专四09年真题答案

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

46.A 47.D 48.C 49.B 50.C 61. A 62. C 63. B 64.C 65.D

2012专四真题参考答案-【完型】

31) massive 32) destroyed33) continuously 34) cause35) collides with 36) when37) However38) which 39) unpredictable 40) crust 41) burst out 42) or 43) that 44) active 45) still 46) down 47) might 48) even 49) events 50) save 2012专四真题及参考答案【语法词汇】 51-55 BDBAC 56-60ACDBC 61-65 BADCA 66-70 DBACB 71-75 BCBAD 76-80 CBADB

2012专四真题及参考答案【阅读】

81-85 CADBA 86-90 DBCAD 91-95 BADBB96-100 ADBAc

2012年英语专业四级考试真题

PART III CLOZE 【15 MIN】

Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks．Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two．

The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a (31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．It (32) ____ coastlines，communities and brought death to many people． Why do earthquakes happen?

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving(33)____ (although very slowly)and has done so for billions of years．This is one(34)____ of earthquakes，when one section of the earth (tectonic plate)(35)____ another．Scientists can predict where but not(36)____ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．On one fault line in Kobe，Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed．(37)____，earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines，(38)____ is why they are so dangerous and (39)____． Where do volcanoes happen?

Volcanoes happen where the earth's(40)____ is thin：lava，dust and gases(41)____ from beneath the earth．They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt，(42)____ they can be so violent(43)____ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．There are 1511(44)'____' volcanoes in the world．This means that they may(45)____ be dangerous．In 1985 the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted．The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud(46)____ the town below．Twenty thousand people died．Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable．We regularly do not know when they(47)____ pen，or (48)____ where they will happen．In the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict(49)____ before they happen．This could(50)____ many lives． 31．A．massive B．significant C．great D．grand

32．A．changed B．converted C．destroyed D．transformed 33．A．frequently B．continuously C．regularly D．periodically 34．A．source B．reason C．movement D．cause

35．A．collides with B．confronts with C．meets with D．faces with 36．A．how B．why C．when D．what

37．A．Generally B．However C．Similarly D．Anyway 38．A．that B．it C．this D．which

39．A．unpredictable B．unaccountable C．inevitable D．irresistible

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

40．A．surface B．appearance C．crust D．cover

41．A．flowed out B．burst out C．1eaked out D．trickled out 42．A．or B．and C．nor D．but 43．A．like B．for C．as D．that 44．A．living B．active C．alive D．live 45．A．relatively B．hardly C．still D．gradually 46．A．down B．on C．across D．beyond 47．A．are to B．should C．must D．might 48．A．else B．even C．though D．whether

49．A．accidents B．incidents C．occasions D．events 50．A．rescue B．save C．preserve D．shelter

PART IV GRAMMAR ＆VOCABULARY 【15 MIN】

There are thirty sentences in this section．Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A，B, C and D．Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence．Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two． 51．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A．Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him． B．No one except his supporters agree with him． C．Neither Julia nor I were going to the party． D．Few students in my class are really lazy．

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

52．Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?

A．many a B．few C．such D．the next

53．Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)? A，He promised himself rapid progress． B．The manager herself will interview Mary． C．I have nothing to say for myself． D．They quarreled themselves red in the face．

54．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch． A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent 55．Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS? A．By now she will be eating dinner． B．I shall never do that again．

C．My brother will help you with the luggage． D．You shall get a promotion．

56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A．How strange feelings they are! B．How dare you speak to me like that! C．What noise they are making! D. What a mess we are in!

57．which of the italicized parts functions as a subject?

