化工与环境学院 - 谢朝锋 - 201105460024 - 壳聚糖季铵盐的合成及应用研究

潍坊科技学院

本科毕业设计（论文）

题 目 壳聚糖季铵盐的合成及应用研究

院（系） 化工与环境学院 专业 化学工程与工艺

学 号 201105460024 学生姓名 谢朝锋 指导教师 李 斌

起讫日期 2014年12月1日-2015年6月1日

设计地点 潍坊科技学院

内容摘要

壳聚糖无毒、具有生物降解性以及碱性，是一种天然环保的多糖产品，还具有特殊的生物相容性和安全性等优良特性。由此，使壳聚糖被各个行业广泛应用。但由于壳聚糖水溶性差等性质，远不能更好的应用于工业中。为了提高壳聚糖的溶解度，对壳聚糖进行了化学修饰，使壳聚糖季铵盐克服了其水溶性差等各种不利性质。壳聚糖季铵盐不仅继承着壳聚糖的性质，而且很多工业企业正着手对它及其衍生物进行研发。就目前来说，它具有抗菌性、絮凝性、止血性等各种特殊性质，再加上其结构的特殊性，研究人员利用其结构同时具有氨基和羧基这一性质，展开了实验，合成了多种壳聚糖衍生物，其中壳聚糖季铵盐是提高壳聚糖性能的重要方向之一。本论文对2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖、N-长烷基壳聚糖季铵盐的合成及应用做出了较深入的分析和研究。

关键词：壳聚糖 壳聚糖季铵盐 N-烷基化

I

Abstract

Chitosan is non-toxic, it has biodegradability and alkaline, and it’s a kind of natural polysaccharide products of environmental protection, as well as it has excellent characteristics of compatibility and safety of special biological. Thus it can be seen, This makes the chitosan has been widely used in various industries. But due to poor water solubility, chitosan properties make it is far from being a better application in the industry. In order to improve the solubility of chitosan, quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan and chitosan was modified to overcome its poor water solubility and other unfavorable properties. Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt not only inherits the properties of chitosan, and a lot of industrial enterprises is working on it and its derivatives in research and development. In the present circumstances, it has antibacterial, flocculation, check hemorrhagic and other special qualities and so on. Coupled with the Chitosan’s a special structure, the researchers used the structure at the same time hasing amino and carboxyl of this nature, did experiment, synthesized a variety of chitosan derivatives. Whereby,the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan is the important direction to improve the performance of Chitosan. In this paper, we made a more in-depth analysis and research for the synthesis and application of 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan and long N - alkyl quaternary ammonium salt.

Keywords: chitosan quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan N-alkylation

II

目录

内容摘要 ................................................................ I Abstract ............................................................... II 第一章 前言 ............................................................ 1

1.1引言 ............................................................. 1 1.2文献综述 ......................................................... 1

1.2.1壳聚糖的发展过程 ........................................... 1 1.2.2壳聚糖结构及性质 ........................................... 2 1.2.3 壳聚糖的研究现状 .......................................... 3

第二章 壳聚糖季铵盐的合成及应用研究 ..................................... 7

2.1.引言 ............................................................ 7 2.2.实验部分 ........................................................ 8

2.2.1.实验试剂 .................................................. 8 2.2.2 实验仪器 .................................................. 8 2.2.3 实验方法 .................................................. 8 2.3 壳聚糖季铵盐的性质测定 .......................................... 8

2.3.1 溶解性测定 ................................................ 9 2.3.2 抗菌性能测定 .............................................. 9 2.4 结果与讨论 ...................................................... 9

2.4.1 壳聚糖季铵盐的合成条件 .................................... 9 2.4.2 壳聚糖季铵盐的合成结果 ................................... 11

第三章 结论 ............................................................ 13 参考文献 ............................................................... 14 致谢 ................................................................... 15

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