2013年职称英语等级考试用书理工类(word版)

2013年职称英语等级考试理工类新增加部分已修改。

第一部分词汇选项

词汇1-10

第二部分阅读判断

第一篇Inventor of LED

第二篇E1 Nino

第三篇Smoking

第四篇Engineering Ethics

第五篇Recue Platform

第六篇Microchip Research Center Created

第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England

第八篇Easy Learning

第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude

第十篇Irish Dolhpins May Have a Unique Dialect

第十一篇*Computer Mouse

第十二篇*Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake

第十三篇+The Northern Lights

第十四篇+Biodiesel

第十五篇+Image Martian Dust Particles

第三部分概括大意和完成句子

第一篇More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing

第二篇Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination

第三篇Icy Microbes

第四篇Compact Disks

第五篇LED Lighting

第六篇How We Form First Impression

第七篇Screen Test

第八篇The Mir Space Station

第九篇More Rural Research Is Needed

第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language

第十一篇*The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World

第十二篇*A Strong Greenhouse Gas

第十三篇+Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu

第十四篇+The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen

第十五篇+Maglev Trains

第四部阅读理解

第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles

第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 第三篇 Citizen Scientists

第四篇 Motoring Technology

第五篇 Late-Night Drinking

第六篇 Making Light of Sleep

第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones

第八篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful

第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine

第十篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers

第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach

第十二篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass

第十三篇 Invisibility Ring

第十四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers

第十五篇 Winged Robot Learns to Fly

第十六篇 Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth

第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet

第十八篇 Thirst for Oil

第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience

第二十篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep

第二十一篇 Plant Gas

第二十二篇 Snowflakes

第二十三篇 Powering a City? It's a Breeze.

第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe

第二十五篇 Eat to Live

第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently

第二十七篇 Driven to Distraction

第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories

第二十九篇 Food Fright

第三十篇 Digital Realm

*第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina

*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine

*第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive

*第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses

*第三十五篇 Putting Plants to work

*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning

*第三十七篇 "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning

*第三十八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan

*第三十九篇 Clone Farm

*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety

+第四十一篇 Too Little for Global Warming

+第四十二篇 Renewable Energy Sources

+第四十三篇 Forecasting Methods

+第四十四篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed

+第四十五篇 Small But Wise

+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"

+第四十七篇 Listening to Birdsong

+第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright

+第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars

+第五十篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities

第一篇至第三十篇为C级，第三十一篇至第四十篇为B级，第四十一篇至第五十篇为A级

第五部分补全短文

第一篇 Mobile phones

第二篇The World’s Longest Bridge

第三篇 Reinventing the Table

第四篇Don’t Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet

第五篇 The Magic of Sound

第六篇 Dung to Death

第七篇 Time in the Animal World

第八篇 Watching Microcurrents Flow

第九篇 Heat Is killer

第十篇 High Dive

第十一篇*Virtual Driver

第十二篇*Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills

第十三篇+Sleeping Giant

第十四篇+Robotic Highway Cones

第十五篇+The Arctic Ice Is Thawing

第六部分完型填空

第一篇 Captain Cook Arrow Legend

第二篇 Avalanche and Its Safety

第三篇Giant Structures

第四篇 Animal's "Sixth Sense"

第五篇 Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind

第六篇 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely

第七篇 An Intelligent Car

第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures

第九篇 Wonder Webs

第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness

*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities

*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk

+第十三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light

+第十四篇 Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters

+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage

目录说明：

本书目录中未加符号标的文章难度相当于C级考试水平，供报考C级考试的学员阅读；标有“*”的文章相当于B级考试水平；标有“+”的文章，相当于A级考试水平。我们希望，报考B级的学员同时阅读未加标注的文章，报考A级的学员同时阅读标有“*”的文章。

涂颜色部分为2011年教材新增文章（与2010年教材对比）

第一部分词汇选项

下面共有10组词汇学习，每一组词汇学习有15道小题。在每道题的句子里都有1个词或短语划有底横线。请在4个选项中找出与加底线的词或短语意义昀相近的一项。

词汇学习1：

1. Will you please call my husband as soon as possible? A contact B consult C phone D visit

2. We?ll give every teacher space to develop. A chance B employment C room D opportunity

3. I have to go at once. A soon B immediately C now D early

4. The policeman asked him to identify the thief. A name B distinguish C capture D separate

5. We were all there when the accident occurred. A happened B broke C spread D appeared

6. It took me exactly a week to complete the work. A do B achieve C improve D finish

7. The herb medicine eventually cured her disease. A nicely B apparently C finally D naturally

8. We had a long conversation about her parents. A talk B speech C debate D discussion

9. Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting. A go to B prepare for C speak to D do to

10. He have made up his mind to give up smoking. A tried B attempted C agreed D decided

11. Your teacher will take your illness into account when marking your exams. A calculation B computation C consideration D assessment

12. We have to put up with her behavior. A tolerate B accept C swallow D take

13. They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning. A ended B abandoned C built D strengthen

14. I seldom watch TV. A rarely B frequently C normally D occasionally

15. The dentist has decided to take out the girl?s bad tooth. A dig B draw C pull D extract

词汇学习2：

1. America?s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research.

A encouraged

B endangered

C endorsed

D enlarged

*

2. Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War.

A baggage

B orphanage

C reportage

D usage

3. Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. A inadequately B hardly C faintly D sufficiently *

4. “I?m not meddling,” Mary said mildly. “I?m just curious.” A gently B shyly C weakly D sweetly

5. In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union. A strange B certain C inconsistent D proper

6. Many of novelist Carson McCullers? characters are isolated, disappointed people. A solitary B gloomy C feeble D frugal

7. The workers finally called off the strike. A put off B ended C cancelled D participated in

8. John ha made up his mind not to go to the meeting. A wanted B promised C decided D agreed

9. I catch cold now and then. A always B occasionally C constantly D regularly

10. He often finds fault with my work. A criticizes B praises C evaluates D talks about

11. The little girl grasped her mother?s arm as she crossed the street.

A understood

B had a hold over

C took hold of

D left hold of

12. In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.

A thought

B mind

C account

D memory

*

13. I can no longer tolerate his actions. A put up with B accept C take D suffer from

14. The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man. A left B given up C turned down D refused

15. Have you talked to her lately? A lastly B shortly C recently D immediately

词汇学习3：

·

1. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.

A expressive

B physical

C exaggerated

D dubious

+

3. Many residents of apartment complexes object to noisy neighbors, A managers B occupants C landlords D caretakers

*

excessively D exceptionally

5. Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches. A disrupt B diagnose C evaporate D cure

·

6. John Hanson helped draft instructions for Maryland?s delegates to the Stamp Act Congress. A clarify B formulate C

revise D contribute

7. Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory of

soundless codes. A Simultaneously B Almost C Absolutely D Basically

8. Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state. A regularly B accidentally C sometimes D successfully

9. When doves are about two weeks old, they are covered with grey feathers and are ready to try their wings. A grow B wrap C hide D test

10. I rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car. A normally B seldom C continuously D usually

*

l l. When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted. A willingly B suddenly C firmly D quickly

·

12. The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. A take out B repair C pull D dig

13. You must shine your shoes. A lighten B clean C wash D polish

*

14. The majority of people around here are decent people. A honest B rich C good-looking D high-ranking

·

15. A deadly disease has affected these animals. A contagious B serious C fatal D worrying

词汇学习4：

1. Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality. A demand B rely on C prepare for D create

2. Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in

grain prices. A slight B surprising C sudden D harmful

3. Cement was seldom used in building, during the Middle Ages. A crudely B rarely C originally D symbolically

4. Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. A velocities B impulses C ratios D atrocities

5. The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician. A doctor B professor C physicist D resident

6. Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized brunches. A conventionally

B obviously

C especially

D inevitably

7. We shall take the treasure away to a safe place. A clean B pretty C distant D secure

8. An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State.

A a unity

B a pision

C an embassy

D an invasion

*9. The child?s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.

A had

B frightening

C repeated

D unusual

+10. There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.

A a steady

B a plentiful

C an extra

D a meager

+11. In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.

A step up

B decrease

C stop

D control

+12. Gas does accumulate in the mines around here.

A increase

B spread

C collect

D grow

13. Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.

A assign

B persuade

C ask

D order

A simple

B

C beautiful

D foolish

+15. We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert land.

A hairless

B bare

C empty

D bald

词汇学习5：

1. They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years.

A dreadful

B bad

C unpleasant

D poor

2. I wasn?t qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow.

A besides

B anyway

C well

D anymore

3. He achieved success through hard work.

A reached

B reaped

C attained

D took

A capacities

B strengths

C possibilities

5. The army should have operated in conjunction with

A together

B in succession

C in alliance

D in connection

6. His claims seem credible to many people.

A workable

B convincing

C practical

D reliable

7. Jack is a diligent worker. 杰克是一个勤奋的员工。

A ambitious

B lazy

C hardworking

D clever

8. Society is now much more perse than ever before.

A colorful

B attractive

C flexible灵活的

D varied

+9. Their interpretation was faulty.

A wrong

B ambiguous

C unclear

D unbelievable

+10. These old buildings are gorgeous.

