动词的时态总结

本人自己的学习经验哦

英语中的16种时态

一般现在时：do/does

现在进行时：is/are/am+doing

现在完成时：has/have+done

现在完成进行时：has/have been doing

一般过去时：did

过去进行时：was/were+doing

过去完成时：had done

过去完成进行时：had been doing

一般将来时：will/shall do等

将来进行时：will/shall be doing

将来完成时：will/shall have done

将来完成进行时：will/shall have been doing 过去将来时：would/should do

过去将来进行时：would/should be doing 过去将来完成时：would/should have done

过去将来完成进行时：would/should have been doing

一般现在时的用法

1）表示经常性、习惯性的事件和行为。

As temperatures fall with the approach of winter, the soil freezes.

本人自己的学习经验哦

He goes to school at six every day.

He usually spends summer in the mountain.

一般现在时常与often,usually,every day,never等时间状语。

2）表示现在的状态、特征或普遍真理和事实。

England and France are separated by the English Channel.

My parents live in a village near the Swiss border.

The earth moves around the sun.

3)书报标题、球赛现场报导、小说等的情况介绍常用一般现在时

The story is set in the spring of 2003.

The Bible says love of money is the root of all evil.

4）用于格言中

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败

5）代替将来时

①在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。

When I graduate, I’ll go to the countryside.

If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a

本人自己的学习经验哦

meeting.

由when,after,as soon as,once,until等引导的时间状语从句和由if等条件状语从句中，用现在时态表将来。

②在下列句型中

Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.

Be sure you finish it today.

See to it that the door is fastened before you go to bed.

③用于表示按计划、时间表要发生的动作（句中常带有时间状语）

表示往返位移的动词arrive,come,drive,fly,go,leave,move,return,ride,sail

表示开始结束的动词

Begin,close,end,open,start,stop

The train leaves at nine in the morning.

“When does the bus start?”“it starts in ten minutes.”

6)代替过去时

仅限于say,tell,hear,learn等少数动词用于转

本人自己的学习经验哦

述别人不久前对自己说过的话，尤其是所说的情况现在仍然存在。

He says he can’t wait any longer.

My friends tell me that you’ve been unwell. I hear you want a secretary.

7)代替完成时

句型It is + 一段时间+ since从句

It is ten years since I moved to Shanghai.

2一般过去时的用法

1）表示过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作。 He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.

He worked in the factory in 1986.

2)表示在过去存在或持续了一段时间的某种状态。

He lived in Paris until he was ten.

3)表示过去经常发生的动作或多次反复的行为。

He rode a horse to school every day when he was a child.

Every morning I took a walk when I was in the countryside.

4)用于对已去世的人的情况描述

本人自己的学习经验哦

Edison was a great inventor.

Jack was a cripple all his life.

5)在虚拟语气结构中，用过去时表示现在。 It’s time you had a holiday.

I wish you lived closer to us.

I’d rather you did it now.

6)过去时和ever,never,once连用，表示过去的经验。

Did you ever see a lion?

She never heard such a beautiful song before.

7)代替过去完成时

He did nothing before he went to bed.

I told them after you left

3一般将来时的用法

1）will/won’t可用于表示“预测的未来”，即根据分析判断认为某事肯定会发生

The weather will be good tomorrow.

Why not come over at weekend? The children will enjoy seeing you.

2)will/won’t可用于表示“意愿的将来”，谈论所作的决定，强调所下的决心。

I will come with you at the weekend, whatever

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my parents say!

3)will/won’t可用于表示“将来的事实”，与判断、安排或意愿无关。

I will be sixteen years old next month.

The sun will rise at 5:30 tomorrow morning.

4）与if条件句连用，表示随着一件事情的发生，另一件事就将发生。

If we go on like that, we’ll lose all our money. Will he get angry if I tell him the truth?

5)其它可用于表达将来的结构

1 be going to+ 动词原形表示根据目前情况判断某事即将发生，意为将要、就要，或根据目前的意愿将要做某事，意为打算。

Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.

2 be to+ 动词原形表示正式安排要在将来做的事，意为预定，常用于通知、规定、正式的命令或指示。

The president is to hold an official reception for the visitors.

The boy is to go to school tomorrow.

此结构常用于if从句中，表示只有主句的行

本人自己的学习经验哦

为发生后，if条件句中的情况才能成为可能 If a man is to succeed, he must work very hard.

3 be due to+ 动词原形表示定于，常与时间状语连用。

thThe repairs are due to start on 26 may.

I’m due to graduate in the next half of the year. 4 be about to + 动词原形，意为正要，即将，表示眼下就要发生的事，因此后面一般不接将来时间状语。

Please take your seats. The performance is about to start.

5 be on the point of（正要 时），be likely to（有可能要），be sure to(必然会)等也能表示将来。

We were on the point of telephoning you when your telegram arrived.

