作文基本功训练

书面表达基本功训练（一）

1． 天气描写

It is /was raining hard (heavily, lightly). The sun was shining brightly (gently). It was blowing sharply (strongly, softly) A strong wind was blowing./ The wind was blowing strongly. It was snowing hard/heavily.

There was a heavy (terrible) storm/rain/snow. The weather was pleasant/lovely.

It was fine (rainy, windy, cloudy, sunny, cold, hot, warm, cool, wet)

It was lovely weather/ a lovely day. 练习：

今天是星期天。早上天气很冷， 还下着小雨。中午时， 雨停了， 但是还是冷，又刮起了风，天气更冷了。我们本来计划去野炊，但由于这不好的天气，只好呆在家里。

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今天是星期天。早上天气很冷， 还下着小雨。中午时， 雨停了， 但是还是冷，又刮起了风，天气更冷了。我们本来计划去野炊，但由于这不好的天气，只好呆在家里。

It is Sunday today. It was very cold and rainy in the morning. At noon the rain stopped, but it was still cold. A cold wind began to blow and the weather became even colder. We had planned to go for a picnic, but because of the bad weather, we had to stay at home.

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2．景物描写

There is /are …, in front of …, North of the lake is/stands a tall building.

There stands/lies a tall building in the center of… A tall building stands in front of … On the right is/stands a … 常用词组

In the middle/center of; in front of; at the back of; on the right/left of; in(to, on) the north(west, east, south); at/on the top of; near; next to;

nearby; around; at the foot of, close to; opposite; 练习：

这就是我们的教室。 它大约6米长，4米宽，3米高。在前面墙上有一黑板，黑板前四老师的讲台；两

边墙上有6个窗户，墙上还挂着一幅世界地图和一幅中国地图；教室里共有30张桌子和椅子。我们教室宽敞明亮，我们每天在这里学习。

我们学校坐落在同安城北依山傍水，风景秀丽。北面是梵天山，山脚下有一座庙。东面有一条小溪，小溪边有一医院；学校门口是一条公路。

3．人物描写

He/She/Li Ming is twenty (years old). He is a boy of twenty.

He is a twenty-year-old boy. He is handsome boy with strong arms..

He is young (old, handsome, beautiful, pretty, ordinary-looking, funny-looking, good-looking, tall, short, thin, strong…) She is a pretty girl with long hair and fair skin. He has on/ is wearing/is dressed in a blue coat.

Li Ming, the best student in our class, is going to study abroad. The girl in red is John’s sister. 练习：

李明各个是个英俊的小伙子。他大约20岁，各自高高的，脸圆圆的，经常穿兰色的运动服。他喜欢打篮球，是学校篮球队队员。

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今天早上，我在上学路上，听见有人叫我。他头发短短的，戴着一幅眼镜，我起初认不出他。直到靠近，我 3

才认出他是王海的弟弟。他理了头发，还换了一幅眼镜。

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4．常用句型和从句

? 状语从句：时间、原因、条件、、让步、地点

? 宾语从句：that , what, when, where, who, why, how ,whether/if, which ? 不定式：It is important for us to do… I find it important for us to do… ? 其它： too… to… so/such… that… I was walking… when … Not until 练习：

1）昨天下午放学后，我正要回家这是天突然下起雨来。我只好等到雨听了才回家。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2）虽然天已经很迟了，他们仍然急促共货。

_________________________________________________________________ 3）由于李华的妈妈病了，她不得不到医院照顾她。

_________________________________________________________________ 4）当你走到第二个交叉路口是，向右转，一直朝前走，直到一所邮局前。 _________________________________________________________________ 5）我不知道魏芳今天为什么有迟到。

_________________________________________________________________ 6）他没有告诉我他何时回来。

_________________________________________________________________ 7）他认为要在10天内完成这项任务是不可能的。

_________________________________________________________________

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8）我想知道你们是如何找到他家的。

_________________________________________________________________ 9）教室非常吵，听不见老师讲什么。

_________________________________________________________________ 10）

知道他摘下眼镜我才人出他是我的一个同学。

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5．阶段复习

?

