(完整版)人教版高中英语必修三unit4知识点汇总及练习.doc

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 单元要点预览

1. loudly / loud / aloud

词语

3. remain / leave

辨析

4.climate / weather

1.violent adj.

强暴的，猛烈的

2. fundamental adj.基本

( 础 ) 的 n.[pl.] 基本原

则(法则)

3.development n.

词

生长，发展；新情况

汇

词

部

形

4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产

分

变

(蛋)

化

lay---laid---laid---layi ng

5. prevent vt.

预防，防止

6. gentle adj.

和蔼的；轻柔的

7. physics n.

物理，物理学

2.unlike / dislike

5.now that / since / because / as violence n.暴力，强violently adv. 强暴暴；猛烈地；猛烈地fundamentally adv. fundament n. 基础；基本地；根本地根本

develop vt. developed adj. 发达发展；产生的 developing adj. 发vi. 生长；发展展的

lie vi. 躺，平放；lie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎位于lie---lied---lied---lyin lie---lay---lain---lyi g

ng

prevention n.预防；preventable adj可.防阻止；妨碍止的，可预防的gently adv.温和地；

静静地

physicist n. physical adj.身体的；物理学家物理 (学)的；物质的

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1.system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法

bd9da2dabc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcb6by vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺 (地毯 ) ；产 (蛋)重

3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的

点4. exist vi. 存在；生存

单词 5. puzzle v.(使)迷惑； (使)苦思n.谜；难题

6.pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉 (引 )力

7.cheer vt.&vi. (使)高兴、振奋； (对)欢呼

1.to begin with 以开始；由作为开头；首先

2.in time 及时；最终；迟早重

3. in one ’ s 轮turn到某人；接着

点4. prevent...from 使不做事；阻止做某事

词5. block out 挡住（光线）

组6. be off = set off 出发；动身；不用上班 /学/开张

7.break out (灾难、战争等 )突发；爆发

8.watch out 密切注视；当心；提防

1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce

the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, 重点句

which were to make the earth’ s atmosphere.

子2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.

3.But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far

as on the earth and fell over.

重点语宾语从句和表语从句（见语法部分）

法

语言要点

Ⅰ .词语辨析

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1. loudly / loud / aloud

【解释】

loudly adv 响亮地，高声地

loud adj/adv 与 sing, speak, talk连用

aloud adv 相对默读而言；出声

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). Will you please speak ______?

2). It is good for you to read English ______ every morning.

3). The bomb exploded ______.

4). Is her voice ______ enough ?

5). Action speaks ______ than words 事(实胜于雄辩 ).

2. unlike / dislike

【解释】

unlike prep. 不像，和不同adj. [作表语 ] 不相似；不同

dislike vt./n. 不喜爱，厌恶

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). A good hotel managershould know his regular guests’ likes and ______.

2). Her latest novel is quite ______ her earlier work.

3). If you go on like that you’ ll get yourself _______ (like).

4). I was very interested in the lecture, ______ many of the students.

3. remain/leave

【解释】

remain vi. 仍然是；留下；剩下

常用句型： remain + n. 仍然是remain + adj./adv./prep. 仍然是remain + v-ed/v-ing 仍然是remain to be done有待去做，依然要做leave vt. 剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某人、事物）处某状态

﹑某地等

常用句型： leave sb. sth. / leave sth. to sb.给某人留下某物

leave sth (for sb) 留下，交待下 (某物 )leave sth to sb 将某物遗赠给某人

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remaining/left 两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). Someone ______ you this note while you were out.

2). After the earthquake, little ______ of the village.

3). He used the ______ money to buy a dictionary.

4). After buying the dictionary, he had not much money______.

5). Arriving home, I found that I’ d ______ my key in the office.

6). Don ’ t leave her ______ (wait) outside in the rain.

7). She remained _______ (change) after all these years.

8). A great many things remain _______ (do).

4. climate / weather

【解释】

climate 指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；

weather 指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). We shall go out for a picnic tomorrow if the _______ is fine.