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

A．We never doubt that her brother is honest． B．The problem is not who will go but who will stay． C．You must give it back to whoever it belongs to。 D．It is clear that the crime was done deliberately． 58．which of the italicized parts functions as an object? A．He doesn?t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting． B．It is no use your pretending not to know the matter． C．My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night． D．Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip． 59．All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT A．She bought herself a pair of new shoes． B．Only one problem still remains-the food． C．My friends all understand and support me． D．She liked her current job，teaching English．

60．Which of the following best explains the meaning of“Shall we buy the tickets first”? A．He said that we were going to buy the tickets first． B．He requested that we buy the tickets first． C．He suggested that we buy the tickets first． D．He advised us to buy the tickets first．

61．Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

85．In the last paragraph the author encourages people to A．continue their acts of kindness． B．behave themselves well． C．show their gratitude to others． D．stop worrying about bad manners． TEXT B

From 2007 to 2010，American households lost $l1 trillion in real estate，savings, and stocks More than half of all U．S．workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession．The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live，work，and spend—even the way they think about the future．

For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander,

Wisconsin．by his company forcing the family to move in a hurry．The couple bought a new house but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake，Minnesota．With two mortgages(抵押借款) and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn't imagine how to stretch her husband's paycheck to keep her family fed．

Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical，a forum for gardeners，many with an interest in sustainability．“The more I read and discussed these practices，the more I realized this would help not only our budget but also our health，”she says．

Cindy admits that before the recession，she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner．“I grew flowers mostly—I didn?t think about plants that weren?t visually interesting.\But to stretch her budget，she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry beds to apple trees—and as her first seedlings grew，her spirits lifted．She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver；they?re a genuine pleasure．“It?s brought us closer together as a family, too，”she says．Her kids voluntarily pitch in with(主动帮助)the garden work，and the family cooks together instead of eating out．The food tastes better —it's fresher and organic —and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose：cost cutting．Now

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

she spends about $200 to $300 a month on groceries．less than half of the $650 a month that she used to lay out．

After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times，Cindy is no longer easily discouraged．“It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,”she says．“I feel accomplished，and I'm more confident about attempting things I've never done before．\avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit，quilt，and make her own soap．\think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren?t for the recession，”she says．“I have a feeling that from now on，it will affect my family?s health and happiness for the better．\ 86．We learn from the first paragraph that the recession A．affected Americans in certain occupations． B．had great impact on Americans?work and life． C．had only brought huge losses in savings and stocks． D．is over with some of the losses recovered.

87．What made the family's financial situation even worse was that they A．moved to Rhinelander in a hurry． B．had two children to raise．

C．didn't know anyone in Rhinelander． D．couldn't sell their home in Big Lake．

88．Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A．Cindy had seen the benefits of gardening in a different way． B．Cindy had developed a hobby of gardening before the recession． C．Cindy had already had a keen interest in sustainability． D．Cindy had already planned to meet the gardeners．

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

89．In addition, Cindy views gardening as a genuine pleasure because gardening A．helped her cut living costs almost by half． B．enabled her to make her own jams． C．built up family ties and kids?enthusiasm． D．enabled her to know more about plants．

90．What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through? A．It gave the couple and their kids a tough lesson． B．It gave her confidence and optimism． C．It would come again and affect the family． D．It left a lasting psychological impact on the family． TEXT C

“I'm a little worried about my future，”said Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate．He should be so lucky．All he had to worry about was whether to have an affair with Mrs Robinson．In the sixties，that was the sum total of post-graduation anxiety syndrome．

Hoffman's modern counterparts are not so fortunate．The Mrs Robinsons aren't sitting around at home any more，seducing graduates．They are out in the workplace，doing the high-powered jobs the graduates want，but cannot get．For those fresh out of university, desperate for work but unable to get it，there is a big imbalance between supply and demand．And there is no narrowing of the gap in sight．

The latest unemployment figures show that 746,000 of 18-24 year-olds are unemployed— a record rate of 18 per cent．Many of those will have graduated this summer．They are not panicking yet，but as the job rejections mount up，they are beginning to feel alarmed．

Of course，it is easy to blame the Government and，in particular, the target that Labour has long trumpeted---50 per cent of school-leavers in higher education．That was not too smart．The