魏华是个中学生，她今年16岁，活泼可爱。她大约1.6米，长着一双明亮的大眼睛，留着长长的头发，常穿红色的衣服。她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。去年在校歌咏比赛中或第一名。

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?

今天我们去野炊。我们大约8点出发，9点左右来到一座小山。由于天气很热，我们在山脚下休息了一会儿才开始爬山。花了半个小时才到达山顶。山顶上鲜花盛开，美丽极了。遗憾的是，在回家的路上天突然下起了大雨，我们都被淋湿了。

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? 美国是世界上最发达的国家之一。它西临太平洋，东临大西洋，北临加拿大，南临墨西

哥。美国由50 个州组成，华盛顿是它的首都，位于东部。美国人口大约2.5亿，面积大

约900万平方公里。

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书面表达基本功训练（二）

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_________________________________________________________________ 69．

在新西兰讲的是什么语言？

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书面表达题型练习

一．假如你是陈明，请你给你的新西兰笔友John写封信，邀请他参加你班学生将要举办的暑期夏令营活动。并请他写信告诉你他是否能来。信的内容还要包括下列内容。

时间 7月20至7月27日 写信日期：1999年3月6日 地点 活动 内容 北京度假村 1．参观北京名胜古迹（长城等）。 2．文化交流活动（语言学习、相互介绍自己的国家、学校及学习和生活等） 3．文艺会（唱歌、跳舞、游戏等） 注意：词数100-120； 生词：度假村：holiday village夏令营：summer camp organize a summer camp, I’d like to invite, such as, talk about,

Mar.6th,1999

Dear John,

I’m writing to tell you that the students of my class are planning to go for a summer camp at

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the Beijing Holiday Village from July 20 to 27 this summer. I’d like to invite you to come and join us. We’ll visit scenic spots and historical sites such as the Great Wall, the Palace Museum and so on. We’ll give workshops for language study. We’ll talk about our countries, schools, life and study and other things. We’ll give parties, at which the students from different countries will sing and

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dance and play games together.

Would you please write back and let me know if you could come ? Yours Chen Min

注意：今年春季高考（见第十一）命题跟本篇很类似。 请注意信头的日期和信尾的署名。 文中划线的两句使文章更加连贯自然。本篇主要用将来时，注意’d like to/would you please的用法。 二、看图作文（《名家指路》P18） on one’s way to, when-clause, catch up with

This afternoon, on my way to the cinema, I saw a case fall of a man’s bicycle. I shouted out to the man to stop. But he didn’t hear me and rode away.

I was wondering what to do when I had an idea. I stopped a taxi and got into with the case. Soon we caught up with the man. Getting the case back, the man was so thankful that he offered me some money, but I refused politely.

Then the driver took me to the cinema. When I was paying him, the driver pushed my hand away and said, “Neither will I accept your money.”

注意：叙事性文体。在这种文章中，可以大胆使用when从句及一些常用结构或句型如文 中划线部分。此外，要认真体会but, soon, then在文章中所起的作用。 三．（《名家指路》P54） Dear friends,

Your attentions, please. I have something interesting to tell you. Tomorrow is Saturday. We have no class. We’ve decided to visit the exhibition of modern arts at the Arts Gallery.

Those who want to go, please put up your hands. You can go there either by bus or buy bike. We’ll gather in front of the Gallery at 9:00 in the morning. Please be there on time.

After that we’re going to invite Professor Han from Beijing Artists’ Association to give us a speech on modern oil painting. You must be interested in it.

That’s all. Thank you.