2). A drier _______ would be good for your health.

3). I couldn’ t imagine what it would beolikelivet in a hot ________.

4). The _______ of our country is mild, but inpidual places experience bad ________.

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5. now that / since / because / as

【解释】

都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是 because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答 why 的问句或用于强调句型；其次是 since/now that，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是 as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的； for 引导的是并

列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). _______ everybody is here, let’ s begin our meeting.

2) It was _______ he was ill that he didn’ t go to school.

3). It must have rained last night, _______ the ground is all wet.

4). _______ we are alone, we can speak freely.

Ⅱ .词性变化

1. violent adj.强暴的，猛violence n.暴力，强暴；猛violently adv. 强暴地；猛烈的烈烈地

2. fundamental adj.基本fundamentally adv. 基本fundament n. 基础；根本(础)的 n.[pl.] 基本原则地；根本地

(法则)

3. development n.生长，develop vt.发展；产生developed adj. 发达的

发vi. 生长；发展developing adj. 发展的展；新情况

bd9da2dabc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcb6by vt.放下；摆设；产(蛋)

lay---laid---laid---layin g

5. prevent vt. 预防，防止lie vi. 躺，平放；位于lie n.&vi.谎话；说谎

lie---lay---lain---lying lie---lied---lied---lying

prevention n.预防；阻止；preventable adj可.防止的，妨碍可预防的

6. gentle adj.轻柔的gently adv.温和地；静静地

7. physics n.物理，物理physicist n.物理学家physical adj.身体的；物理学(学)的；物质的

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【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。

1). The naughty boy _______ (lie) to me that the hen that _______ (lie) there just

now had ______ (lay) two eggs the day before.

2). In my opinion, ________ (prevent) is more important than treatment.

3). Some programs on the Internet are full of ________ (violent) and sex.

4). With the ________ (develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is caused.

5). China is a ________ (develop) country belong to the third world.

6). There are ________ (fundament) differences between your religious beliefs and mine.

7). His ambition is to become a great ________ (physics).

Ⅲ .重点词汇

1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法systematic adj 有系统的 ; 有条理的[典例]

1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。

2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害。

[ 练习 ] 根据句子的意思完成句子。

1). The ______ ______ 教(育系统 ) operates very differently in the US and China.

2). He introduced us a well-designed ______ ______铁(路系统 ).

2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺 (地毯 ) ；产 (蛋)

[典例]

1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。

2). Who should we lay the blame on? 我们该责备谁 ?

[ 重点用法 ] lay 短语：

lay eggs 下蛋lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）

lay sth. down 把某物放下lay the blame on sb责.备某人

lay the table 摆桌子lay emphasis / stress on sth.把重点放在某事上[ 练习 ] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests.

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2). He is a political leader that _____ _____ _____ _____ (非常强调 ) inpidual responsibility.

3). He ______ some money ______ for rainy days.

3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n.&vt. 伤害（某人）

[典例]

Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking.

很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。

[ 重点用法 ]

be harmful to sb./sth. 对有害

do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb.对有害；伤害

[ 练习 ] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). Everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health.

2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do ______ to their growth.

3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。

_____________________________________________________________________

4. exist vi. 存在；生存existence n. 存在

[典例]

1). Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗 ?

2). I can hardly exist on the wage I我’靠m我getting挣的工.资简直难以餬口。

[ 重点用法 ]

exist + prep. 存在于地方exist on sth. 靠某物生存

[ 练习 ] 用 exist 的短语或其适当形式填空。

1). This plant ______ only ______ Australia.

2). Can you ______ ______ such a low salary?

3). I doubt the ______ (exist) of alien.

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5. puzzle vt.&vi. ( 使)迷惑； (使)苦思n.谜；难题

puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的puzzling adj.令人费解的

[典例]

1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。

2). Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.