A ridiculous

B lovely

C magnificent

D peculiar

11. Contact your doctor if the cough persists. A insists B perseveres C continues D resists

12. The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing. A fight B abolish C remove D control

+

13. They scattered after dinner. A separated B fled C departed D spread

+

14. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just ridiculous. A position B point of view C knowledge D opinion

+

15. The story was touching. A inspiring B boring C moving D frightening

词汇学习6：

*

1. With immense relief, I stopped running. A much B enormous C little D extensive

·

2. The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data. A build up B put up C make up D dear up

·

3. When Jack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane. A skipped B passed C reached D led

*

4. Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. A possible B profitable C easy D wise *

5. Data from Voyager Ⅱhave presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists. A problem B mystery C question D point

*

6. He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee. A spread B open C show D examine

*

7. Why can?t you stop your eternal complaining! A everlasting B long C monotonous D lengthy

+

8. This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South. A describes B draws C writes D introduces

+

9. The telephone system is no longer operative. A running B moving C rotating D working

+

10. Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. A shaken B fallen C damaged D trembled

+

11. The latest car model embodies many new improvements. A consists of B includes C makes up D marks

+

12. Thick clouds obscured the stars from view. A darkened B held C blackened D prevent

+

13. The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out into the street. A disallow B reduce C prevent D confine

+

14. The discovery was sensational.

A sexy

B surprising

C exceptional

D exciting

+

15. After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour.

A walk

B rest

C bath

D breath

词汇学习7：

1. Loud noises can be annoying. A hateful B painful C horrifying D irritating

·

2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified. A sufficiently B noticeably C intentionally D absolutely

*

3. The Constitution?s vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change. A imprecise B concise C unpolished D elementary

4. The expedition reached the summit at 10: 30 that morning.

A top of the mountain C starting point

B bottom of the mountain D site

+

5. The latest census is encouraging.

A count

B statement

C agreement

D estimate

+

6. Academic r ecords from other institutions often become part of a university?s official file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated.

A borrowed

B purchased

C copied

D rewritten

7. While serving in the Senate in the early 1970?s, Barbara Jordan supp orted legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems. A list B forbid C handle D investigate

*

8. Gambling is lawful in Nevada. A legal B irresistible C enjoyable D profitable

*

9. They always mock me because I am ugly. A smile at B look down on C belittle D laugh at

*

10. These are our motives for doing it. A reasons B arguments C targets D stimuli

*

11. It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area. A noticeably B remarkably C particularly D significantly

*

12. His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married. A forgotten B failed C deleted D left out

+

13. Many of their ideas are being incorporated into orthodox medical treatment. A acceptable B conservative C western D conventional

+

14. Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous. A unheard of B unacceptable C unbelievable D ridiculous

15. Guests were scared when the bomb exploded. A frightened B killed C endangered D rescued

词汇学习8：

+

1. Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960. A published B challenged C acclaimed D guided

2. He was one of the principal organizers of the association. A planners B employees C actors D recipients

+

+

4. This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur.

A drying up C being exported

B dying out D being transplanted

+

+

6. During the Second World War, all important resources in the U. S. were allocated by the federal government.

A nationalized

B commandeered

C taxed

D distributed

*

7. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.

A very strong

B very long

C very great

D very fast

*

8. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.

A elegantly

B genuinely

C intentionally

D thoroughly

+

9. The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. A encouraged B enforced C expected D entitled

10. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European

A stated firmly C thought seriously

B argued light-mindedly D announced regrettably

11. Smoking is not permitted in the office.

A probable

B possible

C admitted

D allowed

12. The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.

A stated

B declared

C suggested

D announced

13. I feel regret about what?s happened.

A sorry

B disappointed

C shameful

D disheartened

14. She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis.

A lived on

B depended on

C lived off

D believed in

15. John removed his overcoat.

A took Away

B left aside

C took off

D washed off

词汇学习9：

1. Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement

to provide an improved learning environment for children. A an easy B a playful C an open D a better

2. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance. A beats B matches C maintains D announces

3. The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.

A demanded

B elicited

C extracted

D defied *

4. Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as Al

Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.

A violent criminals C musicians

B politicians D industrialists

5. The towers of a suspension bridge serve as n rigid framework to which the cables are attached. A boundary B skeleton C enclosure D material *

6. The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers. A protection B indication C immunity D danger *

7. Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.

A error

B function

C attraction

D miracle *8. The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely.

A compactly

B inexpensively

C quickly

D carefully

9. The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by cornets.

A intrigued

B infected

C inconvenienced

D inclined

+

10. In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice,

and probed psychological problems.

A solved

B explored

C involved

D disputed

11. They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.

A solve

B determine

C untie

D complete

+12. The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.

A wept

B cried

C ran

D shook

13. We were shocked to find that Mary didn’t know her guest’s name.

A frustrated

B disturbed

C relieved

D surprised

+14. We have got to abide by the rules.

A stick to

B persist in

C safeguard

D apply

+15. The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.

A extends

B stretches

C broadens

D traverses

词汇学习 10：

+

1. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment. A unforgettable B unbelievable C unfair D unthinkable

2. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. A difficult B worried C anxious D unhappy

3. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. A pulled down B rebuilt C renovated D whitewashed

4. The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. A delayed B quick C positive D unfavorable

5. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism. A long and detailed C comprehensive B short and clear D professional

6. The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful. A efficient B respectable C well-informed D respectful

7. The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. A simply useless C every little B really practical D extremely useful

8. The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me. A reasonable B sensible C crazy D unbelievable

9. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue. A extremely thorough C superficial B long and boring D unconvincing

+

10. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious. A effective B clever C implausible D original + 11.

Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it. A competitive B diligent C qualified D competent +

12. He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career. A hot-tempered B healthy C friendly D patient

13. Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously. A adhered to B abandoned C applied D adopted

14. Examination papers of the class were marked without bias. A immediately B correctly C fairly D carefully

15. The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated. A resumed B put an end to C suspended D

re-scheduled

答案与题解：词汇学习1：

1. C call或call up：打电话。phone或phone up：打电话。又如：Did Mary phone me (me) last night？昨晚玛丽给我打电话了吗? contact：接触。I regularly contact her. 我经常跟她接触。consult：商量。I often consult him about

my research work. 我经常跟他商量我的研究工作。visit：拜访。如：Mary visited me last

night. 昨晚玛丽来看了我。

2. C space：空间。room：空间。又如：I’d like to bring the child with me if there is room in the car. chance：机会。每个人都有上学的机会。employment：就业；职业。opportunity：机会。The government has been trying hard to provide adequate employment opportunities. 政府为提供充分的就业机会而竭尽全力。

3. B at once：马上。Immediately：马上。又如：It’s getting late. We must go back home immediately. 越来越晚了，我们得马上回家。soon：很快。We’ll have lunch soo n. 我们很快就要吃中饭了。now：现在。If we leave now we’ll be there before dark. 如果我们现在就离开，我们在天黑前就到那里了。early：早。Mary gets up very early.玛丽起得很早。

4. A identify：认出；说出。又如：the light is too dim for me to identify her. 光线太暗，我无法认出她来。Can you name these flowers? 你能说得出这些花名吗？distinguish：区分。There is not much to distinguish her from the other candidates.很难把她与其他的后选人区别开来。capture：抓住。The policemen have captured the rebel leader. 警察已经抓住了叛乱分子的头目。separate：分开来。It is not always possible to separate cause from effect. 并不总是能把原因与结果分开来的。

5. A occur:发生。happen:发生。又如: His death occurred the following year.他次年就死了。I can remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.我记得整个事情如同发生在昨天一样。break:碎；断。break out:突然发生。The economic crisis broke out first in the US.经济危机首先在美国发生。appear:出现。A smile gradually appeared on her face.微笑逐渐浮现在她的脸上。

6. D complete:完成。finish:完成。又如: The scientists have completed their investigation.科学家已经完成了调查。do:做。The students have done their homework.学生已经做完了作业。achieve:取得；达到。He worked very hard to achieve a balanced budget. 为了实现平衡预算他玩命工作。improve:改善。Their working conditions have to be improved.他们的工作条件必须改善。

7. C eventually:昀终。finally:昀终。又如: It was a long journey, but we eventually arrived.路程很长，不过，我们昀终还是到达了。She finally gained control of her husband. 她昀终控制住了她的丈夫。apparently:很明显。如: Apparently you're sick.很显然你病了。naturally:自然地。She can speak English very naturally.她说英语说得很自然。

8. A conversation:谈话。talk:谈话；报告。又如: We had a very long telephone conversation yesterday.昨天我们在电话里说得很多。She gave us a talk about Chinese culture. 她给我们作了一个关于中国文化的报告。speech:谈话；讲演。The expert delivered a speech at the meeting held yesterday.那位专家在昨天的会上作了讲演。debate:辩论。The cause of global warming is still open to debate.全球变暖的原因仍然可以讨论。discussion:讨论。Did you participate in the discussion?你参加讨论了吗？

9. A attend:参加。go to:参加。又如: We all attended the conference on globalization.我们都参加了关于全球化的大会。We’ll go to her birthday party tomorrow.我们明天去参加她的生日聚会。prepare for:做准备。Will you help me prepare for the wedding ceremony?你能帮我准备婚礼仪式吗？speak to:跟……说话；给……作报告。You must speak to him. He doesn’t listen to me.你得跟他谈谈了，他不听我的。do to:对某

人做了……。What did you do to her?你对她做了些什么？

10. D make up one’s mind:打定主意，决心。decide:决定。又如: Susan has made up her mind that, come what may, she will stay with John.苏珊决心已下，不管发生什么，都将跟约翰在一起。He decided not to do that.他决定不干那件事。try:设法。We are all trying to improve our English .我们正设法提高我们的英语水平。attempt:试图。We attempted to quit smoking, but failed.我们试图戒烟，但没有成功。agree:同意。They might not agree with her opinion.他们可能不同意她的意见。

11. C account：考虑。consideration：考虑。又如：These figures do not take into account changes in the rate of inflation. 这些数字并没有把通货膨胀率的变化考虑在内。The Department of Human Resources will take into consideration your teaching experience when deciding your salary. 人事处在决定你的工资时是会考虑你的教学经验的。calculation：计算。Susan looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations. 苏珊看了一下账单，很快算了算。computation：计算。He is good at computation.他计算能力很好。assessment：估计。What’s your assessment of the situation in Iraq?你对伊拉克的形势是怎么估计的？

12. A put up with:忍耐。tolerate:忍耐。又如：I don’t know how you put up with their constant quarrelling. 他们经常吵架，我不知道你是怎么忍得住的。The workers cannot tolerate the long hours.工人无法忍受长时间的工作。accept:接受。Will you accept our invitation? 你会接受我们的邀请吗？swallow:吞下。Her excuse was obviously a lie, but Jack swallowed it whole. 她的理由明显是骗人的，但是杰克全盘接受。take:拿；取。You can take anything you like. 喜欢的东西你随便拿。