注意：本篇是口头通知。注意文章前后划线的句子。通知常用到祈使句，如斜体字部分， 时态多为将来时。此外，要注意时间与地点的表达法。 四、看图作文（《名家指路》P81）

One day, on her way to school, Fangfang found a wallet near the bus station. She opened the wallet and found a lot of money and a calling card, so she knew the owner’s name, address and telephone. She thought the owner must be very worried. So she went to a public telephone and called the owner. Then she waited at the bus station. The owner came by taxi very soon, and Fangfang gave the wallet to her. The owner was so thankful to her that she took out a 100-yuan note to reward Fangfang .But Fangfang politely refused it and went on to school. 注意：类似第二篇，注意划线与斜体字部分。 五、求职信（《名家指路》P90）

English Department Wuhan University

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June 12, 1999

Dear Mr. Liu,

Recently I have learned from a newspaper that your company needs a secretary. I would love to get the position.

I’m a girl of 24 and 1.65 metres in height. I graduated from the English Department of Wuhan University and I have worked as an English teacher for two years at the university since graduation. I’m good at computer as well as English. I’m especially interested in writing and I have written more than thirty news reports and articles for newspapers and magazines. I want to be a secretary so as to practise and improve my writing. I’ll appreciate it if I am accepted and I’ll work hard to do my work well for the company. My telephone number is 027-88230617. With my wishes!

Yours sincerely,

注意：本篇为求职信，比私人信件来得正式，注意信头信尾。文中划线部分是求职信常见 套语。第一句还可以这样表达：

I learned from a newspaper that a secretary is needed in your company.

I learned from a newspaper that your company is in need of a secretary. I’d like to apply for the position. I think I am fit for the position. 第二句还可以这样表达：

Should I be accepted, I would try by best to work for the company.

I’d be very grateful if I could be accepted.

此外，还要注意个人信息的表达，如文中斜体字部分。记住下列词组及其用法： __ years old; graduate from; be interested in; be good at; do well in; win the 1st prize 六．通知（《名家指路》P117）

Attention, please. I’m sorry to tell you that the visit to the countryside we planned for this morning will be put off till tomorrow because of the rain. Please gather at the hotel gate at half past eight tomorrow morning and then we will take a bus to the countryside. Tomorrow morning we will visit a middle school, which has a history of 85 years. In the afternoon we will visit an industry exhibition, in which many new products are on show. Please get on the bus on time. Don’t forget to bring the things you need with you. If you have any questions, you can ask me. Thank you. 注意：类似第三篇。再体会祈使句和将来时在文中的用法。

七．假如你是李华，看到报纸招聘广告，用英语写一封求职信，要求包括下面内容， Wanted 姓名：李华 Beijing Watch Company 年龄：21

A secretary of the English language 出生：79，5，6

身体：健康

技能：打字，英语说写较好,驾 驶汽车

爱好：喜欢溜冰、擅长歌舞 Dear sirs,

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I have just read in the newspaper that a secretary of the English language is needed in your company. I am therefore writing to you to introduce myself. Id like to get the job. I am a girl of 21 years old. My name is Li Hua. I was born on May6,1979 in Shanghai. I have some working experience as a typist during my spare time at school. I speak and write English well and also drive a car.

I am in good health and fond of skating and good at dancing. I’m sure I’ll do a good job in office.

My telephone number is 644226648.

Yours faithfully

Li Jua

八．山东潍坊高三年级统一考试（2001/4）看图作文

One day Li Hua rode his bike to go fishing. When he got to a crossing, he found a terrible traffic accident. A motor hit a bike and both the driver and rider were seriously injured. Seeing this, Li Hua stopped immediately and managed to stop a bus. Quickly and carefully, they carried the injured person onto the bus. And at the same time, one passenger phoned to tell the doctor about the accident. When the bus reached the hospital, the doctors did what they could to save the injured persons without delay. When the two were under good treatment, Li Hua said good-bye and left. 注意：叙事性文体，注意时态—过去，时间状语的使用 九．南京市高三第一次统考（2001/4）看图作文

Hi, Mr Bobinson. I’m sorry to tell you that ZhangHua cannot come to your class today. After class yesterday, we were playing basketball when he fell down and had his left leg broken. He was in such a great pain that his face was pale. We immediately told the teacher and together we called an ambulance in and sent him to hospital. While the doctors and nurses were treating him, I telephoned his parents, and they immediately came to the hospital. The doctor said that he would have to stay in hospital for two weeks and they would examined his broken legs. So he will miss some of his lessons, but we’ll help him when he is well again.

