英语国家概况课后习题

英语国家概况课后习题 Chapter 1

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to

their country.

——2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain ,which originates in Wales

and flows through western England.

——3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh

language.

——4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest

part of Britain.

——5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild ,the temperature in

northern Scotland often falls bellow-10℃ in January.

——6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.

——7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.

——8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the

late 16th century.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements. 1. The two main islands of the British Isles are——

A.Great Britain and Ireland B.Great Britain and Shcotland C.Great Britain and England D.Great Britain and England 2. ——is the capital city of Scotland.

A.Belfast B.Edinburgh C.London D.Cardiff

3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, ——is the smallest. A.England B.Scotland

C.Wales D.Northern Ireland

4. English belongs to the ——group of the Indo-European family of

languages.

A.Celtic B.Norman C.Germantic D.Roman

5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of -——words to English.

A.Danish and Finnish B.Dutch and German C.French and Italian D.Latin and Greek

6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the——influence. A.Norman B.Dutch C.German D.Danish

7. Samuel Johnson‘s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard

form of——.

8. At present,nearly ——of the world‘s populations communicate in

English.

A.half B.a quarter C.one third D.one fifth Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1. Why do tourist from all over the world like go to Scotland?

2. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided intoand what are they?

3. Why did English become more important after the Black Death? Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions. 1. Who are the British people? 2. What is Standard English?

Chapter 2

Ⅰ.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true(T) or false(F). ——1.Birtish history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. ——2.The Anglo Saxon came to Britain in the 5th century.

——3.The chief or king of the Anglo Saxon tribes exercised power at their own

will.

——4.The Viking began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.

——5.Henry Ⅱ built up a large empire which included England and most of

france.

——6.The Magana Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the

privileged class and townspeople.

——7.The Hundred Years‘War was a series of wars fought between the British

and the Vikings for trade and territory.

——8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious

factions,Queen Elizabeth Ⅰactually defended the fruit the Reformation. Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

1. The——attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.

A. Norman B. Danish C.Celtic D.Germanic

2. By the late 7th century, ——became the dominant religion in England.

A. Celtic Christianity B. Anglo Saxons Christianity C.Germanic Christianity D. Roman Christianity

3. The——marked the establishment of feudualism in England.

A.Viking invasions B. signing of the Magna Carta C.Norman Conquest D.adoption of common law 4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of—— A.the House of Valois B. the House of York

C. the House of Tudor D. the House of Lancaster

5. The direct cause ofor the Reformation was King Henry Ⅷ‘s effort

to——.

A.divorce his wife B.break with Rome

C.support the Protestant D.declare his supreme power over the church 6. The English Civil War broke out in1642 between ——

A.the Protestant and the Puritans B.the Royalist and the Parliamentarian

C.the nobles and the peasants D.the aristocrats and the Christians 7. ——was passed after the Glorious Revolution.

A.The Bill of Rights B.The Act of Supremacy C.The Provisions of Oxford D.The Magna Carta

8. The Industrail Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of

the ——century.

A.17th B.18th C.19th D.20th

Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1.What were Queen Victoria‘s major achievements? 2.What were the two camps in the World WarⅠ?

3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the Uinited States after World War Ⅱ?

Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.

1.What were the results of the Industrail revolution in Britain? 2.Explain the rise and fall of the British Empire.

Chapter 3

Ⅰ.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true(T) or false(F). ——1.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the

working of the England government.

——2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history. ——3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the house of all government powers. ——4.The British Parliament is the law making body of the Commonwealth of

Nations.

——5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. ——6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the minority party in

Parliament.

——7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political

parties in Parliament.

——8.The legal systems in England ,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland are

much similar in terms of law,orgalizations and practice.

Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branchs EXCEPT the——.

A.judiciary B.legislature C.monarchy D.executive

2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on——. A.passing bills B.advising the gowernments C.political parties D.public attitude

3. As a revising chamber ,the House of Lords is expected to——the House

of Commons.

A.rival B.complement C.criticize D.inspect 4. ——is at the center of the British political system.