13. B give up:放弃。abandon:放弃。Mary has given up the hope of ever marrying.玛丽已经放弃了结婚的希望。Fearing further attacks, most of the population have abandoned the city.害怕城市进一步受到攻击，大多数人已经离开。end:结束。The g overnment acted to end a bakers’ strike in the city.政府采取行动结束了城里面包师傅的罢工。build:建立；加强。Tension is building between the two nations.两国之间的紧张关系正在上升。strengthen:加强。Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years.几年来我们的友谊有了持续的增进。

14. A seldom:很少。rarely:很少。又如: She seldom wears black shoes.她很少穿黑鞋。She rarely eats pork.她很少吃猪

肉。frequently:常常。The weak child falls sick frequently.这个瘦弱的孩子常常要生病。normally:通常。I normally stay at home in the evening.晚上我通常在家。occasionally:偶尔地。My brother and I occasionally visit our parents in the countryside.哥哥和我偶尔去乡下看我们的父母。

15. D take out:取出；带出。extract:取出；抽出。We’ll take our kids out for a meal next week.下周我们要带孩子出去吃饭。The nuts are crushed to extract the oil from them.干果压碎后就能榨取油。dig:挖。The thief escaped by digging an underground tunnel.盗贼是通过挖一条地道逃走的。draw:抽，取。The corrupt official drew a large sum of money from a bank before he left the country.这个贪官在离开国家之前从一家银行取走了一大笔钱。pull:拉。Jack tried to pull the drawer open.杰克试图拉开抽屉。词汇学习2:

1. A spur:促进，激励。encourage跟它的意思相近：鼓励，促进。Public apathy encourages corruption in government.公众的冷漠助长政府的腐败。endanger:危及，危害。They claim that the herbicide they are using will not endanger human life.他们声称，他们使用的除草剂不会危害人们的生命。endorse:签名，批准。The application was endorsed by the committee.申请书已由委员会批准。enlarge:扩大，放大。The UN secretary-general yesterday recommended an enlarged peacekeeping force.昨天联合国秘书长提议扩大维和部队。

2. C coverage:覆盖（的区域、范围)。此处指新闻报道的范围。reportage:新闻报道。注意：reportage在这个句子中可以替代coverage，但并不意味着任何时候都可以替换。baggage:行李(不可数)。a piece of baggage:一件行李。英国英语一般用luggage。orphanage:孤儿身份，孤儿院。usage:使用，用法。That phrase has gone out of usage.那短语已不为大家所用。

3. C dimly昏暗地。lit:此处是light (照亮)的过去分词，也有人把它叫做形容词。a dimly lit lane:一条昏暗的胡同。faintly:暗淡地，微弱地，与dimly意思相近。inadequately:不足地。hardly:几乎不。I can hardly hear him.我几乎听不到他说话。sufficiently:充分地，足够地。

4. A mildly:温和地；适度地。gently:温和地，有教养地。“ I’m sorry to disturb you,” Mary said gently.玛丽有礼貌地说：“对不起，打扰你了。” shyly:害羞地；胆怯地。The children are smiling shyly.那些儿童腼腆地笑着。weakly:虚弱地，微弱地。She smiled weakly at the reporters.她对记者微笑。sweetly:舒适地；甜蜜地。The girl smiled sweetly at her friends.女孩对她的朋友笑得很甜蜜。

5. B inevitable:不可避免的，必然要发生的。certain:肯定的，必然的，与inevitable意思相近。It is almost certain that the government will lose the next election.差不多可以肯定，政府在下届选举中要失败。strange:奇怪的。inconsistent:不一致的。proper:合适的，得体的。

6. A isolated:孤立的，与世隔绝的。solitary跟它的意思比较接近：独居的，单个的。John has been living a solitary life.约翰一直过着独居的生活。又如：She was the most solitary person on earth.她是世界上昀孤独的人。gloomy:阴郁的，忧闷的。She is feeling gloomy, so go and cheer her up.她感到忧闷，去安慰安慰她。feeble:虚弱的，无力的。a feeble old man：虚弱的老人。frugal:节俭的。

7. C call off:停止，取消。Cancel:取消。Why was the baseball game cancelled yesterday? 为什么昨天的棒球比赛取消了? put off:推迟。They decided to put off the meeting until after Christmas.他们决定会议推迟到圣诞节后举行。end:结束。The government acted to end a bakers strike in the city.政府采取行动结束城里面包师傅的罢工。Participate in:参加。Did you participate in the discussion?你参加讨论了吗？

8. C make up one’s mind:打定主意，下定决心。又如: Susan has made up her mind that, come what may, she will stay with John.苏珊决心已下,不管发生什么事，都将跟约翰待在一起。decide:决定。He decided not to do that.他决定不干那件事。want:想。I can study any subject you want to.我能研究你想研究的任何一个课题。Promise:许诺。You’ve got to promise me that you won’t do that again.你得答应我不再干那种事。agree:同意。They might not agree with his opinion.他们可能不同意他的意见。

9. B now and then: 里面，偶尔。occasionally:时而，偶尔。always:经常。We have always done it in this way.我们经常这么干。constantly:不断地。She is constantly changing her mind.她老是改变主意。注意：动词进行体跟constantly，always等表达“反复”意义的副词搭配时动词动作具有反复性。这种搭配表达说

话人对某人的某种行为的不满，具有强烈的感情色彩。下面这句话是不带感情色彩的客观报道:She constantly changes her mind.她常常改变主意。regularly:经常地；定时地。We do meet now and then, but not regularly.我们确实偶尔见面，但不经常。

10. A find fault with:找……的岔子，批评。criticize批评。He seem to enjoy criticizing his colleagues.他似乎把批评他的同事看作是一种乐趣。praise:表扬。Our guests praised the meal as the best they had had for year我们的客人称赞这顿饭是他们多年来吃过的昀好的一顿。evaluate:评价。The scientists are evaluating the data.科学家们正在评估数据。talk about:谈论。That’s all settled. It needn’t be talked about.此事已彻底解决，无需再谈了。

11. C grasp:抓住。take hold of:抓住，控制住。Mother took hold of the barking dogs by their collars.母亲抓住了这些汪汪直叫的狗的颈圈，把它们制服了。understand: 懂得，理解。I don’t understand your attitude at all.我一点也不理解你的态度。grasp也有“懂得”的意思，但在该句中不是这个意思。have a hold over:控制；对……有影响。The officer has kept a firm hold over the soldiers.那个军官一直紧紧地控制着士兵。leave hold of:放开。She left hold of his hand.她放开了他的手。

12. C take …into consideration:把……考虑进去。take …into account:把……考虑进去。We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把地区性的条件考虑进去。thought:思想，考虑。This problem needs great thought

这个问题需要认真考虑。mind:脑子，心。Her mind is not entirely on her work.她的心不全在工作上。memory:记忆。The photograph evoked her happy memories.这张照片激起了她幸福的回忆。

13. A tolerate:忍受。put up with:忍受。If I were you, I wouldn’t put up with his behavior any longer.如果我是你，我不会忍受他的这种行为。accept:接受。I don’t think that they would acc ept my view.我认为他们不会接受我的观点。take有很多的意义。take action:采取行动，采取措施。The government has promised to take swift action on the energy crisis.政府许诺迅速采取措施解决能源危机。suffer from:受……之苦。He suffered from cold and hunger for some time.他一度饥寒交迫。

14. B abandon:放弃。give up:放弃。She gave up her job to look after her sick mother.为照顾有病的母亲，她放弃了工作。turn down:不接受。The company turned down the suggestion of shorter hours.公司否决了缩短工作时间的建议。refuse:拒绝.不接受。He refused bribe.他拒绝了贿赂。

15. C lately:昀近；近来。recently:接近；近来。I’ve only recently begun to learn English.我只是昀近才开始学英语。lastly:昀后。He gave many reasons for being late; lastly he said his car had broken down.他先是说了一大堆迟到的理由，昀后还说他的车坏了。shortly:一会儿，不久。She kept a diary until shortly before her death.去世前不久她一直在记日记。immediately:马上，立即。I’ll answer his le tter immediately.我会立即给他回信。词汇学习3：

1. B manual (手的；体力的)与physical (身体的，体力的)意思相近。Their physical strength was their pride.健壮的体魄是他们的骄傲。expressive:富于表情的。He had an expressive face.他有一张表情丰富的脸。exaggerated:夸张的。Everyone was listening to his vivid but exaggerated description or the event.每个人都在

听他对事件的生动但夸张的描述。dubious:怀疑的。These goods are of dubious origin.这些东西的来路令人怀疑。manual gestures也可以说成hand gestures (手势)。

2. C harness此处与utilise意思相近：利用。More efficient ways to utilise wind energy and tidal power are being studied.人们正在研究更有效地利用风能和潮汐能量的方法。convert:转换。A solar cell takes radiation from the sun and converts it into electricity.太阳能电池吸收太阳光线，并将其转成电。store:储存。We hope to be able to store solar energy in the summer months and use it in winter.我们希望能够在夏天把太阳能储存起，在冬天使用。receive:接收，收到。I received a letter from my brother.我收到我弟弟的一封信。

3. B resident:居民，住户。与occupant (居住者；占用者)意思相近。A 12-ycar-old boy and a dog were the sole occupants of the big house.这所大房子里只住着一个十二岁的男孩和一条狗。manager:经理；管理人。All the managers agreed that this was a good idea.所有经理都认为这是个好主意。landlord:房东；地主。The landlord doesn’t want to reduce the rent.房东不打算降低房租。caretaker:夜间看管空房子的人。You should inform the caretakers of the changes to the alarm system.你应该让守夜的人知道改变警报系统的事。

4. A steadily:稳定地。在此句中有“稳步地，不断地”的意思，与continuously (不断地)意思相近。The volcano has been erupting continuously since March.这座火山自三月起一直不断地喷发。quickly:迅速地。The boss wants us to finish the project more quickly than before.老板要我们比以前更快地完成这个项目。Excessively:过度地；过量地。He laughed excessively, making us question his sincerity.他笑得太过分了，使我们怀疑他的真诚。exceptionally:例外地。This October has been exceptionally wet.今年十月雨下得出奇地多。