注意：本篇为综合题型，题干虽是看图作文，而实际上是代人请假的便条，因此范文中的 第一句和最后一句可以说必不可少，它使文章更加连贯，成为一个整体。 十．2001年春季高考

假定你是李华，你所在的学校拟在下个月举办美国电影节（American Film Festival）。 请你根据以下要点给你的美国朋友Peter写一封短信，邀请他给学生做一次讲座。信的内容主要包括： 1．讲座目的：使学生多美国电影有所了解；

2．讲座内容：简要介绍美国电影（制片）业的历史； 3．讲座时间：1小时30分钟左右。 Dear Peter,

Our school is planning to hold an American Film Festival next month. I’m writing to ask you to come and give a talk on American films and filmmaking industry. It will help us understand how the industry has developed into big increasing their knowledge of American cultures in general. Do you think one and a half hours will be enough? Please let me know as soon as possible so that I can make arrangements.

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I’m looking forward to seeing you and enjoying the talk. With best wishes.

Yours

Li Hua

注意：作为春季高考，它与夏季高考有一定的联系，因此对本篇应特别重视。本篇看似容 易，其实叙述起来有一定难度。请记住文中划线部分。 十一． 省质检（2001/5）

March4, Sunday, Fine

At lunch yesterday, we learned through TV there would be a signature drive in Wuyi Square today. We decided to join in.

Father, mother and I left for the square at 8:00 this morning. When we arrived, we saw thousands of people there. Some TV reporters were covering the event. Like many others, and old man and his grandson were signing on a long piece of cloth, which read “Support Beijing’s Bid for the 2008th Olympics”. Some foreigners told me that they also came for the signature.

After signing, I was interviewed. “ I think this is an instructive event,” I said, “ We’re eagerly expecting the Olympics to be held in Beijing.” 注意：本篇为日记与看图的综合（比较第九）。注意与北京申奥有关的表达；注意用过去进 行时表达正在发生的事情。 十二． 北京海淀2001/6

你是Jack，五年后再次来到这个城市，发现它变化很大(如图所示)，你给朋友Mary发电子邮件，告诉她这里的变化。信的开头已为你写好。

注意：1．字数：约100字。 2．注：立交桥overpass；私家车private car Dear Mary,

This city has changed a lot in the past 5 years. First, more high buildings have appeared, which are modern and beautiful. Many overpasses have been set up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel. Besides, many families have got cars of their own. The people’s life here has become rich and colorful. People can enjoy themselves travelling on holidays. To my delight, I can taste delicious food of different countries such as the food of America, Japan and South Korea. And now it is easier for me to keep in touch with you than last time, for I can email you in my office.

注意：本篇为看图与说明性文章的综合。文章第一句总述，不可缺少。First; besides常用 来体现叙述的顺序、层次，起到连贯的作用。注意完成时的用法。

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十三． 北京东城（2001/6）（供参考）

以下六幅画描述了你10月9日那天上午到校后在教室里发生的事情。请根据这些图画用英语写一则日记。

要求：1.日记应包括所有图画的内容，可以适当增加细节，使日记连贯。 2.词数100左右。 3.女学生名叫王英。

Oct. 9th, Saturday I went to the classroom early this morning. When I went into my seat, I found my chair broken. There was nobody else in the room then, and I changed chairs with Wang Ying, because her seat was just before mine. After a while, Wang Ying arrived. When she saw the broken chair in her seat, she quickly went out and fetched some tools, then she began to repair it. When I saw this, my face went red and then I went out to help her repair the chair. 十四．北京西城区（2001/6）（供参考）

你于“五一”前夕—4月28日上午9点钟，与全班同学一起到学校附近的公园参加了一次公益劳动（voluntary labour）。全班分成了三个组。你在第三组。请你用日记的形式写一篇短文。

劳动任务安排

第一组 第二级

种树，浇花 拣拾游人丢弃的果皮纸屑，清洁座椅 16

第三组 擦拭儿童游乐场的设施 参考词汇：litter果皮纸屑等废弃物 注意：

1．短文必须写出提示及表格所列出的全部内容； 2．词数100左右；

April 28th

Saturday

Fine

It was Saturday, just before May Day. My classmates and I went to the park nearby. We didn’t go there for amusement but took part in voluntary labour.