他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。

[ 重点用法 ]

sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑 /为难

sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对感到迷惑

puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）

puzzle one’ s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁

solve a puzzle 解决一个难题

[ 练习 ] 用 puzzle 的适当形式填空或翻译。

1). To explain the ________ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.

2). I _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long.

3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.

4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began.

5). He _______ (puzzle) what to do next.

6). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情 ) is why he left the country without

telling anyone.

6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉 (引)力

[典例]

1). You push and I’ ll你pull来推.，我来拉。

2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.

我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。

[ 重点用法 ]

pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先（於某人 /物）

pull (sb) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）

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pull off (sth) （指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下）pull out(sth.)

拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）

pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）pull together 同心协力；通力合作

[ 练习 ] 用 pull 短语的适当形式填空。

1). I arrived as the last train was ______ ______.

2). He ______ ______ a gun and aimed at the criminal.

3). So long as we ______ ______, there’ s no mountain top we rcan.’ t conque

7. cheer vt. & vi. (使 )高兴、振奋； (对)欢呼

cheerful adj.高兴的cheerless adj不.高兴的

[典例]

1). The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared女.王出现时群众高声欢呼。

2). He was greatly cheered by the news.他听到这个消息非常高兴。

[ 重点用法 ]

cheer sb. on为某人加油cheer (sb) up（使某人）更高兴或更快活

[ 练习 ] 用 cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。

1). Your visit has greatly ______ him up.

2). The crowd ______ the runners ______ as they started the last lap.

3). You look as though you need ______ up.

Ⅳ .重点词组

1.to begin with = to start with [典例]

To begin/start with, I couldn [ 重点用法 ]

begin/start with 从开始以开始；由作为开头；首先

’ t understand a single 起word初，.我一句也没弄明白。 begin/start sth with 从开始

[ 练习 ] 根据句子的意思完成句子。

1). He ______ his speech ______ a poem.

2). His speech ______ ______ a poem.

3). ____ ____ _____, pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old.

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2.in time 及时；最终；迟早

[典例]

1). They caught the bus in time. 他们及时赶上了汽车。

2). If you keep on, you will succeed in time.如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。

[ 短语归纳 ] time 短语：

in time for sth./ to do sth. 及时；不迟in no time 立刻；马上at no time 永不

at one time 有个时期；曾经；一度at a time 一次；每次

at times = sometimes 有时all the time 一直；始终；老是

on time 按时；准时

by the time 到的时候为止for the time being 暂时；暂且

take one ’ s time不着急；慢慢来kill time消磨时间

from time to time 不时地，间或many a time 常常；多次

once upon a time 从前

at the same time 同时；尽管如此ahead of time 提前，提早

race against time 争分夺秒

time and again 一次又一次；重复地keep time (钟表 )走得准

keep bad time（钟、表）走得不准take one ’ s time慢慢来，别急

have a good/nice/hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很

It ’ s (high/about) time that sb. did/ should do sth是.做某事的时候了

[练习 ] 用 time 短语填空。

1). They sent the mail to me just _______ _______, before I 1eft.

2). William arrived at the theatre just _______ _______ for the play was to be on.

3). Hurry up! The concert will begin _______ _______ _______.

4). _______ _______ _______ will I give up.

5). The boy laughed and cried _______ _______ ______ ______.

6). _______ _______ _______ he was addicted to playing web games, but now he

devotes himself to writing, which delights his parents.

7). Don ’ t try to do everything at once; take it a bit _______ _______ _______.

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8). You ’ ll have your own office soon, but _______ _______ _______ _______ you’

have to share one with me.

3. in one’ s turn轮到某人；接着

[典例]

I will see you, each in your turn. 我将要一个接着一个地看你。

[ 短语归纳 ] turn 短语：

in turn 轮流；一个接着一个by turns 轮流；一阵一阵

take turns (to do sth.轮)流（做某物）

It ’ s one ’ s turn to do轮sth到某.人做某事了

[ 练习 ] 用 turn 短语填空或翻译句子。

1). She went hot and cold _______ _______.