A.The Cabinet B.The House of Lords C.The House of Commons D.The Privy Council 5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to ——. A.make decisions B.give advice

C.pass bills D.supervise the Cabinet 6. Generally speaking,the British Parliament operates on a ——system. A.single party B.two party C.three party D.multi party

7. The politices of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism

and——.

A.government intervention B.nationalization of enterprises C.social reform D.a belief in individualiam 8. In Britain,the parliamentary general election is held every——years. A.three B.four C.five D.six Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?

2. What kind of public image does the Liberal Democrats have in Britain? 3. Why are independent candidates unlikely towin in the general elections?

Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.

1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involves during the process of a general election?

2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?

Chapter 4

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.

——2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar

period.

——3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent.

——4.Thatcher‘s revolution turned out to be agreat success in dealing with all

the British economic and social problems.

——5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of

the old Labor Party and the Conservetive Party.

——6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in oder to separate politics

from economic policy.

——7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history. ——8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

1. The —— in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.

A.oil crisis B.high inflation rates C.large imports D.unemployment problem

2. Of the following practices, ——did not belong to Thatcher‘s social welfare reform.

A.reducing child benefits

B.shortening the period of unemployment benefits C.reducing unemployment D.lowering old age pension

3. The Blair government was successful in the following aspect EXPECT——.

A.limiting government spending B.keeping inflation under control C.reducing unemployment D.reducing inequality 4. Britain has devoted about——of its land area to agriculture. A.50% B.60% C.70% D.80%

5. Britain‘s important fishing areas include all the following EXCEPT——. A.the North Sea B.the English Channel

C.the area around the Irish coast

D.the sea area between Britain and Ireland

6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides——of the energy consumed in

the country.

A.one third B.one fourth

C.one fifth D.two thirds 7. The car industry in Britain is mostly ——.

A.foreign owned B.state owned C.joint owned D.privately owned

8. Of the following sectors in Britain, ——has experienced spectacular

growth since the end of the World War Ⅱ.

A.agriculture B.the energy industry

C.the service sector D.the manufacturing industry

Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1.What was the negative aspect of Thatcher‘s reform in the early 1980s. 2.What are the charactoristics of Britain‘sagriculture?

3.What happened to Britain‘s beef industry in the mid 1990s? Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.

1.What were the major causes of Britain‘s relative economic decline in the postwar period?

2.Why do developed nations like Britian encourage the development of the service industry?

Chapter 5

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1.The Britain government has been responsible for education since the early

1800s.

——2.Education inBritain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6

and 15.

——3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the states system and the

independent system.

——4.When children finish their schooling at 16,they are required to take a

national GCSE examination.

——5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to

enter famous universities than those from independent schools. ——6.The Times is the world oldest Sunday newspapers.

——7.The BBC World Service broadcast only in English throughout the world. ——8. Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the

Christian calendar,and some others are related to local customs and traditions.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

1. In Britain,the division between grammer schools and vocational schools was ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the ——.

A.1930s B.1940s C.1950s D.1960s

2. Over——of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.

A.5% B.6%

C.7% D.Partially funded 8%

3. Partially funded by central government grants,most of the British universities receive the remaining funds from all the following sources EXCEPT——.

A.tuition fees B.loans

C.donations D.corporate contributions 4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needs——. A.some educational qualificatons

B.no educational qualifications

C.the General Certificate of Education Advanced level.

D. the General Certificate of Secondary Education

5. Among Britain‘s quality press,the following newspapers are regarded as

the ―Big Three‖EXCEPT——.

A.The Times B.The Guardian

C.The Observer D.The Daily Telegraph

6. Life On Earth is a kind of ——program produced by the BBC is popular

worldwide.

A.radio B.drama

C.documentary D.soap opera

7. ——is Britain‘s top pay television provider.

A.BSB B.SkyTV C.BBC D.BSkyB

8. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British EXCEPT——.

A.Trooping the Color B.the Queen‘s Christmas message C.Boxing Day D.the Christmas pantomime

Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1.What used to be the major functions of grammer schools and vocational schools in Britain.

2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?

3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom? 4.What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture? Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.

