新标准大学英语综合教程二 Unit2 课后题答案

综合教程二 Unit2 课后题答案

Active reading（1）

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words for actions in the box with their definitions. 1 to gently move your hand over skin, hair or fur (stroke)

2 to move along the ground on your hands and knees (crawl) 3 to copy someone’s actions, words or behaviour (imitate)

4 to touch someone gently several times with a flat hand to show that you care about them. (pat) Now complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. (a) My father patted me on the head to show he was pleased with me. (b) Children learn a lot by imitating their parents.

(c) Babies start learning to crawl at about six months old. (d) She was sitting quietly in the corner, stroking the cat.

5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes. 1 (distinct) 2 (Infants)

3 (sympathetic) 4 (stem from)

5 (trace; discipline) 6 (an overall; distress)

改写：A lot of my childhood memories have faded now, but I have an overall impression that I often felt a vague sense of distress.

6 Answer the questions about the words and phrases. 1.a 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.a 8.a 9.b

Active reading 2

3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.c 7.b 8.c

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 (honorable) 2 (drama) 3 (beam) 4 (catalog) 5 (volume) 6 (knot) 7 (couch) 8 (clip) 9 (mostly)

5 Complete the summary with the words in Activity 4. (1)honorable (2)beam (3)mostly (4)catalog (5)clip (6)knot (7)couch (8)volume (9)drama

6 Answer the questions about the words and phrases. 1.b 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.a 8.b 9.b

Language in use

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets and the suffix -ant or -ancy. 1. About 800,000 illegal enter the US every year. (immigrate) Correct answer immigrants

2. She says her dream is to be one of the on a TV reality show like \ Correct answer contestants

3. I want to get a job as a teacher, but there aren't many at the moment. (vacant) Correct answer vacancies

4. I have a friend who runs a management in London. (consult) Correct answer consultancy

5. The trial lasted three days, during which time the never opened her mouth. (defend) Correct answer defendant

6. Mel can't make his mind up about anything. His is a bit worrying. (hesitant) Correct answer hesitancy

7. I don't know the way out of the building. Perhaps you should ask the over there. (attend) Correct answer attendant

8. A normal lasts for about 40 weeks. (pregnant) Correct answer pregnancy

9. He worked as an headteacher for two years before coming here. (assist) Correct answer assistant

Complete the answers with the correct form of the underlined words and the prefix mis-.

1. What happens if you don't understand something properly?

You it. Correct answer misunderstand

2. What have you done with something if it's in the wrong place?

You have it. Correct answer misplaced 3. What is the opposite of good fortune?

It is . Correct answer misfortune

4. If you have made an incorrect judgement of someone's character, what have you done? You have made a . Correct answer misjudgement

5. If you have not been correctly informed about something, what has happened? You have been about it. Correct answer misinformed

Now rewrite the sentences using by the time. Follow the example. Example:

I accumulated a fixed circle of people. Then I lost my hearing.

By the time I lost my hearing, I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people.

1. I arrived at the party. Almost everyone had already left. Suggested answer:

By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left.

2. At the age of two, children know about 100 words. Suggested answer:

By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words.

3. In the end he realized what was happening, but it was too late to ask for help. Suggested answer:

By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help.

4. When I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs. Suggested answer:

By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.

5. Children learn a lot of useful skills before they leave primary school. Suggested answer:

By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills.

6. Courtney finished writing the essay. The deadline had already passed. Suggested answer:

By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed.

Rewrite the sentences using as if / as though. Follow the example. Example:

Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother. She was the one who seemed to have been hurt (and not the other baby).

Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt.

1. I didn't make the mistake, but the old man shouted at me. Suggested answer:

The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made the mistake.

2. The girl didn't fall over, but she started crying. Suggested answer:

The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over.

3. It wasn't Lucy's party, but she stood at the door welcoming everyone. Suggested answer:

Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if / as though it were her party.

4. David wasn't making the noise, but Sylvia closed the door of his room. Suggested answer:

Sylvia closed the door of David's room, as if / as though it were him that was making the noise.

Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.

这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。

2. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling. Motor mimicry fades from toddlers' repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else's pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them.

他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。

3. I also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their \turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my ears, whichever one's closer to them.

我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。 4. \reason I was staring at your lips,\the music volume and dimmed the lights for the \closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkness. And read his lips I did.

我告诉他说：“我基本上只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。”他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑近他，近得多得多，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。

Translate the sentences into English.

1. 一看见抽屉里的那些老照片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。(the moment; well up) Suggested answer:

The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.

2. 有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。周围的人反应各异，有的关心地走上前去看他是否受伤了、能为他做点什么；有的则站在一边不知所措；有的干脆就不理。(diverge from; approach; confuse over; tune out) Suggested answer:

When a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people's reaction diverged from one another. Some approached caringly to see if he was hurt and if they could help; some just stood there confusing over what to do about it; while others just tuned out.