2). 我们轮流着开车。

_____________________________________________________________________

3). 今天轮到谁发言了？

_____________________________________________________________________

4. prevent...from = stop...from = keep....from 使不做事；阻止做某事

[典例]

His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’ s game.

他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。

【用法辨析】注意 : prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的 from 可省 , keep sb. from

doing sth.中 from 不可省略，因为 keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的 from 都不可省；当后接 sb’ s doing sth作.宾语

时，只能用 prevent 或 stop，不能用 keep，因为没有 keep sb ’ s doing sth的.

句型。

[ 练习 ] 根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。

1). Doctors took action to _______ _______ _______ _______ _______防(止这种疾

病的蔓延 ).

2). Of course I can’ t _______ your going abroad.

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3). 警察阻止他们携带武器。

_____________________________________________________________________

5. block out 挡住（光线）

[典例]

That wall blocks out all the light. 那堵墙把光线都遮住了。

[ 短语归纳 ] out 短语：

break out 爆发，发生 burst out 大声喊叫，突然起来 go out 外

出；过时； (灯)熄

put out 关(灯 )；扑灭；生产 come out 出现，显露；出版，结果是

help out 帮助解决难题 (或摆脱困境 )

look out 留神；注意watch out 注意；提防

find out 找出，查明，发现

pick out 挑出，辨认出，分辨出speak out 大声地说，大胆地说

think out 仔细思考某事；想出（主意等）

hang out 挂出，闲逛knocked out (拳击中 )击倒，打昏

sell out 售完 (某种货物 )，脱销

turn out 结果证明是run out (of) 用完，耗尽

check out 结帐离去，办妥手续离去

hand out 分发，散发give out 分发；用完，消耗尽；发出 (光、声音等 ) [ 练习 ] 用 out 短语填空。

1). At the end of the race his legs _______ _______ and he collapsed on the ground.

2). It’ s easy to _______ him _______ in a crowd because he is very tall.

3). His nwe book will _______ _______ next month.

4). We thought it was going to rain; it _______ _______ to be a find day.

5). We _______ _______ of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.

6. be off = set off 出发；动身；不用上班 /学 /开张

[典例]

Then we were off. 随后我们就启程了。

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[ 短语归纳 ] off 短语：

get off 下车fall off从摔下来take off 脱下；起飞

keep off 远离turn off 关闭pay off 付清，还清

set...off 给送行kick off踢球

jump off 跳下give off 散发show off 炫耀shut off 关闭

[ 练习 ] 用 turn 短语填空或翻译。

1). It is a Sunday and we _______ _______不(用上班 ) today.

2). Her husband _______ _______ on a business trip somewhere.

3). There we saw a sign reading,“ _______ _______ the grass”.

4). After ten years of hard work, she finally _______ _______ all her debts.

7. break out (灾难、战争等 ) 突发；爆发

[典例]

Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。

[ 短语归纳 ] break 短语：

break away from 脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）break down 毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判 )失败

break up打碎；拆散； (会议 )结束；分裂 (解体 )break off (使 )停止；中断；折断break into sth. 强行进入某处break one ’ s word/promise食言；说话不算数

[ 练习 ] 用 break 短语填空。

1). A terrible tsunami _______ _______ in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas, 2004.

2). When do you _______ _______ for Christmas?

3). Negotiations between the two sides have _______ _______.

4). His house was _______ _______ last week.

8.watch out 密切注视；当心；提防

[典例]

Watch out! There’ rs comingaca.小心!汽车来了。

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[ 重点用法 ]

watch out for sb/sth 警惕或注意某人 /事物watch over 保护；照看

[ 练习 ] 用 watch 短语填空。

1). There must have been an angel _______ _______ me that day.

2). What problems should I _______ _______ _______ when buying an old house?

3). You ’ ll become an alcoholic if you don’ t _______ _______.

Ⅴ .重点句子

1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water

vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,which were to make the earth ’ s atmosphere.