1.What are the general features of Britain‘s independent schools? 2.What are the ―Quality Press‖and the ―tabloids‖in Britain?

Chapter 6

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1.The Canterbury Tales is representative work of the old English period. ——2.The Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin

classic works.

——3.As a great English peot,Alexander Pope also translated Homer‘s Iliad. ——4.Jhonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English

language,and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.

——5.William Wordsworth amd Sumuel Taylor Colerdge brought the Romantic

Movement to its height.

——6.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short

poems,such as ―Ode to the West Winds‖.

——7.Jane Austen is a well known novelist of the stream of consciousness school. ——8.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism,which prevailed

before World War Ⅱ.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements. 1. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is——.

A.poetry B.drama C.novel D.pamphlet

2. ——is viewed as Romantic poetry‘s ―Declaration of independence‖.

A. ―I Wonder Lonely as a Cloud‖ B.Don Juan

C.The preface to Lyrical Ballads D.Prometheus Unbound 3.Of Dicken‘s novels, ——is considered most autobiographical.

A.A Tale of Two Cities B.Davied Copperfied C.Oliver Twist D.Great Expectations

4. ——is a representative of English Critical Realism in the turn of the 19th

century.

A.Robert Louis Setevenson B.John Milton C.Joseph Conard D.Thomas Hardy 5. Of the following books, ——is NOT written by Thomas Hardy. A.Jude the Obscure B.Tess of the d‘Urbervilles C.Adam Bede D.The Return of the Native 6. ——is not included in the modernist group.

A.Oscar Wilde B.Virginia Woolf

C.William Bulter Yeats D.T.S.Eliot

7. Of the following writers, —— is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.

A.Samuel Beckett B.James Joyce C.William Golding D.V.S.Naipual 8. Waiting for Godot is written by——.

A.Samuel Beckett B.Geroge Orwell C. William Golding D.D.H.Lawrance

Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1.What are the three catergries of Shakespeare‘s plays and their representatives?

2.What is Critical Realism?

3.What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of 19th century? 4.What is the stream of consciousness?

Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions. 1.What is Romanticism?

2.What are the characteristics of English literauture in the 20th century?

Chapter 7

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland. ——2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.

——3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of

Britain.

——4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic, but belonged to the British

Commonwealth of Nations.

——5.Ireland‘s economy wasn‘t affected by World War Ⅱ because it remained

neutral during the war.

——6.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and

returned the six northern counties.

——7.English is the only official language in Ireland because the majority of

people speak it as their mother tongue.

——8.Catholicism in Ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith, but of

public identity.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

1. ---- established a unified Irish culture and language in the 6th century BC.

A. Hunter-gatherers from Britain B. Celtic tribes C. British invaders D. The Vikings

2. Divergent views about ----resulted in the Irish Civil War.

A. the Act of Union

B. the Unilateral Declaration of Independence C. the Anglo-Irish Treaty D. the Anglo-Irish Agreement

3. -----was the first Irish President to visit Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ.

A. Eamon de Valera B. John A. Costello C. Mary Robinson D. Albert Reynolds 4. -----brought Anglo-Irish relations to a new height.

A. The British recognition of the Irish Republic

B. The signing of the Downing Street Declaration

C. The signing of the Belfast Agreement

D. The IRA‘s formal declaration of the disarmament in 2005 5. In Ireland, the head of state is-----

A. the Prime Minister B. the President

C. the British monarch D. the General Governor

6. ------has been the dominant party in Ireland since 1930s and supports

peaceful reunification of the island of Ireland.

A. Fine Gael B. The Labor Party

C. Fianna Fail D. The Progressive Democrats 7. Emigration in Ireland started since the ----

A. medieval period B. 17th century

C. Great Potato Famine D. early 18th century

8. Ireland now has a ---- economy.

A. agriculture-based B. knowledge-based

C. industry-based D. foreign investment-based

Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1. Why was Cork given the nickname ―the Rebel County‖? 2. Who were the first groups of people that came to Ireland? 3. Why did Ireland remain neutral in World War Ⅱ？ Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.

1. What is the significance of the following documents: the Act of Union, the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the Anglo-Irish Agreement and the Belfast Agreement? 2. What are the goals of the main political parties in Ireland?