They are likely to arrive before six.

4现在进行时的用法

1）表示现在正在进行的动作或某些体感动词的持续状态。

They are playing tennis now.

本人自己的学习经验哦

It is still raining outside.

My foot is hurting and my back is aching.

2)少数瞬间动词用进行时表示不断重复的动作

He is jumping with joy.

Someone is knocking at the door.

3)少数动词用进行时表示一个人的临时行为。

She’s staying in my house this time.

I don’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives

此类动词有live, work ,study,stay,help等

4）指在一个特定的时间段内反复进行的事情

I’m feeding the neighbor’s cat this week while she’s in hospital.

5)表示根据安排最近将来要出现的情况，常伴有时间状语。

We are leaving here tomorrow.

They are getting married next month.

此用法常用于下列表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词：

本人自己的学习经验哦

arrive,begin,close,come,die,drive,end,fall,fly,go,land,leave,open,move,return,see,start,stay,stop,take off, travel等

6）与always, constantly,continually,forever等连用表达某种感情色彩，如不耐烦、不满意等。

She is always complaining.

He is forever finding fault with me.

The postman is always putting your letters into my letter-box.

7)表示离现在较近的过去。

Do you hear what she is saying.

You know I’m telling the truth.

8)用于解释或归纳前面说的话

When I say somebody is lazy, I’m not referring to you.

9)现在进行时可以表示关切、礼貌、强调、赞美等。

Are you feeling better today?

I’m hoping you will come.

10)以下介词短语也表示进行的意义

Under discussion

本人自己的学习经验哦

Under construction

11)不用于进行时态的动词

①下列动词为静态动词，通常不用于进行时态

表示存在：be, consist,contain,exist,remain 表示拥有belong to, have, include, lack ,own, possess

表示心理情感：desire,despise,detest, dislike,envy,hate,like,love,need,pity,prefer,want wish

表示思想和信念：believe,doubt,expect,forget,imagine,intend, Know,realize,recognize,remember,suppose,understand

其他,resemble,seem,concern,depend,

Deserve, fit matter,mean,mind

②有些动词用第一人称，表示实施行为而不是描述这一动作时，通常不用进行时态。

On behalf of the company, I apologize for any inconvenience caused.

5过去进行时的用法

1）表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行

本人自己的学习经验哦

的动作。

In 1980 he was studying in a university.

He was reading a novel when I came in.

2)过去进行时常常表示动作的短暂性，或强调它的不断变化和发展。

During my training I was earning a lot less than my wife.

His symptoms were becoming more pronounced each day.

3)过去进行时常与一般过去时 一起使用，

Darkness was falling over the city when I came back home.

Seventy cars were crossing the river when the bridge collapsed.

4)过去进行时用于强调在过去一个临时的时间段里反复进行的事情。

For the first three months she was receiving chemotherapy（化疗）weekly basis.

5)能与always,constantly,continually,forever等连用表达某种感情色彩

My brother was always losing his keys.

6）表示现在时间。此结构用于表示心中无

本人自己的学习经验哦

把握或有礼貌的请求，口气婉转，仅限于hope, want, think, wonder 等动词。

I was rather hoping that Mr. Howard would be able to see me this morning.

I was wondering whether you could help me.

7)过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。

①过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作。

②过去进行时表示短暂的动作，而一般过去时可用于表示永久性或较长久的情况。

6将来进行时的用法

1)将来进行时表示将来某个特定的时间要进行的动作。

What will you be doing this time tomorrow?

When I get home, you will probably be watching television.

I hope he will be feeling better when you come tomorrow.

2)将来进行时表示早先已安排将来要做的或预定会发生的事，往往难以改变。

He will be staying with us again next year.

I will be seeing her over Christmas vacation.

本人自己的学习经验哦

因此，此结构常用于委婉地询问别人的计划或拒绝邀请。

Will you be coming at six tomorrow?

Will you be staying long?

3)将来进行时把将来的事件看作是惯例或常规。此将来事件往往会持续一些时间。

We’ll be having our weekly meeting tomorrow so I’ll present your proposal then.

4)will be +-ing表示现在，will用作情态动词，有揣测的含义，可译为大概或一定，常与now连用。

They’ll be watching television now.

Hurry up. They will be waiting.

It’s six o’clock. He won’t be working now. 7现在完成时的用法

1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没具体的时间状语。

He has gone to Fuzhou.

I have lost my wallet.

2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常与for和

本人自己的学习经验哦

since连用。或与so far, now, in the past few years, today, this week, up to now等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用。

He has studied English for 5 years.

I have been here since 1993.

Now I have finished the work.

Up to now, everything has been successful.

表示短暂动作的词如(come, go, die, marry, buy等)的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的状语连用。

3）主句用现在完成时，since后的5种用法： 1He has taught English at this school since 1993.