它 (地球 )巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、

氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。

[ 解释 ] “ be +不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：

1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you are to go to her office after

class. 你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。

2). The worst is still to come. 更糟糕的事情还会发生。

3). We’ ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = We are to hold a meeting tomorrow. = A

meeting is to be held tomorrow. 我们明天将开会。

4). The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am.这趟火车将于上午10: 25 到达北

京。

[ 练习 ] 完成句子或翻译。

1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you ______ ______ ______ to

her office after class. (你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。 )

2). The worst is still ______ ______ (come).

3). We ’ ll hold a meeting tomorrow.

=We ______ ______ ______ a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is ______ ______ ______ tomorrow.

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4). 这趟火车将于上午10：25 到达北京。

_____________________________________________________________________ 2.That made it possible for life to begin to develop.

那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。

[ 解释 ] 此句中的 made 后跟带形式宾语 it 的复合结构，其中 it 是形式宾语，真正

宾语是不定式复合结构，“for live to begin to develop ，宾语补”足语是possible。再如： She made it her business to find out who was responsible.

她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。

提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think ，feel，find ， consider 等。例如：

1). We make it a rule to get up at 6 o ry morning’clock. eve

2). I find it hard to get along with him.

3). He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.他发现不可能离开德国

去美国了。

4). I think/find/feel/consider it my duty to help you. 我觉得我有责任帮助你。

[ 练习 ] 完成句子或翻译。

1). We ______ ______ ______ ______规(定 ) to get up at 6 o’ clock every morning.

2). I ______ ______ ______ (发现很难 ) to get along with him．

3). 他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。

_____________________________________________________________________ 4). 我觉得我有责任帮助你。

_____________________________________________________________________ 3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨

度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

[ 解释 ] twice as...as... 是的“两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：

1). 倍数 + as + adj./adv. + as 是“的几倍” My room is twice as large as his.

2). 倍数 + adj./adv.比较级 + than比“ (多/大)几倍”My room is twice larger than his.

3). 倍数 + the + 表示长度 /高度 /宽度等的名词 + of是“ 的长度/高度/宽度几

倍”My room is twice the size of his.

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注意：此结构中常用的名词有： size, height, weight, length, width depth 等。例如：1). This ruler is three times as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than that one.

= This ruler is three times the length of that one. 这把尺子是那把的三倍那么

长。 2). There are four times as many students as we expected到.的学生是我们预

计的五倍。

[ 解释 ] twice as ... as... 是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：

1). 倍数 + as + adj./adv. + as 是“的几倍” My room is twice as large as his.

2). 倍数 + adj./adv.比较级+ than “比 (多 /大)几倍” My room is twice larger than his.

3). 倍数 + the +表示长度 /高度 /宽度等的名词 + of 是“ 的长度 /高度 /宽度几倍”My room is twice the size of his.

注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width depth 等。

[ 练习 ] 完成句子或翻译。

1). 这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。

_____________________________________________________________________ 2). 到的学生是我们预计的五倍。

There are ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ we expected.

课文要点

Ⅰ .课文词汇填空

根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：

As the result of "Big Bang", the violent earth slowly settled into a globe 1 (move) around the sun. The gasses which were to make the earth's 2 （大气层） came into being from the explosion of the dust ball, with water 3 (follow) them while the earth cooled down. It allowed the beginning for life. Many millions of years 4 , the first 5 (极度的 ) small plants began to appear 6 the surface of the water, 7 ( 繁殖 ) and filling the sea and oceans, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. As time

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passed, green plants taking carbon dioxide and producing 8 （氧气）came to land and grew into forest. Later the chains of lives continued, such as insects, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs and mammals, the typical of9is human being. They don't only do10to the earth but cause damage to it.

Ⅲ .课文佳句背诵与仿写

1【原句】What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.

[模仿要点 ] 句子结构：what＋主语从句＋ is till +时间名词＋定语从句

【模仿 1】他要给我什么礼物一直不知，直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道。

_____________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到 3 年后我们从大学毕业以

后才知道。

_____________________________________________________________________

2【原句】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.