3. 上星期六上午，我像往常一样去超市购物。我刚要打开车门，却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找，可是哪儿也找不到。(do the usual; do nothing but; fail to do) Suggested answer:

Last Saturday morning, I did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket. When I was about to open the door of my car, I found that I did not have my wallet on me. I could do nothing but go back home in search of it, but I failed to find it anywhere.

4. 我上小学二年级的时候，我们班有个同学得到的生日礼物是一辆红色的遥控车。我们大家只有羡慕的份，却不能也去买一辆，因为那种遥控车很贵，而且还是在香港买的，那时候在我们看来香港和纽约一样遥不可及。(could only; as far as) Suggested answer:

When I was a second grader, one of my classmates got a red radio-controlled toy car as a birthday gift. The rest of us could only admire, but could not imitate, because the car was expensive and was bought in Hong Kong, a place which seemed to us as far away as New York at that time.

课文翻译：

Active reading (1) 同感是怎样表露的

霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15 个月大的迈克尔去把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动被接受记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到了。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从他们出生的那天起，婴儿们在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会觉到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿们就感受到了同情的痛苦。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L· 霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。这样的困惑

在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”这个词于20 世纪20 年代由美国心理学家E·B· 铁钦纳首次使用时的原始技术含义。铁钦纳的理论是：同感萌发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿；这种模仿继而在自己心里引起同样的感受。他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。下面是摘自一位母亲日记里的典型事例：一位邻居的婴儿哭了，珍妮走近前去，试图给他一些小甜饼。她跟着他转，开始带着哭腔低声自言自语。她然后试图抚摸他的头发，可是他躲开了??他平静下来，但是珍妮仍然面带忧色。她继续给他拿来玩具，轻拍他的头和肩膀。在这个年龄，幼儿对于他人感情波动的总体敏感度开始有所不同，有些像珍妮一样，感同身受，有些则麻木不仁。国立精神健康研究院的玛丽安· 拉德克－亚罗和卡罗琳· 察恩－瓦克斯勒所做的一系列研究表明，这种在同感关注方面的不同大部分与父母怎样教养子女有关。她们发现，如果在家教中让孩子特别注意他们的恶作剧给别人造成的痛苦，比如对孩子说“瞧你让她多伤心啊”，而不是说“你真调皮”，孩子就比较有同感心。她们也发现，观看他人遇到痛苦时别人的反应，儿童的同感心也会受到影响。通过模仿亲眼所见，儿童能培养出一套同感反应行为，尤其是在帮助那些苦恼人方面。

Active reading (2) 这位是桑迪

我的朋友向生人介绍我的时候，虽然我嘴上从不说什么，但我心里喜欢。我喜欢他们说“这位是桑迪——她是聋子”的时候脸上那副骄傲和荣耀的表情，就好像我证明了他们的仁德善心。我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。他们总会说些好话，夸我的粉红色助听器，我的朋友们则一旁灿烂地微笑着。实际上，我在考虑开始收藏助听器。它们是比耳环更好的首饰。我曾经看到过一款“一夹得”带罩助听器的广告图片，产品有各种各样的形状和颜色，绝对时髦。那就像我们上高中的时候，埃斯特的爸爸给她买的精美昂贵的手袋一样。那时，我们其他人只有羡慕的份儿，却无法仿效，因为我们的老爸没那么多钱去娇惯我们。而现在，只有我能戴助听器。朋友们也就只有羡慕的份儿了。说实话，我挺喜欢耳聋的。在那次车祸和愚蠢的安全气囊破裂之后的头几年，日子不好过，但是现在，耳聋让我在朋友中间显得很特别。我的好朋友没有一个是听力残障的，因为我不是天生耳聋，在我失去听觉的时候，我已经有了一个固定的朋友圈。他们中的多数人都热心积极地参加这场“表演”。你知道，在你谈论朋友时，你会把称他们为“酒吧侍者德鲁”、“女权主义者卡罗尔”、“能用舌头给樱桃梗打结的家伙格雷格”等等。我是“聋女桑迪”。我喜欢这个称呼。我没有任何其他突出的个性或能耐。从来没有过。还不仅仅是与众不同。我确信，假如我不戴粉红色的助听器的话，我生活中的许多重大事件就不会以同样的方式发生或产生同样的结果。例如，跟柯林之间的事儿。我初次遇见柯林是在一次公寓派对上。女权主义者卡罗尔给我们彼此做了介绍之后，我把头发拢到两耳之后，凑得更近些，不是因为他把那套仪式做得特别好，而是因为他是个情种。谁都能注意到在不可避免的惊讶之后他脸上恢复的微笑。握手之后，我们去拿喝的。在临时搭建的吧台和沙发之间的某个地方，卡罗尔不见了。“你通常都像这样读口形吗？还是也用手语？”过了一会儿他问。我告诉他说：“我多数时间只读口型，因为这比用手语更容易，尽管这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。”他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑近他，很近很近，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的口形。我的确读到了

他的口型。我们照例交换了电话号码。一周之后，柯林做了件不可思议的事：他打来了电话。我们出去玩了，发现对方在大白天依然好看，因此彼此感觉满意。我又读了更多的口型。在两个月之内，柯林和我就开始约会了。

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