Chapter 8

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachian Range hold one-third of

the country‘s continental territory.

——2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate, with some

mild subtropical and tropical zones.

——3.A 50-centimeter rainfall line runs through the middle of the United States. ——4.New York is composed of five boroughs, including Manhattan, Brooklyn,

the Bronx, Staten Island and Queens.

——5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the

world-famous Hollywood is located here.

——6.During the 1830s and the 1840s, many Northern Europeans and Irish

immigrants came to America.

——7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s

were Asians.

——8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work

hard for a higher standard of living.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

1. The U.S. lies in ----North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its ----and the Pacific to its -----.

A. northern, east, west B. central, east, west C. southern, west, east D. western, west, east 2. The continental United States has-----states.

A. 50 B. 49 C. 48 D. 35

3. The state of ----- is the largest in area of all the U.S. states.

A. Alaska B. Hawaii C. Texas D. Florida 4. The longest river in the U.S. is ------

A. the Missouri River B. the Mississippi River C. the Ohio River D. the Lake Itasca

5. Some of the world-famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are

located in----.

A. the South B. the West

C. New England D. the Midwest

6. San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to ---- A. Montana B. Utah

C. Maine D. California

7. The Immigration Act of 1924 restricted further immigration into the

United States, particularly from------. A. Europe B. Asia

C. Africa D. South America

8. The characteristics of the dominant American culture are---

A. English-speaking, Northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-class

B. English-speaking, Western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class

C. English-speaking, Northern European, Protestant and upper-class D. English-speaking, Western European, Protestant and middle-class

Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions. 1. How is the American population distributed? 2. Why was the Immigration Act of 1924 instituted?

Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.

1. Why is the United States regarded as a ―melting pot‖ and a ―salad bowl‖? 2. What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?

Chapter 9

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1.American was named after Amerigo Vespucci,who arrived on the new

continent after Columbus.

——2.The Second Continental Congress was held in Phiadelphia,and the

Continental Army and Navy was established under the command of Thomas Jerfferson.

——3.The Amemrican Civil War not only put an end to slavery,but also make

American a single,indivisible nation.

——4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.

——5.In1990,American troops and the troops from allied nations took joint

military action in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.

——6.According to the American government,Saddam Hussein and Osama bin

Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on Septemble11,2001.

——7.The Bush administration regarded Iraq a nation among the ―axis of the

evil‖.

——8.On March 20,2003,American and United Nations‘troops, supposed by

several other countries,began an invasion of Iraq.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

1. The first successful English conoly in North America was founded at——in——.

A.Jamestown,Louisiana B.Boston, Massachusetts C.Jamestown,Virginia D.Plymouth,Gergia 2. The Seven Years‘War occurred between——.

A.the French and the American Indians B.the French and the Spanish

C.the French and the British D. the British and the American Indians

3. ―No taxation without representation‖was the rallying slogan of——.

A.the settlers of Virginia B.the people of Pennsylvania C.the colonists in New England D.the people of the 13 colonies

4. In May 1775, ——was held in Phiadelphia and began to assume the

functions of a provisional government.

A.the First Continental Congress B.the Second Continental Congress C.the Boston Tea Party D.the Congress of Confederation 5. Abraham Lincoln issued the ——to grant freedom to all slaves. A.Declaration of Independence B.Constitution C.Emancipation Proclamation D.Bill of Rights

6. The policy of the United States was ——at the beginning of the two World

Wars.

A.nuetrality B.full involvement

C.partial involvement D.appeasement

7. President —— introduced the NⅡew Deal to deal with the problems of the

Great Depression.

A.Wilson B.Truman C.Roosevelt D.Kennedy

8. The Vietanam War was a long time suffering for Americans,and its

continued throughout the terms of president——.

A.Johnson,Nixon and Ford B.Truman,Eisenhower and Kennedy C.Kennedy,Johnson and Nixon D.Eisenhower,kennedy and Johnson Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1.Why did American change its policy and enter World War Ⅱ?