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

Government has not only failed to meet its target—the actual figure is still closer to 40 per cent— but it has raised expectations to unrealistic levels．

Parents feel as badly let down as the young people themselves．Middle-class families see their graduate offspring on the dole(救济金)queue and wonder why they bothered paying school fees．Working-class families feel an even keener sense of disappointment．For many such families，getting a child into university was the fulfillment of a lifelong dream．It represented upward social and financial mobility．It was proof that they were living in a dynamic，economically successful country．That dream does not seem so rosy now． Graduate unemployment is not，ultimately, a political problem ready to be

solved．Job-creation schemes for graduates are very low down in ministerial in-trays．If David Cameron's Conservatives had a brilliant idea for guaranteeing every graduate a well-paid job，they would have unveiled it by now．It is a social problem，though a more deep-seated social problem than people perhaps realize．

91．The author begins with an episode from The Graduate in order to A．support the fact that more women are working now．

B．show that few graduates started working right after graduation． C．demonstrate that there were much fewer graduates than now． D．emphasize the sharp contrast between now and then．

92．With regard to job opportunities for young graduates，the author sounds A．pessimistic． B．hopeful． C．indifierent． D．furious．

93．The author is ____ the Labour Government's target：50% of school leavers in higher education．

A．in favour of B．doubtful about C．strongly critical of D．mildly critical of

94．Which of the following statements about parents?feelings is CORRECT?

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

A．Working—class parents feel just as disappointed． B．Parents and their children feel equally disappointed． C．Middle—class parents feel more disappointed． D．Parents feel more disappointed than their children． 95．Towards the end of the passage，the author implies that A．there will be job-creation schemes for graduates． B．graduate unemployment is more of a political issue． C．graduate unemployment is both a political and a social issue． D．the Conservatives are doing far from enough to solve the issue． TEXT D

No matter how many times you have seen images of the golden mask of boyking Tutankhamen，come face to face with it in Egypt's Cairo museum，and you will suck in your breath．

It was on Nov 4，1923，that British archaeologist Howard Carter stumbled on a stone at the base of the tomb of another pharaoh(法老)in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway． Then，on Nov 23，Carter found a second door and when he stuck his head through it，what he saw was to stun the world．Inside lay the great stone coffin，enclosing three chests of gilded wood．

A few months later, when a crane lifted its granite cover and one coffin after another was removed, Carter found a solid block of gold weighing 110kg．In it was the mummy(木乃伊) of the 19-year-old Tutankhamen，covered in gold with that splendid funeral mask．And all this lay buried for more than 3,000 years．

Months after my trip to Egypt, I can relive the rush of emotion I felt and sense the hush that descended on the crammed Cairo museum's Tutankhamen gallery．

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

Cairo，a dusty city of 20 million people，is a place where time seems to both stand still and rush into utter chaos．It is a place where the ancient and contemporary happily go along on parallel tracks．

Take the Great Pyramids of Giza，sitting on the western edge of the city．Even as the setting sun silhouettes these gigantic structures against the great desert expanse，a call for prayer floats over semi-finished apartment blocks filled with the activity of city life．

While careful planning for the afterlife may lie buried underground in Cairo，it is noise and confusion on the streets．Donkey carts battle for space with pedestrians and the only operative road rule is“might is right．”But it is a city that is full of life—from the small roadside restaurants to the coffee shops where men and women smoke the shisha(水烟壶)．

Donkey carts piled high with flat-breads magically find their way in and out the maddening traffic；young women in long skirts and headscarves hold hands with young men in open collar shirts，while conversations dwell on Kuwait's chances at the soccer World Cup． 96．According to the context,“suck in your breath”means“feel a sense of ____\． A．awe B．horror C．doubt D．delight

97．Which of the following statements about the discovery of the mummy is INCORRECT? A．The mummy was first discovered by a British archaeologist． B．The discovery of the mummy came as a surprise． C．The mummy was found lying right inside the stone coffin． D．The masked mummy was covered in gold．

98．Which word CANNOT be used to describe the city of Cairo? A．Crowdedness． B．Quiet． C．Noise． D．Confusion． 99．Which pair of words/phrases indicates contrast? A．Gigantic structure；great desert expanse

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

B．A call for prayer；men and women with the shisha C．Chaos；maddening D．Coffee shops；pyramids

100．What is the author's attitude towards Cairo?

