去 B: wh- 连接：

I wonder why he deserted his enviable well-paid position.

我不明白为什么他要辞掉那个令人羡慕的工作。

He asked me why sister Feng is so crazy about handsome boys. 他问我为什么凤姐如此钟情于帅哥。 4、用法：

①动词宾语从句：

He admitted that he was one of the handsome boy in his class. Ps:动词+it+that结构 （形式宾语）

He made it clear that he will never go back my world. 他说的很清楚了他已经不会回到我的世界。 ②介词宾语从句：

通常有Wh-连接构成，有一些例外，仅限于in that，but that，except that，besides that, beyond that……

Whether he can succeed depends on how well he operates. 他是否可以成功屈居于他的操作水平。

He was not conscious of what a big mistake he had made. 他没有意识到他犯了一个大错。

The girl left him in that he made a big mistake. 那个女孩离开了他因为他犯了一个很大的错误。

The essay is perfect except there are some spelling mistakes. 这篇文章很优秀，除了一些拼写错误。 形容词宾语从句：

we are fully convinced that john will be the winner of the speech contest. 我们相信约翰会成为这个比赛的赢家。

I am afraid that you are misunderstanding your girl friend. 我想你误会了你的女朋友。 ③表语从句：

主语+系动词+表语从句 A：that 引导：

The truth is that he lacks the decisiveness to be a leader. 事实是他缺乏做为领导者应有的决断力。

The question is whether he should give a hand to his opponent. 问题是他是否应该帮助自己的对手。 B: wh- 连接：

The king’s concern is who will succeed his throne. 国王焦虑的是，谁来继承自己的王位。

What he worries about is how he can pull through the current crisis. 他所担心的是，自己如何摆脱眼前的危机。 ④同位语从句：

放在一定内容性的名词之后，对前面的名词进行解释。

The news that she has broken up with her boy friend is true. 她和她男朋友分手的消息是真的。

Ps:同位语与前面的名词功能对等，可以进行位置对换。The news= that A: that 引导：

I am greatly shocked that when I heard the news that his father passed

away yesterday.

当我听到他父亲昨天过世的消息时，感到很震惊。

The debate that whether he should be punished continued. 关于他是否要是受到惩罚的争论还在继续。 B:由wh-引导：

The question what he shall do with such a large sum of money came to him suddenly.

他突然想到一个问题：他将如何处理这样一大笔钱。 5、同位语分裂情形：

An idea came to her that she might try another way. 她想到自己可以换个方式试试。

The news that I am dating is not true. 关于我正在约会的消息是不真实的。 6、同位语与定语从句的区别：

The news that he passed exam was encouraging. The news （that ）she told me was encouraging.

区别：定语从句中的that 替代先行词，在从句中做特定的成份（主语，宾语，表语），在做宾语时可以省略。

同位语从句一般只是起连接主语和从句的作用，所以不具有任何此役，不充当任何成分，that 不可以省略。 7、公式法：

That+完整句子——同位语从句。 That+不完整句子——定语从句。 二， 定语从句：

在句子里充当定语的句子，一般放在所修饰的名词等成分之后，作为后置定语的一种，相当于一个形容词。 1、关系代词：

Which，who , whom, that 和 as.

关系代词,顾名思义，必有替代的对象。

The house (that we built last year) is very attractive. ①关系限定词：which，whose

Whose 作为关系限定词是一种所有格形式，不能单独实用，必须紧跟名词。 The child (whose parents died in the car crash ) was left in the care of his grandparents.

Which做关系限定词，仅仅出现在非限定性定语从句中，意思为这个/那个，是一种指代作用，不能单独使用。

He is old, (which fact is important.) He went to America in 1980,(by which time the Cultural Revolution has just ended.)

②关系副词when, where, why 和that 关系副词代替的不仅仅是先行词，而是先行词加上介词，并在定语从句里做状语。

The day ( on which/when she arrived) was windy and chilly. (时间状语） The office (in which /where he worked) has been re-decorated.（地点状语）

The reason( for which/why she resigned) was not known. （原因状语） Could you give us more detail on the way ( in which/that you handled the crisis)? (方式状语） 2、限定性定语从句：

限定性定语从句修饰的先行词本身意义不明确，被定语从句修饰后意义才明确。 The speed (at which china’s economy has been growing in the past decade) is remarkable. The novel Gone with the Wind with which most of you are familiar) has been adapted for the screen. 3、非限定性定语从句：

对先行词限制性不强，彼此关系疏松，用逗号隔开，先行词本身意义明确，从句只是起到一个补充说明或者进一步解释的作用。在意思逻辑上，非限定性定语从句相当于并列句，甚至状语从句，翻译方法与限定性定语从句并不一致。 引导从句的关系词有：which，whose, who, whom, when, where 和 as.

I have never been to Mount Tai ,which is extremely famous in china. An elephant and a monkey fell in love, which is most unusual. He told me that he had never cheated on me, which is untrue.

The traffic might be very busy now, in which case we may be considerably delayed.

三、多重定语从句：

1、并列定语从句：

两个或者多个定语从句并列。

The owner of the house, (whose wife is dead), whose son works in New York) and (who want to go and live with him), is willing to sell the house at reduced price. 2,、复合定语从句： She had a book which she believed was bought by his father at a dear price. she has an adopted child who she says was an orphan. 3、状语从句：

修饰动词的从句，也叫做副词从句。 ①时间状语从句：

可以用when, while, as引导

when I was talking, the telephone rang. ②地点状语从句：

可以用where, everywhere, wherever 引导 Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is a life ,there is a hope. ③条件状语从句： If 引导的状语从句：

If an advertisement conveys information which is false or misleading, the

advertiser is committing an offence. ④Unless引导的状语从句： unless=if not

I will not give you money unless you return it next week. ⑤Provided (that), as long as, only if 引导的状语从句： As long as you work hard, you will succeed. ⑥目的状语从句：

In order that, so that引导

He is so selfish that his teachers and classmates dislike him intensely. In case that, for fear that, lest表示以防万一

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case that we misunderstood him. ⑦结果状语从句：

So that 或者 so……that…… Many wives shoulder the prime responsibility for running the home, so that in most families the loss of the wife is more devastating than the loss of the husband.

结果状语还可以用so……as to do The crowd is so large as to overflow the auditorium. ⑧原因状语从句：

Because, since ,as 表示原因

I couldn’t be mad at him, because I liked him so much. ⑨用 in that引导

I am in a difficult situation in that I have been offered two jobs and they both sound interesting.

Now that, seeing that, considering that, not that……but that……等 He soon discovered how much faster he could travel now that he was alone.

For也是表原因，但是引导的是表原因的并列句，而非从句。 4、让步状语从句：

①Although, though, even though ,while 引导的状语从句

I used to read a lot, although I don’t get much time for books. ②Whether or not 引导的状语从句

Whether or not people have religious faith, they can believe in the power of love.

特殊疑问词what加上ever或者no matter再加上特殊疑问词，表示无论怎样。 Whatever /no matter what you do ,you won’t win her heart. Despite, in spite of……在意思上表示让步，后面加名词。

Despite being handicapped, he never feels inferior to anyone. Much as放在句首，表让步。

Much as I admire you, I don’t think you acted wisely.

我虽然佩服你的勇气，但是我认为你这样做不明智。 5、方式状语从句

①As , in that way ,the way, like 引导

I have revised the draft of the agreement as you demand. We have to make it work the way we want it to . ②As if , as though 引导，表示好像。

It looks as if we shall have to do the work ourselves.

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