2.What were Nixon‘s well known contributions during his presidency? 3.What were the measures of Reagan‘s economic program? Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions. 1.What was the course of the American Civil War?

2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War Ⅱ?

Chapter 10

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are true(T) or false (F). ——1.The Bill of Right was written into the Constitution in 1787.

——2.The form of the American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers and respect for the Constitution and rule of law.

——3.The US Congress consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the

House of Lords.

——4.The judicial branch of the US federal government consists of a series of

courts: the supreme court, the courts of appeals and the district courts. ——5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.

——6.The American presidential campaigns adhere to the ―winner-takes-all‖

practice.

——7.The American foreign policy throughout World War 2 was neutrality.

——8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment

and intervention.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements. 1.The US.Constitution came into effect in

A. 1787 B. 1789 C. 1791 D.1793

2. The Constitution of the United States

A. gives the most power to Congress B. gives the most power to the president

C. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others D. gives the most power to the Supreme Court 3.The Bill of Right

A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the President B. guarantees citizens of the US specific individual rights and freedom C. is part of the Declaration of Independence D. has no relationship with the Constitution.

4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are ___ and ___ years

reapectively.

A. 2;4 B.2;3 C. 2;6 D.6;2

5. All the following can make legislative proposals EXCEPT A. the senator B. the Representative C. the secretary of state D. the president 6.The following are all powers of the President EXCEPT

A. vetoing any bills passed by Congress B. appointing federal judges when vacancies occur

C. making laws D.issuing executive orders 7. The Supreme Court is composed of ___ justices

A. 6 B. 7

C. 8 D.9

8. The president is directly voted into office by ___

A. all citizens of America B. the citizens over 18 years old

C. electors elected by the voters D. the senators and the representatives

Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1.what are the two characteristics of the us constitution?

2.what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? 3.what are the major powers of the Supreme Court?

4.what are the differences between the Democrats and the Republicans in terms of political ideology.

Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.

1.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?

2.what was President Eisenhower‘s foreign policy and what were the consequences?

Chapter 16

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1.In terms of landmass, Australia is the sixth largest country in the world. ——2.The name ―Sydney‖ means ―meeting place‖ in the Aboriginal language. ——3.The first documented European expedition to Australia was made by Abel

Tasman.

——4.Australia Day is on January 26, which originates from the establishment

of the first British colony on this day in 1788.

——5.There was a period of great economic expansion in Australia following the

gold rush in the 1850s.

——6.The purpose of the Immigration Restriction Act in 1901 was to restrict

European immigrant numbers.

——7.The economy in Australia developed rapidly by means of the policy of

―men, money and markets‖ in the 1920s.

——8.It was Britain that helped protect Australia from the Japanese in the

Battle of the Coral Sea during World War Ⅱ.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements. 1.____ is the lowest point in Australia.

A. Lake Eyre B. The Great Artesian Basin C. Mount Kosciuszko D. The Great Victoria Desert 2.____ is Australia‘s capital.

A. Sydney B. Melbourne C. Brisbane D. Canberra

3.Britain‘s first permanent colony was founded in ____ .

A.1606 B.1770 C.1787 D.1788

4.The Commonwealth of Australia was established in ____ . A.1847 B.1885 C.1900 D.1901

5.The movement to gain recognition of Aboriginal rights was started in the

____ .

A.1950s B.1960s

C.1970s D.1980s

6.Australia completely abolished the White Australia Policy during the

government of ____ .

A. Earle Page B. Gough Whitlam

C. Joseph Lyons D. Stanley Bruce

7.The following were all aspects of the economic reforms which took place

between 1983 and 1996 EXCEPT ____ .

A. enlarging the scale of the mining industry B. deregulating the financial market C. reducing tariffs

D. privatizing the state-owned enterprises

8.The Howard government‘s foreign policies were based in relations with

four key countries, namely, ____ .

A. the U.S. ,Japan, Britain, China B. the U.S. ,Japan, China, Indonesia C. the U.S. ,Japan, Britain, China D. the U.S. , Britain, China, China

Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1.Why did the six colonies want the country unified at the end of the 19th century ?

2.What is the ―ANZAC Day‖ ?