2I haven’t seen him since three years ago.

3Great changes have taken place here since you left.

4I haven’t heard from Susan since she lived in Shanghai.

5She has seldom been out since she has been ill.

4)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。

本人自己的学习经验哦

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

If it has stopped snowing in the afternoon, we’ll go to the park.

5)现在完成时用于下列有序数词及the only构成的句型中：

It is the best film that I’ve ever seen.

This is the most interesting book that I’ve ever read.

7) 现在完成时与过去时的区别

①现在完成时强调某种行为或动作一直延续到现在，且仍未结束，过去时强调行为或动作的结束。

The tower has stood there for centuries.

They drove on for three hours.

②现在完成时表示的时间尚未结束，过去时表示的时间已经过去。

I haven’t seen Keith this morning yet（说明现在还是早上）

③现在完成时与现在有联系，过去时仅表示过去的事情，与现在没有联系。

I have lost my key to the drawer.

本人自己的学习经验哦

I lost my key to the drawer yesterday.

④现在完成时不指代一个明确的时间，过去指代一个明确的过去时间。

I’ve been to Beijing twice.

I went to Beijing in 1990 and 2006.

8过去完成时的用法

1）过去完成时用于描述过去某一时刻或某一动作或状态。

He has gone to Fuzhou.

2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。

He has studied English for 5 years.

I have been here since 1993.

Up to now, everything has been successful.

表示短暂动作的词的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的状语连用。

He has been married for six years.

He got married six years ago.

主句用现在完成时，since后的5种用法： ①He has taught English at this school since 1993.

②I haven’t seen him since three years ago.

本人自己的学习经验哦

③Great changes have taken place here since you left.

④I haven’t heard from Susan since she lived in Shanghai.

⑤She has seldom been out since she has been ill.

4)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

If it has stopped snowing in the afternoon, we’ll go to the park.

5)现在完成时用于下列有序数词及the only构成的句型中：

It is the first time that I’ve seen such wonderful building.

It is the only book that he has ever written.

6）现在完成时用于形容词最高级构成的句型中：

It is the best film that I’ve ever seen.

This is the most interesting book that I’ve ever read.

本人自己的学习经验哦

7）现在完成时与过去时的区别

①现在完成时强调某种行为或动作一直延续到现在，且仍未结束，过去时强调行为或动作的结束。

The tower has stood there for centuries.

They drove on for three hours.

②现在完成时表达的时间尚未结束，过去时表述的时间已经过去。

I haven’t seen Keith this morning yet.

I didn’t see Keith at all this morning.

③现在完成时与现在有联系，过去时仅表示过去的事情，与现在没有联系。

I have lost my key to the drawer.

I lost my key to the drawer yesterday.

④现在完成时不指代一个明确的时间，过去时往往指代一个明确的过去时间。

I’ve been to Beijing twice.

I went to Beijing in 1990 and 2006.

过去完成时的用法

1)过去完成时用于描述过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态。

By the end of last year we had built five new

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house.

2)过去完成时常与before, after, when, until等词引导的过去时间状语从句连用，使被描述事件发生的先后表达得更清楚。

The train had left before I reached the station.

3)before+ 过去完成时含义为不等 就，句中的过去时动作先发生，或阻止其后面的动作发生。

I left university before I’d taken the final exams.

4)在一些结构中

No sooner+ 过去完成时（倒装）+ than + 句子（过去时）

5）表示过去没有实现的愿望。

We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you did not.

6）在虚拟结构中用过去完成时表过去。

9.将来完成时

表示预计将来某个时刻前某种行为已经完成。

I’ll have finished reading the book before the next lesson.

本人自己的学习经验哦

10）过去将来时

1）过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看了将要发生的动作或存在的状态。用would加动词原形构成。

They were sure that they would succeed.

2)过去将来时常用于宾语从句。

He said he would call me at six.

11）现在完成进行时

表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作，一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束。

Her telephone has been ringing for a long time.

It has been raining since last Sunday.

2)现在完成进行时表示一个重复性的动作，常用于表示关切，惊异等感情色彩。 You have been coughing a lot lately.

3）现在完成进行时与lately, recently连用表示动作或行为的临时性。

People have been eating less meat recently because of the price.

4）现在完成进行时与现在完成时的比较： ①现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，因此

本人自己的学习经验哦

有未完成的含义，现在完成时则表示已完成。

I have been writing a letter.

②现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，因此不用于表达该动作重复了多少次的句中。现在完成时可用于描述反复多次的行为。

③现在完成进行时强调动作或行为的临时性，现在完成时强调动作或行为持续的状态。

④现在完成进行时强调动作或行为本身，现在完成时强调动作或行为结果。

I’ve been doing my accounts all afternoon. I’ve done the accounts-here they are.

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