A．Positive． B．Objective． C．Negative． D. Not clear

2012专四语法与词汇参考答案：

51．B．No one except his supporters agree with him 或C．Neither Juila nor I were going to the party

考点：主谓一致问题 52．限定词可以放在可数名词单复数之前 答案：C．such 53．反身代词做同位语 答案：B．The manager herself will interview Mary． 54．答案：A．be sent虚拟语气 55．表达willingness的句子 答案：C．My brother will help you with your luggage．

56．哪句语法有错？ 答案：A．How strange feelings they are! 大家应该知道what 和 how 用于感叹句时的区别 57．下面哪个做主语 subject 答案：D．It is clear that the crime was done deliberately 主语从句 58．下面哪个做宾语 object 答案：C．My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night59．下面哪一个不包含同位语appositive 答案：Ａ．She bought herself a pair of shoes．60．Shall we buy the tickets first? 答案：C．He suggested that we buy the tickets first． 61．原因状语从句 an adverbial clause of cause 答案： As there were no answer，I wrote again． 62．状语 adverbial 答案：Ｄ．Despite the rain，everyone enjoyed the trip． 63．答案：A．so I did．64．让步状语从句 an adverbial of concession 答案：For all that he seems to dislike me，I still like him．65．答案：B．There machinery were introduced in the factory．集体名词如police，people，cattle，militia，poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。foliage，machinery，equipment，furniture，merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China．

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

66．答案：B，on account of = because of 67．D．banquet (wedding banquet 婚宴)

68．C．caught on (catch on 流行) 69．A．That outburst was illustrative of her bad temper．

70．D．be badly off 穷困，缺少 71．A．uncaring (=indifferent) 误导项disinterested一般指公正无私 72．C．within living memory 73．B．putting across (=express) 74．D．service （饭菜不错，服务很差） 75．A．abolished (slavery)（废除奴隶制度） 76．C．fortunately (=mercifully) (上帝仁慈所以幸运) 77．B．tossed (a coin)（抛一枚硬币） 78．A．distinct (from) （be distinct from 与…非常不同）79．C．oblong (长方形) 80．B．quiet (have a quiet word with sb．单独或私下和某人说说话)

2012专四写作真题解析:

First，you should tell what you know about the festival．Second，you should describe how you or other people usually observe the festival．很多同学纠结于oberserve这个单词所是遵守的意思，其实在这里指的是celebrate庆祝的意思。建议大家这样写：1．端午节大概的来历故事；2．端午节怎么庆祝，3，可以发表下对端午节等传统节日现状的评论。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)

— GRADE FOUR— TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN

PART 3 CLOZE 15 MIN

Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: without it, it (31) _____ not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; (32) _____ the workers in government offices who (33) _____ our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves. (34) _____ taxation, we pay for things that we need just (35) _____ we need somewhere to live and something to eat. But (36) _____ everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about (37)____ taxation should be arranged.

In most countries, a direct tax on (38) _____, which is called income tax, (39) _____. It is arranged in such (40)______ that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows (41) ____ as the taxpayer's income grows. In some countries, for example, the tax on the richest people (42)______ as high as ninety-five per cent! (43) _____ countries with taxation nearly (44) _____ have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties.” Of course, it is the men a

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

nd women who buy these imported things in the shops (45)______ really have to pay the duties, in the (46) ______ of higher prices. In some countries, (47) _____, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is (48) ____ but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things (49)___ jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is obtained but the tax is (50) ______ as the rich pay it.

Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement. 31. A. can B. may C. could D. would 32. A. nor B. neither C. never D. not

33.A. look into B. look over C. look over D. look through

34.A. In accordance with B. By means of C. With reference to D. On account of 35. A. as well as B. as good as C. as such as D. as much as 36. A. if B. when C. though D. as 37. A. when B. how C. why D. which 38. A. personst B. sectors C. communities D. classes 39.A. remains B. stays C. exists D. happens 40.A. form B. way C. measure D. method 41. A. quicker B. speedier C. more D. larger 42. A. grows up B. increases up C. goes up D. lifts up 43. A. But B. Consequently C. Similarly D. And 44.A. periodically B. almost C. often D. always 45. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 46. A. manner B. form C. means D. way 47.A. either B. also C. too D. often 48. A. lent B. saved C. borrowed D. collected 49. A. alike B. like C. as D. for 50.A. heavier B. fairer C. finer D. better

PART 4 GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 15 MIN

51. Facing the board of directors, he didn?t deny ________ breaking the agreement. A. him B. it C. his D. its

52. Xinchun returned from aboard a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) ______.

A. appositive (同位语) B. object C. adverbial D. complement.

53. Which of the following is a compound word (复合词)? ______.

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

A. Nonsmoker. B. Deadline. C. Meanness. D. Misfit.

54. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? ______. A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o?clock?

B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro. C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights. D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.

55. The following determiners(限定词) can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT ______. A. more B. enough. C. many. D. such.

56. Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST? ______. A. She opened the door and quietly went in.

B. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports. C. Think it over again and you?ll get an answer. D. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don't like this.

57. Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词)? ______. A. Much. B. Neither. C. One. D. Quarter.

58. All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPT ______. A. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four. B. The President is coming to the UN next week. C. The school pupils will be home by now.

D. He is going to email me the necessary information.

59. Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT? ______. A. Politics are the art or science of government. B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.

60. Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship? ______.

A. The arrival of the tourists B. The law of Newton

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

C. The occupation of the island D. The plays of Oscar Wilde

61. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? ______. A. He is not the man to draw back. B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie. C. Larry has a large family to support. D. There is really nothing to fear.

62. Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence? ______. A. Let me drive you home, shall I? B. You will mind your own business! C. Come and have dinner with us. D. I wish you could stay behind. ?

63. If it ______ tomorrow, the match would be put off. A. were to rain B. was to rain C. was raining D. had rained

64. Which of the following sentences expresses a fact? ______. A. Mary and her son must be home by now. B.Careless reading must give poor results. C. It?s getting late, and I must leave now. D. He must be working late at the office.

65. The following are all dynamic verbs(动态动词) EXCEPT ______. A. remain. B. turn. C. write. D. knock.

66. ____ to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.

A. Adhering B. Adopting C.Adjusting D. Acquainting

67. He is fed up with the same old dreary routine, and wants to quit his job. The underlined part

means _________. A. dull B. boring C. long D. hard

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68. At last night?s party Larry said something that I though was beyond me. The underlined

part means ________. A. I was unable to do C. I was unable to stop B. I couldn?t understand D. I couldn?t tolerate

69. The couple ______their old house and sold it for a vast profit.

A. did for B. did in C.did with D. did up

70. Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the ____ for herself.

A. credit B. attention C. focus D. award

71. The child nodded, apparently content with his mother?s promise. The underlined part

means _________.