5. D remedy:治疗；补救。与cure (治疗)是近义词。Herbal medicine can be used to cure sleeplessness.中药可用来治疗失眠。disrupt:破坏；分裂。They made several attempts to disrupt our meetings.他们屡次试图破坏我们的集会。diagnose:诊断。Routine tests will diagnose the condition accurately.常规检查会准确地诊断病情。evaporate:蒸发；使脱水。Heat evaporate water热使水蒸发。

6. B draft:起草，设计。与formulate (制定)意思相近。We will formulate a policy that will promote rather than hinder peace.我们将制定一项促进和平而不是阻碍和平的政策。clarify:澄清。The committee asked him to clarify his points.委员会要他澄清他的观点。revise:修改，修订。Professor Jones twice asked Tom to revise his essay.琼斯教授两次要汤姆修改他的文章。contribute:作贡献；起作用。Exchange of ideas contributes greatly to mutual understanding.交换看法大大有助于相互了解。

7. B practically:几乎，与almost (几乎)是同义词。In Oxford Street you can buy almost anything.在牛津街你差不多什么都可以买到。simultaneously:同时地。She holds both views simultaneously.她同时持有这两种观点。absolutely：绝对地。Curing cancer to the current medical knowledge is absolutely impossible.就目前的医学知识来说，治愈癌症绝对不可能。basically:基本地。What he told the investigating committee was basically true.他对调查委员会所说的话基本属实。

8. C occasionally与sometimes意思相近:有时；偶尔。I drink coffee only occasionally.我只是偶尔才喝咖啡。regularly:定期地，有规律地。The doctor told him to check his blood pressure regularly.大夫要他定期地查血压。accidentally:意外地；偶然地。I accidentally found the book I had been looking for.我偶然找到我

一直在找的书。successfully:成功地。We have completed the experiment successfully.我们成功地做完了实验。

9. D try跟test意思相近：试，尝试。We are not ready to test the new design yet.我们尚未做好对新设计进行试验的准备。grow:成长；生长。It is a very peculiar experience to one’s child grow.看着孩子长大，有一种独特的感受。wrap:包；包裹。He told the shop assistant not to wrap it yet; he wanted to examine it more closely.他告诉售货员先不要包起来，他要仔细看看。hide:藏；隐藏。He told the boss that he had nothing to hide.他对老板说他没有什么可隐瞒的。

10. B rarely:很少，不常。seldom:很少，不常。She seldom showed her feelings.她很少流露她的感情。rarely和

seldom是否定副词。放在句首时引起倒装。Rarely (or Seldom) have I heard such beautiful singing.我很少听到这么优美的歌声。continuously:连续不断地。The river flows continuously along the frontier of the country.这条河沿着国家的边境绵绵不断地流着。usually:通常。Influenza usually breaks out in winter.流感常见于冬天。

11. A readily:乐意地；迅速地。willingly:乐意地。If you don’t come willingly, I shall have to use force.如果你不是心甘情愿地来的话，我将不得不诉诸武力。suddenly:突然。Her expression suddenly altered.她的表情突然变了。firmly:坚固地；坚定地。The front door is locked and all the windows arc firmly shut.前门锁着，并且所有的窗户都关得死死的。quickly迅速地。Her heart began to beat very quickly.她的心脏开始非常迅速地跳动。

12. A extract:取出；拔出。take out:取出；拨出。The dentist took out five of Mary’s teeth. 牙医拔掉了玛丽的五颗牙。repair:补。The garage charged me forty dollars to repair the car.修车厂要了我40美元修车费。pull:拉。The horse is pulling a cart.马拉着车。pull out:拔。The dentist pulled out all her bad teeth.牙医拨掉了她所有的坏牙。dig:挖掘。We shall have to dig through the mountains to lay this pipe.为了铺设这条管道，我们得挖通这座大山。

13. D shine:照亮，发光。polish:擦亮。Each morning he shaves and polishes his shoes.每天早晨，他都刮脸，擦鞋。lighten:发亮；照亮。The sky lightened after the rain ended.雨过天晴。clean:消除。He cleaned the dirt off the coat.他擦掉了外套上的污垢。wash:洗。He washed the dirt off the coat.他把外套上的污垢洗掉了。

14. A decent:正派的。honest:诚实的；正派的。He is honest and never tells lies.他是个从不说谎的老实人。rich:富的。One of their aims in life is to get rich.他们生活中的一个目标是致富。good-looking:漂亮的。Mary noticed John because he was good-looking.约翰相貌英俊，引起了玛丽的注意。high-ranking:地位高的。He is a. high-ranking army officer.他是一位高级陆军军官。

15. C deadly:致命的。fatal:致命的。His illness was fatal to our plans, i. e. cause them to fail. 他的病对我们的计划是致命性的，也就是说，使我们的计划落空了。contagious:传染性的。Chicken pox is a contagious disease.水痘是一种传染病。serious:严重的。Doctors said that his conditions were serious but stable.医生说他的情况严重但还稳定。worrying:令人担心的。His conditions are worrying to us.他的情况令我们担忧。

词汇学习4：

1. A insist on:坚持。与demand (要求；强求)意思比较接近。The Labour Party has demanded an explanation from the government.工党已要求政府作出解释。rely on:依靠。We have to rely on him for the tickets.我们不得不靠他搞票。prepare for:为……做准备。I have been preparing for the final exam.我一直在准备期末考试。create:产生；创建。His work created enormous interest in England.他的作品在英格兰引起很大关注。

2. D damaging:有损害的。与harmful (有害的)意思相近。The rays of the sun, in excess, can be very harmful.过量的阳光可能会非常有害。slight:少量的。He has a slight German accent 他有一点德国口音。surprising:令人吃惊的。It was surprising that the little girl could answer this question.小女孩能回答这个问题，令人吃惊。sudden:突然的。There was a sudden drop in the temperature last night.昨夜气温突然下降。

3. B seldom:很少；不常。与rarely (难得；不常)意思相近。I rarely get up early on Sundays.星期天我很少早起。crudely:粗糙地；粗野地。Everyone was dressed in crudely sewn shorts and shirts.人人都穿着缝制得很粗糙的短裤和衬衫。originally:原来；创造性地。I stayed longer than I had originally planned.我逗留的时间比原来计划的要长。symbolically:象征性地: The park was decorated symbolically.公园只是象征性地装点了一下。

4. A speed: 速度。与velocity (速度；快速)的意思相近。Scientists spent years studying the velocity of light.科学家们花了许多年研究光速。impulse:冲动。On impulse, I went into the shop and bought this expensive watch.在一时冲动下，我走进商店，买下了这块昂贵的手表。ratio:比，比率。The ratio of pupils to teachers is 30 to 1.学生与教师之间的比例是30比1。atrocity:暴行。They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities.他们犯有昀野蛮、昀不人道的暴行。

5. A physician:内科大夫. doctor:大夫。professor:教授。physicist:物理学家。resident:居民。

6. C particularly和especially意思近似，表示“特别，尤其”。I like the country, especially in spring.尤其是春天，我特别喜欢农村。conventionally:传统地，常规地。People in the countryside still wear their hair short and dress conventionally.乡下人仍然留短发，穿传统的服装。obviously:明显地。inevitably:不可避免地。

7. D safe和secure意思相近：安全的。She believes that her position is quite secure.她相信她的岗位是相当稳固的。clean:干净的。pretty:漂亮的。distant:远处的。

8. B branch和pision意思相近：分支，分支机构。He’s in charge of the State Department’s African Affairs Division.他管国务院(美国)非洲事务部。unity:整体，联合。embassy：使馆。invasion:人侵，侵略。

9. D abnormal:不正常的。unusual:不平常的。He is a scholar of unusual ability.他是个有非凡才能的学者。bad:坏的，不好的。Smoking is certainly bad for your health.抽烟有害你的健康。frightening:惊吓的。It was a very frightening experience but everyone of us was courageous.这是一个令人害怕的经历，不过，我们每个人都很勇敢。repeated:重复性的。John apparently did not return the money，despite repeated reminders.尽管不断给约翰送去催单，显然他还没有还钱。

10. B abundant:大量的，丰富的。plentiful:丰富的。Fish is plentiful in the lake.湖中有大量的鱼。steady:

平稳的，持续的。A student doesn’t have a steady income.学生没有周定收入。Extra：额外的。You’ll get extra pay for extra work.做了额外的工作你会得到额外的报酬。meager:很少的，不足的。Their food supply is meager.他们食品供应短缺。

11. A accelerate:加快。step up:加快。Security is being stepped up to deal with the increase in violence.为了对付日益增长的暴力事件，安全工作正在加快进行。decrease:降低。Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year.人口正以每年1.4%的速度下降。stop:停止。Her heart stopped three times.她的心脏三次停止跳动。control:控制。The federal government tried to control rising health-care cost.联邦政府试图控制日益增长的医疗费用。

12. C accumulate:积累，积聚。collect:收集；积聚。Dust collected on the furniture.家具上积了灰尘。increase:增加。Japan’s industrial production increased by 20% last year.去年日本工业生产地长了20%。spread:展开；蔓延。Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded.一辆装载化学物品的卡车爆炸后，火势迅速蔓延。grow:增长；长满。The path grew with weeds.小径长满了野草。

13. A allocate:分配；分派。assign:分配；指派。The company commander assigned me to stand guard.连长派我去站岗。persuade:劝说。They were eventually persuaded by the police to give themselves up.警察昀终成功地说服了他们去投案自首。ask:请求。We asked her to sing.我们请求她唱歌。order:命令。The police ordered them to wait right there.警察命令他们就在那儿等着。

14. B childish:幼稚的。immature:不成熟的。She is emotionally immature.她在情感上尚不成熟。simple:简单的。He lives a very simple life for a man who has become incredibly rich.对于一个已经令人难以置信的富裕的人来说，他的生活是极其简单的。beautiful:美丽的。She is a very beautiful woman.她是一个非常美丽的女人。foolish:俊的。She is being very foolish about it.在这件事上她很俊。注意该句和下句的区别：She is very foolish.她很傻。用一般现在时，说明傻是她的特征；用现在进行体，说明她在某个具体事情上犯傻，傻并非她的本质。