When we got there at 9:00, we were divided into 3 groups and then began working.

The students in Group One planted trees and watered flowers. The task for Group Two was collecting litter left about by tourists and cleaning the benches. The group I was in got to the children’s playground and wiped all the equipment clean. We worked very hard.

At 11:00, when all the work was finished up, all my classmates met again. Everyone was in a sweat. Yet, we felt happy because we had done a good job.

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练习答案

天气描写 练习：

今天是星期天。早上天气很冷， 还下着小雨。中午时， 雨停了， 但是还是冷，又刮起了风，天气更冷了。我们本来计划去野炊，但由于这不好的天气，只好呆在家里。

It is Sunday today. It was very cold and rainy in the morning. At noon the rain stopped, but it was still cold. A cold wind began to blow and the weather became even colder. We had planned to go for a picnic, but because of the bad weather, we had to stay at home. 2. 景物描写 练习：

这就是我们的教室。 它大约6米长，4米宽，3米高。在前面墙上有一黑板，黑板前四老师的讲台；两边墙上有6个窗户，墙上还挂着一幅世界地图和一幅中国地图；教室里共有30张桌子和椅子。我们教室宽敞明亮，我们每天在这里学习。

This is our classroom. It is about 6 metres long, 4 meters wide and 3 meters high. On the front wall there is a blackboard, in front of which is the teaching desk. There are 6 windows in the walls of both sides, on which hang a map of China and a map of the world. There are altogether 30 desks and chairs in the classroom. Our classroom is bright and gracious. We study here everyday.

我们学校坐落在同安城北,依山傍水，风景秀丽。北面是梵天山，山脚下有一座庙。东面有一条小溪，小溪边有一医院；学校门口是一条公路。

Out school lies in the north of Tong’an , with some hills and a small river around it. Our school is very beautiful. North of it is the Fantian hill, at the foot of which is a temple. East of it there is a small river, nearby which there is a hospital. A high way runs by the school gate. 3. 人物描写

李明各个是个英俊的小伙子。他大约20岁，各自高高的，脸圆圆的，经常穿兰色的运动服。他喜欢打篮球，是学校篮球队队员。

Li Ming is handsome boy of about 20 years old. He is tall and has a round face. He often wears a sports suit. He likes basketball and is a member of the school basketball team.

今天早上，我在上学路上，听见有人叫我。他头发短短的，戴着一幅眼镜，我起初认不出他。直到靠近，我才认出他是王海的弟弟。他理了头发，还换了一幅眼镜。

This morning, on my way to school, I heard someone calling my name. He had short hair and was wearing a pair of glasses. I couldn’t recognize him at first. When he came up to me, I recognized that he was Wang Hai’s brother. He had his hair cut and was wearing a new pair of glasses. 4. 常用句型和从句 练习：

1. 昨天下午放学后，我正要回家这是天突然下起雨来。我只好等到雨听了才回家。 Yesterday afternoon, I was about to go home after school when it began to rain heavily. I had to wait

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at the school until the rain stopped.

2. 虽然天已经很迟了，他们仍然继续工作。 Though it was already late. They went on working.

3. 由于李华的妈妈病了，她不得不到医院照顾她。

As her mother is ill, Li Hua had to look after her in the hospital.