A. as far as one has learnt B. as far as one is concerned C. as far as one can see D. as far as one is told

72. The ________ that sport builds character is well accepted by people nowadays. A. issue B. argument C. point D. sentence

73. Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite care over her work. The underlined part means ________. A. limited B. unnecessary C. overdue

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D. much

74. The new measure will reduce the chance of serious injury in the event of an accident.

The underlined part means _________. A. if an accident happens

B. if an accident can be prevented C. before an accident D. during an accident

75. Traditionally, local midwives would ________ all the babies in the area. A. handle B. produce C. deliver D. help

76. No food or drink is allowed on the premises. The underlined part means ________.

A. proposition B. advertisement C. building D. street

77. The court would not accept his appeal unless ________ evidence is provided. A. conclusive B. definite C. eventual D. concluding

78. As soon as he opened the door, a ________ of cold air swept through the house. A. flow

B. movement C. rush D. blast

79. She really wanted to say something at the meeting, but eventually ________ from it.

A. prevented B. refrained C. limited D. restricted

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80. The couple told the decorator that they wanted their bedroom gaily painted. The underlined part means _________. A. brightly

B. light-heartedly C. cheerfully D. lightly

PART V READING COMPREHENSION 25 MIN

In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.

TEXT A

The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication - but none can replace the role of a great speech.

The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something. Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.

Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in

Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action. Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people's hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.

A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way.（流行病）announced, the idea of “swine flu” many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.

Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna's speech about Michael Jackson,after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.

It's not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.

If you?re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of

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your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk（鼓舞士气的讲话） before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.

On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be

asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.

Great speaking ability is not something we're born with. Even Barack Obama works hard

to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.

81. The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because ______. A. it has always been used to inspire or persuade people. B. it has a big role to play in the entertainment business. C. it plays important roles in human communication. D. it is of great use in everyday-life context.

82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking? _____

A. Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems. B. Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics. C. The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers' speeches. D. Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.

83. Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT ______. A. to convince people in a debate. B. to inform people at a presentation. C. to advise people at work.

D. to entertain people at a wedding.

84. According to the passage, which of the following best explains the author's view on ______ “great speaking ability”? A. It comes from observing rules. B. It can be perfected with easy effort. C. It can be acquired from birth.

D. It comes from learning and practice.

85. What is the main idea of the passage? ______. A. Public speaking in international forums. B. The many uses of public speaking.

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C. Public speaking in daily life context. D. The rules of public speaking. TEXT B

Every business needs two things, says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden: inspiration and desperation. In 2001, Alden had both. He'd sold two snowboarding businesses, and he was desperately bored. But he had an idea: He wanted to make a new kind of headphone. “I kept seeing people missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music,” he explains. Then I'm in a chairlift, I've got my headphones on, and I realize my phone is ringing. As 1 take my gloves off and reach for my phone, I think, “It can't be that tough to make headphones with two plugs, one for music and one for your cell phone.” Alden described what he wanted to a designer, perfected a prototype, and outsourced（外包）manufacturing overseas.

Alden then started designing headphones into helmets, backpacks - anywhere that would make it easy to listen to music while snowboarding. “Selling into board and skate shops wasn't a big research effort,” he explains. “Those were the only guys I knew!”

Alden didn?t want to be a manufacturer. And by outsourcing, he'd hoped he could get the

business off the ground without debt. But he was wrong. So he asked his wife, “Can I put a

（抵押贷款） on the house? She said, ?What is the worst thing that can happen? We lose the house, we sell our cars, and we start all over again.? I definitely married the right

woman!”

For the next two years, Alden juggled mortgage payments and payments to his manufacturers. “Factories won't ship your product till they get paid,” he says. “But it takes four or five months to get a mortgage company so upset that they knock on your door. So we paid the factory first.”

Gradually, non-snowboarders began to notice the colorful headphones. In 2006, the company started selling them in 1,400 FYE (For Your Entertainment) stores. “We knew that nine out often people walking into that store would be learning about Skullcandy for the first time. Why would they look at brands they knew and take home a new brand instead? We had agreed to buy back anything we didn?t sell, but we were dealing with huge numbers. It?d kill us to take back all the products

Alden?s fears faded as Skullcandy became the No. 1 headphone seller in those stores and

tripled its revenue to $120 million in one year. His key insight was that headphones weren?t

gadgets; they were a fashion accessory. “In the beginning,” he says, “that little white

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wire that said you had an iPod ---that was cool. But now wearing the white bud means you?re just like everyone else. Headphones occupy this critical piece of cranial real estate and are highly visible.”