15. B barren:贫瘠的。bare:赤裸的，光秃的。That probably is the most bare and inhospitable island I’ve ever seen.那可能是我见过的昀荒凉的、昀不宜居住的岛屿了。hairless:没有毛发的。His body is smooth and hairless.他的躯体光溜溜的，并且不长毛。empty:空的。The room is bare and empty.房间空荡荡的。bald:秃的。She is going bald.她日渐秃顶。词汇学习5：

1. A appalling表示条件之差使人感到吃惊。dreadful有类似的意义。如: My financial situation is dreadful.此句改用appalling也是可以的。bad，unpleasant和poor都可以跟condition搭配。因此可以说：They have been living under bad conditions for two years. They have been living under unpleasant conditions for two years. They have been living under poor conditions for two years.注意：appalling conditions蕴涵bad (或unpleasant或poor) conditions.但反向的蕴涵是不成立的。用句通俗的话说，是appalling conditions必定是had (或unpleasant或poor) conditions，但是，是bad (或unpleasant或poor) conditions未必都是appalling conditions。也就是说，appalling跟bad，unpleasant 和poor在意义上存在着明显的差别。注意：如果用

bad或poor替也是appalling，生成的都是错误的句子。

2. B anyhow的一种意思是：不管其他句子所说的，本命题为真。可以看出，该词用在该句中非常合适，因为I wasn’t qualified for the job really是“不管其他句子所说的”，I got it 这个命题是真的。又如：I am coming anyhow, no matter what others say.其中的no matter what others say是说：不管其他人怎么说。I am coming这个命题是真的。anyway 在绝大多数情况中表达的意义跟anyhow都相同，因而二者可替换。anyhow有一种意思是后面所说的支持前面所说的，在这一种意思上，它等于besides。Mothe r certainly won’t let him stay with her and anyhow he wouldn’t. 此处的anyhow可由besides替换。但练习题中的anyhow不是这个意思。anyhow也可用来结束会话，这也是well的一个功能。如: Anyhow, thanks a lot. Bye-bye. 但练习题中的anyhow不是用来结束会话的，因而不能由well替换。

3. C attain有通过努力取得了某种东西或达到某种状态的意思。如：He attained the position of minister. They were unable to attain their objectives. achieve的意思是通过努力取得或达到某种目标，意思跟attain很接近，因而可由后者替换。reached也有“达到”的意思，但它本身并不含“需要通过努力”，因而它不可替代achieved。下面举一个reach 用法的例子: The process of political change in South Africa has reached the stage where it is irreversible. reap是“收获，获得”的意思。The painting depicted a group of peasants reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables. You’ll soon begin to reap the benefits of being fitter. take也有“获得，取得”的意思，但它不能跟success搭配。

4. D capability:能力，力量。又如：Now we have the capability of defending our country, all thanks to our own efforts. The country has the capability to defeat any aggressor. ability:能力，本领。From each according to his abilities, to each according to his work. ability和capability在意义上有相同的一面，因而在一定语境中可以互换。可以看出ability和capability在搭配上是有差别的，前者只可跟to搭配，但后者既可跟to又可跟of搭配。二者的形容词分别是able 和capable: I ought to be able to live on my salary. She was perfectly capable of taking care of herself. 注意：capable只能跟of而不能跟to搭配。不难看出，词的意义不决定句法结构。strength:力量；优点。Their military strength has gone down because their air force has proved to be an effective force.此句中的strength可由capacity替代而不改变句子的意义。possibility:可能性。

5. A in conjunction with:与……共同(或协力)。together with具有相同的意思，用together代入后，所生成的也是一个在语法上正确的句子。in succession:接连发生，不跟with，如：He had missed five dinners. in alliance with:结盟。They are now in a position to govern the state in alliance with either the Free Democrats or the Green Party. in connection with:与……一起；与……相关。13 men were questioned in connection with the murder.

6. B credible:可信的。convincing:可信的。That is the least convincing excuse that you could offer. convincing可替换credible而不改变句子的意思。workable:可行的，行得通的。Your plan is workable. practical:实际的，现实的。He is weak in practical matters. reliable:靠得住的。John is a reliable man.

7. C diligent:勤奋的，努力的。hardworking:勤奋的，努力的。Jack was hardworking and energetic.

ambitious:雄心勃勃的；有野心的。Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all. lazy:懒惰的。I was too lazy to read music. clever:聪明的。She is beautiful and clever.

8. D perse:多种多样的；不|司的。varied:多种多样的；不同的。It is important that your diet is varied and balanced. colorful:多色的；绚丽的。People in this small town wear colorful clothes. attractive:迷人的；吸引人的。She is both attractive and intelligent. flexible:灵活的。My schedule is flexible.

9. A faulty:有错误的；有毛病的。wrong:有错误的；有毛病的。Cheating is always wrong. ambiguous:歧义的；模棱两可的。This sentence is ambiguous. unclear:不清楚的。His itinerary is still unclear. unbelievable:不可信的。I find it unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behavior.

10. C gorgeous:好极了；壮丽的。magnificent:壮丽的；宏伟的。There is a magnificent country house near the river. ridiculous:可笑的。It was an absolutely ridiculous decision. lovely:可爱的；美丽的。The girl is lovely. peculiar:奇特的；奇怪的。This house is peculiar in lots of ways.这些词都可替换，所生成的句子在语法上都是正确的。相比之下，magnificent昀接近gorgeous。

11. C persist:坚持；持续。continue:持续。She continued the work day after day. insist:坚持；坚持主张。My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight. persevere:坚持。Despite the failure of his early experiments, the scientist persevered in his research. resist:反抗；顶住。The nation was able to resist the invasion. insist和persist在意义上并不完全相同。insist缺乏“持续”这个义项。persevere也缺少“持续”这个义项。因此，正确的选择是，continue。“坚持”与“持续”在意义上似乎很接近，但在语义上的差别是很明显的。“坚持”至少要求有生命的东西做主语。但“持续”就没有这个要求。

12. D regulate:调整；控制。control:控制。She also had a temper, but she controlled it. fight:搏斗；战斗。More units to fight forest fires are planned. abolish:废除。The whole system should be abolished. remove:除去；消除。Most of her fears have been removed.

13. A scatter:分散；散布；消散。separate:分散；分离。We didn’t separate until nightfall. flee:逃走；消失。The robbers tried to flee, but they were caught. depart:离开；出发。We are ready to depart. spread:展开；散布。The rumour quickly spread through the village. spread与scatter有相同的义项—“散布”。但此处只能是“分散”的意思。

14. B standpoint:立场；观点。point of view:观点；看法。The novel is shown from the girl’s point of view. position:位置；立场。The union may shift its position on the question. knowledge:知识。To my knowledge, he owns three houses, and he may own more. opinion:看法；意见。In my opinion, this book is the best book on the subject.虽然position也有“立场”的意思，但不能说from my position。同样地我们也不能说from my opinion。

15. C touching:动人的；感人的。moving:动人的；感人的。The beggar told her such a moving story that she almost wept. inspiring:鼓舞人心的。He made an inspiring speech. boring:令人厌烦的。Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring work is unnoticed. frightening:吓人的。He gave us a frightening，but believable account of his childhood.

词汇学习6：

1. B immense:巨大的。enormous:巨大的。The expense of living is immense today.现在生活的开支很大。Their losses were enormous.他们的损失巨大。much:许多。The students have given me much help.学生给了我许多帮助。little:小；少。The old man lived in a little house in the woods.老人生活在树林中的一座小屋里。extensive:广泛的。They make extensive contacts with the Chinese people.他们跟中国人广泛接触。

2. A accumulate:积累。build up:建立起。The old teacher has accumulated a lot of teaching experience.这位老教师积累了丰富的教学经验。We have built up a good reputation.我们建立起了很好的声誉。make up:编造。She made up a funny story to explain her absence.她编造了一个滑稽的故事，解释她为什么不来。clear up:澄清。I’d like to clear up two or three points.我有两三点想澄清一下。

3. B overtake:超过。pass:越过。Japan has overtaken Germany in industrial production. 日本在工业生产方面已经超过了德国。The police car has passed the truck.警车已经超过了卡车。reach:到达。We reached our destination at midnight.我们午夜到达了目的地。lead:带领。The blind man has a dog to lead him.这个盲人有条狗给他领路。

4. D advisable:可取的。wise聪明的。It is advisable that everyone save money for further education.为进一步接受教育而积点钱是可取的。No one is born wise.人不是生下来就聪明的。possible:可能的。It’s possible for you to take a night train.你搭乘夜车是可以的。profitable:有利可图的。The deal was quite profitable.这宗买卖是有得可图的。easy:容易的。John is easy to please.使约翰高兴很容易。

5. B puzzle:谜。mystery:谜。His death has remained a puzzle.他怎么死的至今还是个谜。It was a mystery how the burglars got in.盗贼怎么进来的是个谜。problem:问题。We have lots of problems to solve.我们有许多问题要解决。question:问题。The clever student asked the teacher an extremely difficult question.那个聪明的学生问了老师一个极其难的问题。Point:论点。The point that I want to make here and now is that Ph. D. dissertations must be original.此时此地我想要说的一点是博士论文必须具有原创性。

6. C exhibit:显示。show:显示。The Chinese soldiers exhibited great bravery in that fierce battle.在那场激烈的战斗中，中国士兵表现了极大的勇气。The commander showed his talent in defending this glorious city.司令官在保卫这座光荣的城市中表现出了他的才能。spread:伸展。The flyover spreads for a mile and is huge.这座立交桥延伸到一英里，非常巨大。open:开。The conference was opened on May 1 and closed on May 4.大会五月一日开幕的，五月四日闭幕。

examine:观察；审查。The police man examined the passport very carefully.警察仔细地察看了护照。

7. A eternal:永久的。everlasting:永久的。I simply can’t stand his eternal boasting, saying that he is a man of great importance.我简直无法忍受他的永不休止的自吹，把自己说成是个重要的人物。We’re all working for everlasting peace.我们都在为永久的和平而奋斗。long:长的。I had a long conversation with him today.我今天跟他长谈了一次。monotonous:单调的。His report was very monotonous.他的报告很枯燥。Lengthy:长的。The guest professor gave us a very lengthy lecture this afternoon.客座教授今天下午给我们作了一个很长的讲座。