[ 模仿要点 ] 句子结构 : 主语从句＋is ＋ that 表语从句

【模仿 1】他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了。

_____________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。

_____________________________________________________________________

3【原句】 They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.

[ 模仿要点 ] 句子结构： which 引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明。

【模仿 1】我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐，这弄得我们的环境很脏

_____________________________________________________________________

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【模仿 2】她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评价了我们的急救，这使得我们

意识到学习急救的必要性。

_____________________________________________________________________ 单元自测

1完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1— 10 各题所给的 A 、B、C 和 D 项中，

选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Who said: "If I didn't have bad luck, I wouldn't have any luck at all！ " However，not all "bad luck" should be considered as a (n) 1 thing. When life gives you a kick,

let it kick you 2 ! In the 1920s, Ernest Hemingway 3 something about "bad luck" and got just such a kick. He was 4 to succeed as a writer when

5struck. He lost a suitcase containing all the manuscripts (手稿 ) that he had

been planning to publish.

Hemingway couldn't imagine doing his work all over again. All those months of writing were simply 6 .

He told a friend about his bad luck, who told him it was actually very good 7! He assured (向...保证 ) Hemingway that when he rewrote the stories, he would forget the 8parts; only the best material would reappear. He encouraged Hemingway

to start again, but with optimism and9this time. Hemingway did rewrite the stories and eventually became a world-famous writer.

Don't pray for fewer problems; pray for more ability. Don't ask for smaller

challenges; ask for greater 10. When life gives you a kick, let it kick you forwards!

1. A. essential B. confusing C. acceptable D. bad

2. A. backwards B. off C. on D. forwards

3. A. learned B. said C. heard D. solved

4. A. waiting B. struggling C. dreaming D. wishing

5. A. challenges B. changes C. disaster D. failure

6. A. buried B. failed C. wasted D. undone

7. A. fortune B. result C. journey D. idea

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8. A. weak B. important C. good D. last

9. A. knowledge B. confidence C. imagination D. luck

10. A. chance B. sympathy C. wisdom D. kick

2.语法填空

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为

1—10 的相应位置上。

On Wednesday morning at eleven o'clock, I was walking down Main Street. I had just parked my car. Suddenly I heard two shots. I thought they 1 (come) from the bank. I ran toward the bank. I saw a man 2 (come) out. He was short and fat 3 a big moustache. More 4 (importance),he had a bag of money and a gun in his hands! 5 I could do anything, he ran up the street 6 disappeared behind a bus.

That afternoon I went to the movies. 7 happened? I saw the thief again at the foot of the stairs! I telephoned the police from a telephone next to the rest rooms. The police arrived in8than five minutes. They arrested the thief just as he9 (buy) a chocolate bar from the candy machine. What an exciting day! And best of all, the bank gave me 10$ 100 reward.

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Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars答案语言要点

Ⅰ.词语辨析

1. loudly / loud / aloud

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

Keys: 1). louder2). aloud3). loudly4). loud5). louder

2. unlike / dislike

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

Keys: 1). dislikes2). unlike3). disliked4). unlike

3. remain/leave

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

Keys: 1). left2). remained3). remaining4). left

5). left6). waiting7). unchanged8). to be done

4. climate / weather

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

Keys: 1). weather2). climate3). climate4). climate; weather

5. now that / since / because / as

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

Keys: 1). since/now that2). because3). for4). Now (that)

Ⅱ.词性变化

【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。

Keys: 1). lied; lay; laid2). prevention3). violence4). development

5). developing6). fundamental7). physicist

Ⅲ.重点词汇

1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法systematic adj 有系统的 ; 有条理的

[ 练习 ] 根据句子的意思完成句子。

Keys: 1). educational system2). railway system

2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying)把放下；摆设；铺(地毯 ) ；产 (蛋 )

[ 练习 ] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

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