Today, Skullcandy is America's second-largest headphone supplier, after Sony. With 79 employees, the company is bigger than Alden ever imagined.

86. Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because he ______. A. was no longer in snowboarding business. B. had no other business opportunities. C. was very fond of modern music.

D. saw an inconvenience among mobile users.

87. The new headphone was originally designed for ______. A. snowboarders. B. motorcyclists. C. mountain hikers. D. marathon runners.

88. Did Alden solve the money problem? ______. A. He sold his house and his cars.

B. Factories could ship products before being paid. C. He borrowed money from a mortgage company. D. He borrowed money from his wife's family.

89. What did Alden do to promote sales in FYE stores? ______. A. He spent more money on product advertising. B. He promised to buy back products not sold. C. He agreed to sell products at a discount.

D. He improved the colour design of the product. 90. Alden sees headphones as ______. A. a sign of self-confidence. B. a symbol of status. C. part of fashion. D. a kind of device.

TEXT C

I was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my friend Taj called. “Sit down,” she said. I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from hell. I

laughed and said, “It can't be that bad.”

But it was. Before the phone call, I had 30 years of retirement saving in a “safe” fund with a

brilliant financial guru（金融大亨）.When I put down the phone, my savings were

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gone. I felt as if I had died and, for some unknown reason, was still breathing.

Since Bernie Madoff?s arrest on charges of running a $65 million Ponzi scheme, I've

read many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on. I wish I

could say I had reservations about Madoff before “the Call”, but I did not.

On New Year's Eve, three weeks after we lost our savings, six of us Madoff people gathered at

Taj's house for dinner. As we were sitting around the table, someone asked, “If you could have

your money back right now, but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losing it,

would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?”

My husband was still in financial shock. He said, “I just want the money back.” I wasn't certain where I stood. I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open. I?d been walking around like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost: always focused on the bite that was yet to come, not the one in my mouth. No matter how much I ate or had or experienced, it didn?t satisfy me, because I wasn?t really taking it in, wasn't absorbing it. Now I was forced to pay attention. Still, I couldn't honestly say that if someone had offered me the money back, I would turn it down.

But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable, and

they didn?t think it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability being

ripped out from underneath them.

My friend Michael said,I?d started to get complacent. It?s as if the muscles of my heart started to atrophy（萎缩）. Now they?re awake, alive—and I don?t want to go back.” Theseweren?t

just empty words. Michael and his wife needed to take in boarders to meet their expenses. Taj was so broke that she was moving into someone?s garage apartment in three weeks. Three friends had declared bankruptcy and weren't sure where or how they were going to live.

91. What did the author learn from Taj?s call? A. had got an awful haircut.

B. They had lost their retirement savings. C. Taj had just retired from work. D. They were going to meet for lunch.

92. How did the author feel in the following weeks?

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A. Angry.

B. Disappointed. C. Indifferent. D. Desperate.

93. According to the passage, to which was she “forced to pay attention”? A. Her friends. B. Her husband. C. Her lost savings. D. Her experience.

94. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about her friends? A. Her friends valued their experience more. B. Her friends felt the same as she did.

C. Her friends were in a better financial situation. D Her friends were more optimistic than she.

95. What is the message of the passage? A. Desire for money is human nature. B. One has to be decisive during crises.

C. Understanding gained is more important than money lost. D. It is natural to see varied responses to financial crises.

TEXT D

In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.

These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can?t change your behaviour by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it.

Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It's more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you're a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you?ll probably do so, too.

The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we

know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not

simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control. Much of our behaviour, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at

Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by

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habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward.

You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that'll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don?t try to ignore your afternoon snack

craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk. Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate

the neural（神经系统的）networks inside.

To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your

own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise

strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You're trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.