4. 当你走到第二个交叉路口时，向右转，一直朝前走，直到一所邮局前。

When you get to second crossing, turn right. Walk straight ahead until you come to a post office. 5. 我不知道魏芳今天为什么有迟到。 I wonder why Wei Fang was late today. 6. 他没有告诉我他何时回来。

He didn’t tell me when he would come back.

7. 他认为要在10天内完成这项任务是不可能的。 He thinks it impossible to finish the task within ten days. 8. 我想知道你们是如何找到他家的。 I wonder how you managed to find his house. 9. 教室非常吵，听不见老师讲什么。

It was so noisy in the classroom that I didn’t hear what the teacher was saying. 10. 直到他摘下眼镜我才人出他是我的一个同学。

I didn’t recognize that he was one of my classmates until he took of his galsses. 11. 阶段复习

? 魏华是个中学生，她今年16岁，活泼可爱。她大约1.6米，长着一双明亮的大眼睛，留

着长长的头发，常穿红色的衣服。她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。去年在校歌咏比赛中获第一名。 Wei Hua is a middle school student. She is a lovely girl of 16. She is about 1.6 meters tall and has big eyes and long hair. She often wears red clothes. She likes singing and dancing. Last year she won the first prize at the singing contest in our school.

? 今天我们去野炊。我们大约8点出发，9点左右来到一座小山。由于天气很热，我们在山

脚下休息了一会儿才开始爬山。花了半个小时才到达山顶。山顶上鲜花盛开，美丽极了。遗憾的是，在回家的路上天突然下起了大雨，我们都被淋湿了。

Today we went to have a picnic. We set out at about 8 o’clock and arrived at small hill an hour later. We felt very hot and had a short rest at the foot of the hill before we started climbing. It took us half an hour to get to the top of the hill, where there were flowers here and there. We enjoyed ourselves very much. Unfortunately, it began to rain hard on our way home and we were all wet to the skin when we got home.

? 美国是世界上最发达的国家之一。它西临太平洋，东临大西洋，北临加拿大，南临墨西

哥。美国由50 个州组成，华盛顿是它的首都，位于东部。美国人口大约2.5亿，面积大约900万平方公里。

The United States of America is one of the most developed countries. It faces the Pacific on the west and the Atlantic on the east. North of it is Canada, south of it Mexico. The United States is made up of 50 states, with Washington its capital in the east. It has population of about 250 million and an area of about 9 million square kilometers.

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书面表达基本功训练（二）

翻译练习：

1. 对不起，到火车站怎么走？

Excuse me, how can I get to the railway station?

2. 从旅馆出来后，向右转，沿着街道走，一直走到第而二个交叉路口。

When you come out of the hotel, turn right and walk along the street until you get to the second crossing.

3. 当你走到第二交叉路口时，向右转。 When you get to the second crossing, turn right. 4. 你可以搭1路车，在公园站下车。

You can a No. 1 bus and get off at the park stop.

5. 沿着人民路走大约100米，你将看见一家百货商店。

Walk along the Renming Road about 100 meters, and you will see a department store 6. 在邮局隔壁是一间书店。 Next to the post office is a bookstore. 7. 我相信你会很快找到我家的。 I believe you will find my home easily.

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16. Barking dogs seldom bite.

爱叫的狗不咬人.

17.A willing helper doesn’t wait until he is asked. 乐于助人者总是主动助人.

18. 虽然在下大雨, 但火车还是准时到达.

The train arrived on time though it rained hard . 19. 他通过乞讨为生.

He lives by begging . 20. 这里有些动物已经灭绝了.

Some animals here have died out. 21. 可怜的TOM 穿得破破烂烂.

The poor Tom dressed poorly.

22.这个病人不可不吃东西,但要吃不含糖的东西.

The sick man must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar. 23. 我的腿还在疼. My leg still hurts. 24. 火已经熄灭了.

The fire has gone out. 25.最后他们赢了. They won in the end.

26. 1937年爆发了抗日战争.

The Anti-Japanese broke out in 1937. 27.她不再哭了. She didn’t cry any more. 28. 他一直走到山边.