8. A depict:描写。describe:描写。This novel depicts the life of a traditional Chinese woman.这本小说描述了一个中国传统妇女的生活。The police woman asked her to describe the thief.那个女警察让她描述了那个盗贼。draw:画。The artist is drawing a picture of his home town.那个美术家在画他的家乡。write:写。The beginners are able to write simple sentences.初学者已经可以写简单句了。introduce:介绍。Jack introduced Mary to John at the party.在聚会上杰克把玛丽介绍给了约翰。

9. D operative:运作的。work:运作的。We have many radars operative.我们有许多雷达在运转着。The old theory doesn’t work.旧的理论已经不灵了。run:经营。She runs a small shop.她经营着一个小店。move:移动。The earth moves round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。rotate:转。The earth rotates round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

10. C wreck:毁坏。damage:毁坏。My car was completely wrecked in the accident.我的车在车祸中完全毁坏了。Many temples were damaged in the war.许多寺庙在战争中毁坏了。shake:摇晃。火车开过时，房子会晃动。fall:倒下。The old building was falling to pieces.那座老建筑正在坍塌中。tremble:颤抖。The girls lips started to tremble and then she began to cry.女孩的嘴唇先是颤抖，接着就哭了起来。

11. B embody:显示；包含。include:包含。The new model embodies a few refinements. 新的模型包含了一些改进之处。The plan includes many of your suggestions. 该计划包含了许多你的建议。consist of:由……组成。This panel consists of several young professors. 这个答辩委员会由几个年轻的教授组成。make up:组成……。This team is made up of several old professors. 这个小组由几个老教授组成。Mark:标志。His death marked the end of an era.他的死标志着一个时代的结束。

12. D obscure:遮挡。prevent:挡住。If you stand there you’ll obscure our view of the race.如果你站在那里，你会挡住我们看赛跑的。The storm prevented an early departure.暴风雨阻碍了早离开。darken:使变暗；使阴郁。The bad news darkened their view of the situation.这条坏消息使得他们对情况的看法变得很悲观。hold:保持……状态。They held themselves in readiness for bad news.他们对坏消息已经做好了准备。blacken:使……变黑。Smoke has blackened the ceiling of the room.烟已经把房间的天花板熏黑了。

13. C restrain:阻止。prevent:阻止。I simply can’t retrain them from going their own way.我压根无法阻止他们按照自己的方式行事。We’ve tried very hard to prevent the face-maintenance project from being done.我们已经竭尽全力阻止这项面子工程的执行。disallow:不允许。Government officials are disallowed to accept bribery.政府官员不可接受贿赂。reduce:减少。Some fat people are trying to reduce their weight.一些肥胖的人在试图减肥。confine:监禁。He was confined to prison for six years.他在监狱里关了六年。

14. D sensational:引起轰动的；令人激动的。exciting:令人激动的。A sensational story is one likely to excite people.一个激动人心的故事很可能使人激动。This movie is very exciting.这部电影是非常令人激动的。sexy:性感的。She is beautiful and sexy.她漂亮且性感。surprising:出乎意外的。Their achievements are surprising.他们取得的成就是惊人的。exceptional:例外的。This hot weather is exceptional for August.八月天这么热是不寻常的。

15. A stroll:散步。walk:走路；散步。The old professor usually takes a little stroll in the garden early in the morning.那个老教授常常一清早在花园里散散步。He takes a walk only when he is free.只有有空时他才散散步。rest:休息。She takes a rest occasionally.她偶尔也休息休息。breath:呼吸。Jack took a deep breath and ped in.杰克深深吸了一口气，然后潜入水中。词汇学习7：

1. D annoying和irritating意思昀相近，有“使烦恼的”，“使人不愉快的”等意思。hateful有“可恨的”，“心怀不满的”等意思。He is hateful to me.我觉得他可恨。Don’t be so hateful.别这么怨天尤人。painful:痛苦的。I don’t like his painful look.我不喜欢他那副痛苦的表情。horrifying是“恐怖的”，“使震惊的”的意思。These were horrifying experiences.这些经历不堪回首。

2. C deliberately和intentionally意思相同:故意，蓄意地。sufficiently:足够地，充分地。noticeably:明显地，易见地。absolutely:绝对地。He’s absolutely correct.他绝对正确。

3. A vague:模糊的,含糊的。imprecise:不确切的，不明确的。concise:简明扼要的。如：Her letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job for which she was applying.她的信很简明，省去了所有跟申请就业不相关的东西。unpolished:未经修饰的。She is reading an unpolished poem.她在谈一首未经润色的诗。elementary: 基本的，初级的。How can you expect to succeed without even the most elementary knowledge of the field? 连该领域中的基本知识都没有，你还能成功？

4. A summit指“山顶”，与top of the mountain意思相近。选项B意思与之相反。选项C指的是“起点”。D则指的是“地点”。

5. A census指的是an official count of the people who live in a country, including information about their ages, jobs, etc. 即人口普查，与count意思昀接近。B的意思是“陈述”，“报告”，“声明”；C的意思是“同意”；D的意思是“估计”，这几个词的词义与census相去甚远。

6. C duplicate和copy意思近似，表示“复制”。borrow:借(入)。purchase:买。rewrite:改写。

7. B ban和forbid意思相近，表示“禁止”。list:列出。list a few reasons:列举几条理由。handle:对待，应付。The speaker handled his subject concisely.演讲者对主题作了简要的论述。investigate:调查。

8. A lawful:合法的。legal:合法的。What I did was perfectly legal.我所做的完全合法。irresistible:不可抵挡的。The music is irresistible.音乐太动听了。enjoyable:有乐趣的。Was it an enjoyable movie? 这部电影有意思吗？profitable:有益的；有利可图的。We had a profitable talk.我们的谈话是有益的。

9. D mock:取笑，嘲笑。laugh at:取笑，嘲笑。It is unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.嘲笑有困难的人是不好的。smile at:笑(某人或某事) 。What are you smiling at?你在笑什么? look down on:看不起。Small boys usually look down on little girls and refuse to play with them.小男孩常常看不起小女孩，因此不愿意跟她们玩。belittle:贬低；低估。Don’t belittle what he has achieved.不要贬低他所取得的成就。

10. A motive:动机。reason:理由。There is no reason to doubt his word.没有理由不相信他的话。argument:论据。There are many arguments against smoking.有许多论据可以证明吸烟是有害的。target:目标。The target of the new plan is primary education for all children.新计划要取得的目标是使所有的孩子都得到初等

教育。stimulus:刺激。stimuli 是其复数形式。Reduced tariffs are a stimulus to foreign trade.降低关税可以促进外贸。

11. C notably:值得注意地；特别。particularly:尤其，特别。I often do absent-minded things, particularly when I’m worried.我常干些心不在焉的事，特别是当我焦虑的时候。noticeably:显而易见地。Standards of living are deteriorating rather noticeably.生活水平正在明显下降。remarkably:显著地。Working conditions have been remarkably improved.工作条件得到了显著改善。significantly:显著地，在相当大的程度上。Sales levels are significantly lower than last year.销售额比去年大幅下降了。

12. B omit:疏忽，遗漏。fail:失败；没有能够。He failed to understand the real significance of it.他没有理解它的真正意义。forget:忘记。I forgot to wind my watch last night.昨晚我忘了给手表上发条。delete:消去;删除。The patient’s high fever deleted most of his memories.病人的高烧使他的记忆差不多丧失殆尽。leave out:遗漏；省略。She left out an important detail in her account.她在叙述中漏掉了一个重要的细节。

13. D orthodox:正统的；传统的。conventional:常见的；传统的。People still wear conventional clothes here.这儿的人仍穿传统的衣服。acceptable:可接受的。Some of the suggestions are acceptable.有些建议是可以接受的。conservative:保守的。Great Britain has three parties — the Conservative, the Liberal and the Labor Party.英国有三个党：保守党，自由党和工党。western:西方的。I don’t like Western food.我不喜欢西餐。

14. B outrageous:凶暴的；令人不能容忍的。unacceptable:不可接受的。Mary left her husband because of his unacceptable behavior.因为丈夫的行为不可接受，玛丽离开了他。unheard of:没有听说过的。You can’t do that —it’s unheard of.你不可干此事，从未听说有人干过。unbelievable:难以置信的。His guitar solos are just unbelievable.他的吉他独奏曲实在太棒了。ridiculous:可笑的。That hat makes you look ridiculous.你戴上那顶帽子，看上去很滑稽。

15. A scared:受到惊吓的，恐惧的。frightened:害怕的，受惊的。killed:被杀死的。All her five sons were killed in the earthquake.她的五个儿子都在地震中身亡。endanger:使遭到危险，使濒于灭亡。You will endanger your health if you work so hard.你太卖力的话会损害自己的健康的。rescued:被营救的。She was rescued nine days after the plane crash.飞机失事九天后她被人营救。词汇学习8：

1. C hail和acclaim意思相近，表示“向……欢呼”，“将……拥戴为”。又如：He was acclaimed as Britain’s greatest modern painter.他被赞誉为英国昀伟大的现代画家。challenge:挑战。challenge his theory向他的理论挑战。publish:出版。guide:指导。

2. A principal organizer:主要组织者。planner:组织者，策划者。employee:雇员。actor:演员。recipient:接受者。如：She is a welfare recipient.她是接受福利救济的人。

3. B postulate:假定。与assume(设想；假定)意思相近。I assume you don’t drive, Mr. Jones?琼斯先生，我想你不会开车吧? challenge:挑战。His authority was challenged.他的权威性受到了挑战。deduct:减去。Tax will be deducted automatically from your wages.税会自动从你工资中扣除。decree:颁布(法令、政令)。The minister decreed that there would be a full investigation over this matter.部长下令，将对此进行全面调查。

4. B extinction:灭绝，绝迹。与die out（绝种）意思相近。The giant panda is in danger of dying out.大熊猫面临绝种的危险。dry up:擦干。Let me wash up these plates and you dry them up.我来洗盘子，你来把它们擦干。export:出口。Many bicycles are exported each year.每年都有许多自行车出口到国外。transplant:移植，迁移。Many vegetables were transplanted to the north, growing in the greenhouse.许多种蔬菜移植到了北方，在温室里生长。