This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed

by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and

strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness. If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you're probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don?t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.

96. Which of the following is a key element in the 19th-century character model? A. Passion. B. Action. C. Capability. D. Determination.

97. The 19th-century model supposedly does not work because ______. A. there were many other factors beyond one's control. B. it has worked unsatisfactorily most of the time. C. the comparison of free will to a dam is groundless. D. what one wishes to do should be considered carefully.

98. What is the main implication of the research at Duke University? A. Habit is key to one's behaviour.

B. One's behaviour is difficult to change. C. Both habit and will power are important. D. Habit has an unidentified structure.

99. According to the new character model, personal behaviour could be altered throug

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h ______.

A. cues to stop all the former unconscious habits. B. cues to manipulate the habitual neural responses. C. techniques to devise different physical cues. D. techniques to supplement old routines.

100. We learn from the passage that the new character model ______. A. stresses the neural and psychological aspects of habit change. B. can bring about changes in one's life like what advertisers do. C. has been used to change behaviour successfully. D. deals better with emotional aspects of behaviour. PART VI WRITING

SECTION A COMPOSITION 45 MIN

Most of us, as students, are careful with our money in daily life: we collect all kinds of coupons;

we look for group-buy deals if we eat out or travel; we don't buy clothes unless in a sale. However, some people think that all this may not make us smart consumers. What is your opinion?

Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words. You are to write in three parts.

In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.

In the second part, provide one or two reasons or your experience (s) to support your opinion.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

You should supply an appropriate title for your composition.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness.

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN]

Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:

Your former high-school classmate (Mathew or Grace) is coming to visit you in the dorm. But, you have got something urgent to do and thus cannot wait for him/her there. Leave a note on the door, expressing your apology and telling him/her how to find you. You must make clear where you are in the note.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. 附：【答案详解】 PART 3 CLOZE

31-40 DACBD CBACB 41-50 DCADB BCDBB

PART 4 GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY

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51—55 CDBAC 56—60 BDCAA 61—65 BBACA 66—70 CABDA 71—75 CBDAC 76—80 CADBA PART 5 READING COMPREHENSION 81-85 CACDB 86-90 DACBC 91-95 BDDAC 96-100 DAACA

PART 6 WRITING

SECTION A COMPOSITION

The advantages of being careful with money in daily life

Nowadays, there is a hot debate on whether people, including students should be careful with their money in their daily life since they try their best to save money. Some people think it is not good to do so because this may not make people smart consumers. But in my eyes, the advantages of being careful with money in daily life outweigh the disadvantages.

First, being careful with money is a virtue that can always benefit people. Being thrifty is of great help, especially when the economic status around the world is not very good and it becomes harder to earn money than before. A good habit of being careful with money will help many people go through this difficult period or any other difficult financial situation in their life. People with this awareness will think carefully before deciding to buy anything. For students, this awareness is also of great help since they mainly depend on their parents for financial supports. When they keep this awareness in their mind, they will definitely avoid wasting money.

Secondly, being careful with money is, in fact, a good way of practicing how to manage

one's money. In current society, it is necessary to learn something about finance. But theories are usually hard to learn. In contrast, most people can learn quickly by practicing. Being careful with money means an efficient use of money, which, in essence, equals to part of the job of a financial planner. Being careful with money can teach people to make best use of their money.

It is true that being too careful with money may have some disadvantages; for example, it may cause people to ignore other aspects of commodities. But overall this behavior is good and has its reality basis. Money-consciousness is always needed in the market-oriented economy.

SECTION B

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April 20

Dear Mathew,

I'm writing to show my apology for being unable to wait for you in my dorm. I'm really sorry but I have something urgent to do. You can come to Room 1003, No. 3 Teaching Building to find me. The map on the back of the note will help you. I'll wait for you there.

Yours,

Tom

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全国2012年4月自考英美文学选读试题及选择答案

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 日语考研等

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