He walked as far as the hillside. 29.这支笔很好写。

The pen writes smoothly. 30. 这些苹果很好卖. These apples sell well. 31. 水果不易保鲜. Fruits can’t keep well.

32. 这种布很易洗.

This kind of cloth washes easily. 33. 她高兴地跳起来了. He jumped with joy. 34.你做得很好。

You are doing well/fine. 35. 表坏了。

The clock doesn’t work now.

36. 用石头建成的房子比用木头建的房子更耐用一些.

A house built of stones lasts longer than that built of wood.

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37. 李教授,很多学生想见你. 是让他们在这里等还是在外面?等? Professor Li , many students want to see you. Shall they wait here or outside? 38. 她疼得哭了起来. She cried with pain. 39.校长笑着进来了。

The headmaster came in with a laugh/smile. 40. 这间房子的窗户朝南.

The window of this house faces south.

41. 你是谁没关系. 但你会干什么有关系.

It doesn’t matter who you are , but it matters what you can do. 42. 我在这里一直等到10 点钟. I waited here until 10 o’clock. 43. 他急急忙忙地走了. He left in a hurry.

44. 两天后,天放晴了.

Two days later , it cleared up in the end. 45.汽车的价格会下降的.

The price of the car will go down/fall. 46. 这本杂志什么时候会出版? When will the magazine come out ? 47. 这个工程什么时候开工? When will the project start ? 48. 他为什么哭了? Why did he cry ? 49. 这个事情怎么发生的? How did it happen ?

50. 除了你,还有三个人赢了。

Besides you , three other people also won .

主谓宾结构本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。1．昨晚我写了一封信。 2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3．这本书他读过多次了。 4．他们成功地完成了计划。

5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

6．我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。

7．Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

8．我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？

1. I wrote a letter last night.

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2. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times.

4. They have carried out the plan successfully.

5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 6. I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. 7. Jim cannot dress himself.

8. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 9. He did not know what to say.

10. Do you mind my opening the window?

英语基本句型4 双宾语结构

说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.

用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；

（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 巩固练习：

1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4．他把车票给列车员看。

5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？

6．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。

7． 他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。 1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4.He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5.Shall I call you a taxi?

6.The new machine will save you a lot of labour.

7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first month’s salary.

英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构

说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm.

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I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.

He used to do his homework with his radio on.

用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 巩固练习：

1．我们叫她Alice.

2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3．他们把小偷释放了。 4．我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。

6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7．他每个月理一次发

8． 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 9．那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10．她正在听人家讲故事。

11．我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 12．他感到很难跟你交谈。

13．我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。

14．学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。

We call her Alice.

All of us considered him honest. They have set the thief free.

I want you to tell me the truth.

The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.

We won’t let her go out at night. We won’t let her go out at night.

9. The terrible sound made the children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. I have never seen the word used that way before.

He felt it very difficult to talk with you.

I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way.

The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.

英语基本句型6 There be 句型

说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并

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无实际语意。

此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：

There stands a hill in the middle of the park.

Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.

Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were…

将来有 there will be…；there is /are going to be... 现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be...

肯定有 there must be …/there must have been...

过去曾经有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …

碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be … 巩固练习：

2．这个村子过去只有一口井。

4．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 5．天气预报说下午有大风。

6．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 7．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.

8．恰好那时房里没人。

9．从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10．公共汽车来了。

11．就只剩下二十八美元了。 13．铃响了。

14. 在我的箱子里有一架美国生产的录音机，一些我在北大买的新书， 一本我收集了五年的装有英国邮票的集邮册和一个内装我母亲从英国寄来的三百英镑的大信封 There was only a well in the village.

Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. There used to be a cinema here before the war. There happened to be nobody in the room.

Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There comes the bus.

There remained only twenty –eight dollars.

There goes the bell. 14.??In my suitcase there is a recorder made in America,some new books which I bought in Beijing University, a book of Britain stamps I have collected for the last five years and a large envelope with 300 pounds my mother sent me from Britain.

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