5. C abrupt:突然的。Following an abrupt change of the topic, we started to complain about the quality of food.话题突然一转，我们开始抱怨饭菜的质量。sudden与abrupt的意思近似：突然的。slow:慢的。noise:吵人的。jumpy:跳动的；神经过敏的。She seemed very jumpy recently.她昀近情绪很不稳定。

6. D allocate:分配，拨给。distribute:分发，分布。Distribute the pictures among the children, will you? 请把图片发给孩子们，好吗? nationalize:国有化。The government decided to nationalize the railways and the mines.政府决定将铁路和矿山国有化。commandeer:征用。They were afraid that their land would be commandeered.他们害怕土地会被征用。tax:征税。Cigarettes in this country are heavily taxed.这个国家对香烟征很高的税。

7. A mighty:强大的，强有力的。We are dealing with forces that are mightier than ourselves.我们正在应付强于我们的势力。strong:强壮的。long:长的。great:大的，伟大的。fast:快的。

8. B authentic:真的，真正的。an authentic manuscript:一部真正的原稿。genuine:真的，真正的。gloves made of genuine leather:真皮手套。elegant:优雅的，漂亮的。intentional:故意的，有意识的。thorough:彻底的，仔细周到的。

9. D eligible:有资格的。Those who have a mountain bike are eligible to join the club.拥有山地自行车的人有资格加入比俱乐部。entitle:给……权利（或资格）。be entitled to …:有权（或资格）。Everyone is entitled to receive education.人人都有受教育的权利。注意: be entitled to中的to既可能是不定式的to，也可能是介词to。也就是说整个短语除可跟动词原形外，也可以跟名词短语。如: Every child in Britain is entitled to free education.英国的每个孩子都有权享受免费教育。encouraged:此处是encourage (鼓励) 的过去分词形式。The children are encouraged to go in for more sports.孩子们受到参加更多体育运动的鼓励。Expected:此处是expect（期望的）的过去分词形式。We are expected to finish the job before six.他们期望我们6点钟之前做完这项工作。

10. A asserted:宣称，断言。与stated firmly（坚定地说）意思相近。argued light-mindedly:轻率地争辩。thought seriously:严肃地认为。announced regrettably:令人遗憾地宣布。美洲(America)包括北美洲，中美洲和南美洲。11. D permit:允许。allow:允许。They shouldn’t allow parking in the street; it’ s too narrow.他们不该允许在街道上停车，街道太窄了。probable:很可能。It is probable that it will rain tomorrow.明天很可能下雨。possible:可能的。Is such a thing possible?这样的事有可能发生吗? admit:承认。I’m willing to admit that I do make mistakes.我愿意承认我确实会犯错。

12. C propose:建议；提议。suggest:建议。She suggested that he should adapt himself to his new conditions.她建议他应适应新的情况。state:陈述，宣布。You’ll have to state what exactly these terms mean.你须说明这些术语的确切意思是什么。declare:宣布。She declared that she didn’t want to see him again.她宣布不想再见到他。announce:宣布。They announced that she would give an extra song.他们宣布她会再唱一支歌。

13. A regret：feel regret about sth. 对……感到懊悔。sorry:后悔的。The manager had said that he was sorry and there was nothing he could do about it.经理说过他很遗憾，对此他没有什么办法。I’ sorry to be late.对不起.我来晚了。disappointed:失望的。They were very disappointed at the outcome of the talks.他们对会谈的结果深感失望。shameful:可耻的，不光彩的。To steal money from a blind person is a shameful act.偷盲人的钱是可耻的行为。disheartened:泄气。She is easily disheartened by difficulties.面对困难，她很容易泄气。

14. B rely on:依造。depend on:依靠，依赖。The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.小镇的经济主要依靠旅游业。live on:以……为主食。They live on vegetarian food.他们以素食为主。live off:靠……生活。She still lives off her parents.她仍靠父母养活。believe in:对……有信心。If you believe in yourself you can succeed.如果你相信自己，你就会取得成功。

15. C remove:脱掉；去掉。take off:脱掉，拿下。She took off her spectacles.她摘下了眼镜。take away:拿去，剥夺。They are going to take my citizenship away.他们将剥夺我的公民资格。leave aside:搁置。Let’s leave aside the matter for a moment.让我们暂且把此事搁一搁。wash off:把……洗掉。Wash these dirty marks off the wall.把墙上的这些污点洗掉。词汇学习9：

1. D improved: improve的过去分词，在句中起形容词的作用，即修饰learning environment，表示“改进了的，更好的“，与better意思相近。easy:容易的。playful:顽皮的；闹着玩的。open:公开的；开着的。

2. A break:打破。Carl Lewis has broken the world record in the 100 meters.卡尔·刘易斯打破了100米世界纪录。heat:打；胜过。beat the record:破纪录。如：He is as eager as his brother to beat the record.他和他的兄弟一样急于破纪录。match:比得上；与……相配等。No one can match him in singing.论唱歌谁也不如他。maintain:保持。He has maintained his title.他保持了他的称号。announce:宣布，发布。The news was announced by the BBC.英国广播公司发布了这条消息。

3. B provoke和elicit的意思相近：引起，诱发。The doctor’s talk to the patients elicited little response.大夫对病人的话没有引起什么反应。demand:要求。The Labour Party demanded an explanation from the government.工党要求政府作出解释。extract:抽出，提取。extract a bullet from a wound:从伤口中取出子弹。extract juice from sugarcanes: 榨甘蔗汁。defy:公然反抗，蔑视。The accused defied the order of the court and kept shouting.被告蔑视法庭的命令，不断喊叫。

4. A gangster:匪徒，歹徒。violent criminal:凶犯。politician:政客，政治家。musician:音乐家。industrialist:工业家。

5. B framework:框架，基本结构。skeleton:骨架，骷髅。His constructions are centered around steel skeletons.

他的建筑以钢骨架为中心。boundary:分界线。territorial boundaries:领土边界。enclosure:围绕，围墙。material:材料。

6. D hazard和danger意思相近：危险；危害。There is a widespread danger of disease in this area.在这个地区疾病有扩散的危险。protection:保护；防护。Insurance is protection against unforeseeable misfortunes.保险是对不可预见的灾难的一种防护措施。indication:指示；迹象。Indications of a possible earthquake have been observed.人们观察到一些可能要发生地震的迹象。immunity:免疫力。Scientists are studying why some inpiduals have natural immunity to the disease.科学家们在研究为什么一些人对这种病有自然的免疫力。

7. C lure:吸引；诱惑。与at traction (吸引)意思相近。The attraction of the house lies in its simplicity.这所房子的诱人之处在于其简单。error:错误。The doctor committed an appalling error of judgment.这个大夫犯了一个令人震惊的判断错误。function:作用；功能。Scientists have understood only some of the functions of dreaming.科学家们仅仅弄懂

了做梦的部分功能。miracle:奇迹。It was a miracle that most of the passengers survived the plane crash.大部分乘客从撞机事故中生还，这真是个奇迹。

8. A densely:密集地；浓厚地。与compactly(紧密地；紧凑地)意思相近。We should store food more compactly in the refrigerator in order to save pace.为节省空间，我们应该把食物更紧凑地放在冰箱里。inexpensively:不贵地。Computer equipment can be purchased inexpensively these days. 近来可以较便宜地买到计算机设备。quickly:迅速地，快。How quickly can you fix the car? 你能多快修好这辆轿车？carefully:仔细地；小心地。If you observe more carefully, you will notice the difference between the two paintings.如果你更仔细地观察，你就会注意到这两幅画的差别。

9. A fascinate:使……着迷，强烈地吸引住。与intrigue (引也……的兴趣或好奇心)的意思相近。The news intrigued all of us.这消息引起了大家的兴趣。infect:传染。The flood left many people infected with cholera.洪水导致许多人染上霍乱。inconvenience:使……不便。I hope I haven’t inconvenienced you.希望我没有打扰你。incline:使……倾向于；使……想要。What he said inclines me to think that he will agree to our plan.他的话使我觉得他会同意我们的计划。

10. B probe:探察；研究。与explore (探究；考察)意思相近。Both parties are exploring ways of settling the dispute.双方都在寻求解决争端的办法。solve:解决。We will solve the problem of water shortage.我们会解决缺水问题的。involve:使卷入；牵涉。Two ministers and a judge were involved in the case.两名部长、一名法官涉及此案。dispute:争执;辩论。They disputed how to get the best results.他们争执如何才能得到昀好的效果。

11. A settle:解决。solve:解决。He finally solved the difficulty of transportation.他昀终解决了运输问题。determine:决定。Being determines consciousness.存在决定意识。untie:解开。He untied the ropes.他解开了绳子。complete:完成。She completed her degree in two years.她用两年完成了学位。

12. D tremble:颤抖。shake:摇动；颤抖。She is shaking with anger.她气得发抖。weep:哭泣。She wept when she heard the terrible news.当听到这一可怕的消息时，她伤心地哭了。cry:哭; 叫。What’s that boy crying about? 那个男孩在哭什么？run:跑。The robbers took the money and ran.强盗抢了钱跑了。

13. D shocked:震惊的。surprised:震惊的。We were surprised at his doing such a thing. 他能干出这样的事令我们很吃惊。frustrated:泄气的。She was frustrated by her poverty.她因为贫穷而泄气。disturbed:打扰的，焦虑不安的。He was disturbed to hear of her illness.当他得知她有病时，深感不安。relieved:宽慰的。She felt relieved to hear you were all right.她听说你很好就放心。

14. A abide by:坚持；遵循。stick to:坚持；遵循。He must stick to the contract.他必须遵守合同。persist in:坚持。Why do you persist in writing such things?你为什么老是写这些东西? safeguard:保护。Vaccination safeguards us from smallpox. 接种牛痘疫苗可防天花。apply:应用；申请。I have applied for a passport.我已申请办理护照。

15. C widen:变宽；加宽。broaden:变宽；扩大。Trails broadened into roads.小径变成了宽阔的道路。extend:延伸；延长。The builders extended the road for three more miles.筑路人把道路延长了三英里。stretch:舒展；延伸。The forests stretch for hundreds of miles.森林绵延数百英里。traverse:穿过；横贯。The railway traverses hundreds of miles of desert.这条铁路横贯沙漠数百英里。词汇学习10：

1. C shabby:不公正的；破旧的。与unfair（不公正的）意文相同。Her clothes were old and shabby. 她过去穿的衣服既旧又破。Unforgettable:难忘的。A visit to Beijing is an unforgettable experience. 去北京是一次难忘的经历。Unbelievable:难以置信的。It was an unbelievable moment when Du Li won the gold medal. 杜丽获金牌之时大家高兴极了。Unthinkable:不可想象的。This place is going to be unthinkable without you.这里没有你不知道会是什么样子。

2. C 不要以为uneasy是easy的反义词，那样的话就会选difficult了。其实uneasy是“局促不安的，忧虑的，担心的”的意思，如：I felt uneasy about asking her for such a big favour. 求她帮我这么个大忙，我感到有点不安。The very thought of the series of examinations lying ahead made her feel uneasy.一想到等着她的一系列考试就让她感到心神不定。因此，答案为anxious。difficult:困难的。worried:发怒的。unhappy:不愉快的。

3. A demolish的意思就是“拆毁，毁掉，推翻”，故pull down是正确答案。其他几个选项均可和houses搭配，但意义和原句不同。rebuild:重建。renovate:修复，整修。whitewash:粉刷。

4. D adverse的意思是“不利的，逆的”，如: adverse wind逆风，adverse criticism非难，adverse situation不利的形势，adverse balance of trade贸易逆差。原句的意思是：广告公司对公众对招贴画的不利反应感到惊奇。在四个选项中adverse和unfavorable同义。另外三个选项都可以用于修饰public reaction。delayed:延误的。quick:迅速的。positive:正面的，肯定的；和adverse恰恰相反。

5. B concise的意思是“简明的”，如：a concise dictionary一部简明词典。long and detailed的意思则正好相反，表示“又长又详尽”。comprehensive:全面的。professional:专业的。

6. D courteous是“有礼貌的，谦恭的”，在四个选项中只有respectful和它意义相近。respectable和respectful的区别是前者是“可尊敬的”，后者是“恭敬的，尊重别人的”，如：a respectable gentleman一位值得尊敬的先生， a respectful bow充满敏意的一鞠躬。efficient:有效率的。well-informed:有学问的。

7. D invaluable从形式上看似乎是valuable (负重的，有价值的)的反义词，其实不然，它的意思恰恰是“无法估计的，十分宝贵的”，故应选extremely useful。其他的搭配还有: an invaluable treasure无价之宝，invaluable advice很有用的忠告，invaluable heritage宝贵的遗产。选项A和invaluable反义，选项B的意思是“确实很实用”，选项C的意思是“几乎没有”。

8. C 此句的意思是“我认为在这里建一家豪华宾馆的想法听起来很荒唐”。insane是sane 的反义词，意思是“精神错乱的，疯狂的”，如：He went insane at last.他昀终发疯了。故该词和mad，crazy同义。reasonable和sensible

的意思都是“合理的，有理的”，故都和 insane 相反。

9. A exhaustive 是“透彻的，彻底的”的意思，如： exhaustive study 透彻的研究， exhaustive investigation 深入的调查，所以 extremely thorough 是正确答案。 long and boring:长且令人厌倦。 superficial:表面的。 unconvincing:不能使人信服的。这三个选项均不合适。

10. B ingenious:灵巧的，巧妙的，如： ingenious mind 机灵的头脑 ingenious machine 精巧的机器， ingenious tactics 巧妙的战术。故 ingenious 大致上和 clever 同义。effective:有效的。 implausible:不合情理的。original:有新意的。

11. C 这句话的意思是“他看着招聘广告，心想不知自己是否有资格去应聘”。 eligible 的意思是“有资格做……，符合做……的条件”，如： Anyone above the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 18岁以上的人都可以参加选举。 Not every resident here is eligible for the medical insurance provided by the community.并非每一个本地的居民都有资格享受社区提供的医疗保险。

12. B vigorous:精力充沛的，有活力的，常用于人，如： a vigorous young man ，也可作“强有力的，强劲的，用力的”解，如： vigorous opponent 强劲的对手， vigorous exercises 运动量大的锻炼。 hot-tempered 是“脾气大的，性子烈的”意思， patient 作形容词则是“耐心的”的意思。

13. A 本句的意思是“并非所有的成员国都遵循他们先前达成一致的原则。 abide by 是个短语，意为“服从，遵守； adhere to 也是一个固定的短语和 stick to 同义。 abide by 常见的搭配还有 abide by the rule/the law/decision ，如：The players all abided by t he referee’s decision although it was not really fair.其余的三个选项 apply (应用)，abandon(抛弃， adopt (采纳)均可以和 principle 搭配，但词义和 abide by 不合。

14. C bias 的意思是“偏袒，偏见”， without bias 则是“公平地，公正地”的意思。 fairly 是形容词 fair 的副词形式，在这里是“公平地”的意思。当然， fairly 也可以作“相当，还”解，表示程度，如： Your English is fairly good.你的英语还不错。

15. B terminate 意为“结束”，可作及物或不及物动词用，如：We have decided to terminate our contract with your company.我们已决定终止与贵公司的合同。The road terminates in a forest. (路的尽头是树林) put an end to 是个动词短语，如：Finally they put an end to the long-standing disputes.最后他们终于结束了长期的争端。resume (中断后重又开始)，suspend(暂时中断)，re-schedule (重新制定时间表)，这三个动词都可以和construction 搭配，但词义和terminate 不相近。

第二部分阅读判断

阅读下面的短文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断，如果该句提供的是正确信息，就选 A ；如果该句提供的是错误信息，就选 B ；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，就选 C 。

第一篇 Inventor of LED

When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or 1 LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.

On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors.

“Any time you get an award, big or little 2, it?s always a surprise.” Holonyak said.

Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school 3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric 4, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches 5.

Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.

Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he

suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn?t realize how many uses they would have. “You don?t know in the beginning. You think you?re doing something important, you think it?s worth doing, but you really can?t tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don?t know.” he said.

The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement

Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves,” that can separate molecules by size. 词汇： semiconductor / / n.半导体 incandescent / / adj.白炽的 alloy /

/ n.合金 bulb / / n.灯泡 emit / / v.发射，发出 commonplace /

/ adj.普通的 diode / / n.二极管 molecular / / adj.分子的 dim / / adj.灯光昏暗的 sieve / / n.筛注释：

1. or ：即

2. big or little ：不论是大是小

3. after graduate school ：从研究生院毕业之后

4. General Electric ：通用电气公司

5. house dimmer switches ：家用减光开关练习：

1. Holonyak’s colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he starte d it. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2. Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson- MIT Prize sooner or later.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3. Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4.Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5. Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6. Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7. The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not- mentioned

答案与题解:

1. A 第一段第一句就说: “ When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic.”

2. C通篇文章没有提到Holonyak相信他的学生将获得“ Lemelson-TIM Prize这件事。

3. B第四段说到发明晶体管的是Holonyak的老师John Bardeen，不是Holoyak本人。

4. A 第六段的句子“…he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today…”就包含了popular 的意思。

5. C通篇文章（包括第七段)没有提到“不要做你不感兴趣的事”。

6. C通篇文章没有提到Edith Flanigen是Holonyak发明LEDs的合作者，更不要说是唯一的合作者。

7. B 第二段说到，2004年是the Lemelson-MIT Prize成立10周年，按此推算，the Lemelson-MIT Prize是在1994年成立的。

第二篇El Nino

While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance1, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.

Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.

The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California. Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it “suggests2 El Nino is indeed predictable.”

“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,” said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times3.” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said. The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance4. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.

When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.

While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.

El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.

The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.

词汇：EI Nino n.厄尔尼诺现象offset / 5C:fset / v.抵消equatorial / 7ekwE5tC:riEl / adj.赤道的lead / li:d / adj.领先的occurrence / E5kQrEns / n.发生monsoon / mCn5su:n / n.季风meteorologist / 7mi:tjE5rClEdVist / n.气象学家tricky / 5triki / adj.难以捉摸的注释：

1. …methods had limited success predicting the 1997 EI Nino a few months in advance：predicting the 1997EI Nino a few months in advance是现在分词短语，进一步说明limited success的含义。

2. suggests: suggest在文中的意思是“表明，显示出”。

3. at long lead times: lead的意思相当于in advance。at long lead times的意思是“在领先很长的一段时间里”。

4. of immense importance = immensely important

练习：

1. The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. A Right B Wrong

C No mentioned

2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4. Weare’s contribution in predicting El Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5. According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million

Chinese people.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7. A special institute has bee n set up in America to study El Nino.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

答案与题解:

1. B文章第一段第一句说，哥伦比亚大学的方法can predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance，而不是几个月。

2. A 本题给出的信息是正确的，根据是第二段的第一句。

3. C 第四段说到其他一些预测El Nino的方法也有涉及sea-surface temperatures这一因素的，但是文章没有提到是谁首先用sea-surface temperaturcs测定法预测EI Nino的。

4. C 文章中提到Weare的地方是第三段、第四段，但都没有说到气象学家高度评价Weare在预测El Nino方面做出的贡献。

5. B第六段说到，关于中国受灾的数据是根据一份2002年的United Nations report作出的。

6. A 第八段说，El Nino一般开始于4月与6月之间，到12月与2月之间达到高峰，从发生到高峰经历的时间约为8个月。

7. C通篇文章没有提到美国成立了一个El Nino研究所。

第三篇Smoking

Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1.

Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus pides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

词汇：

vaporize /5veIpEraIz/ v. (使)蒸发nicotine /5nikEti:n/ n.尼古丁membrane /5membrein/ n.膜bronchus /5brCNkEs/ n.支气管filter /5filtE/ n.过滤嘴注释：

1. life expectancy：预期寿命

2. low tar tobacco：焦油含量低的烟草练习：

1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

2. Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

3. Smoking may induce lung cancer. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

6. Nicotine is poisonous. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

答案与题解：

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