3.What was the aim of the economic reforms which took place between 1983 and 1996 ?

Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.

1.What were the effects of the two World Wars on Australia ?

2.What efforts did the Australian government make to deal with the racial issues in the 1960s and the 1970s ?

Chapter 17

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1. Australia‘s government system mainly reflects the British model of liberal

democracy.

——2.The party or group of parties with a majority in the House of

Representatives forms the government in Australia.

——3.The Australian Constitution can be changed either by the government‘s

will or by referendum.

——4.The Australian Senate has more power than the House of Representatives

to make laws.

——5.In Australia the King or Queen of Britain serves as the symbolic head of

state.

——6.For Australia citizens over the age of 16, it is compulsory to vote at

election time.

——7.Multiculturalism in Australia advocates a multicultural society based on

European and Asian ethnic backgrounds.

——8.Since Australia has a vast cultivable area, it has become the world‘s

leading exporter of agricultural products.

Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.

1.Of the following, ____ is NOT among the three major Australian political parties.

A. the Australian Labor Party B. the Nationals

C. the Liberal Party D. the United Australia Party 2. Australia tries to attract immigrant from any country with ____ .

A. a good family background B. education or work skills C. high social status D. adequate work experience

3. Australia‘s high economic performance is due to its ____ and ongoing structural reform.

A. open-up policy B. effective economic management C. historical development D. proper investment

4. Australia is a leading supplier of ____ to international markets. A. hi-tech products B. agricultural products C. industrial products D. mineral resources 5. Australia‘s foreign capital mainly comes from ____ .

A. the United States and Japan B. Britain and Germany

C. Japan and Republic of Korea D. Britain and the United States

6.Among the following tourist attractions, ____ can be seen from the moon. A. the Gold Coast B. Uluru

C. the Great Barrier Reef D. the Sydney Opera House 7. ____ is/are mainly responsible for education in Australia.

A. the federal government B. the individual states

C. the territory assemblies D. the municipal government

8.The Australian system of teaching and school discipline puts emphasis on

the following EXCEPT ____ .

A. learning by discovery and questioning B. self-discipline C. preparing for test

D. encouraging students‘ interest in learning

Ⅲ.Give brief answers to the following questions.

1.What is the three-tier system of the Australian government ?

2.What are the chief functions of the House of Representatives in Australia ? 3.What‘s the status of tourism in the economy of Australia ? Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.

1.Why can Australia attract people from over 200 countries worldwide to make their home there ?

2.What are the main features of Australian higher education ?

Chapter 18

Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F). ——1.New Zealand is mainly composed of two islands in the Pacific Ocean.

——2.The highest peak in New Zealand is Mount Cook, which lies in the center

of the Southern Alps.

——3.In 1907, New Zealand changed from a British colony to a separate

dominion like Australia and Canada.

——4.Helen Clark served three terms as the Prime Minister of New Zealand. ——5.Like many other countries, New Zealand has a formal written

constitution.

——6.There is only one chamber in New Zealand‘s Parliament – the House of

Representatives.

——7.Agriculture is important to New Zealand‘s economy, so most New

Zealanders live in suburban areas.

——8.The Maori language is one of the official languages in New Zealand. Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements. 1. ____ is often referred to as ―our third island‖ of New Zealand.

A. Polynesia B. The North Island C. The South Island D. The Stewart Island 2.The climate in New Zealand is ____ .

A. subtropical B. arctic C. temperate D. tropical

3.The ____ were the first group of people who arrived on the island of New Zealand.

A. Maoris B. Europeans C. Australians D. Chinese

4. New Zealand was granted internal self-government in ____ . A. 1804 B. 1852 C. 1893 D. 1907

5.During World War Ⅱ, New Zealand strengthened its relationship with

____ .

A. Britain B. the United States C. Australia D. France

6. ____ is the head of the New Zealand government.

A. The British monarch B. The Governor General

C. The Prime Minister D. The President 7.The Cabinet is responsible to ____ in New Zealand.

A. Parliament B. the Prime Minister C. the British monarch D. the Governor General 8.Schooling in New Zealand is compulsory for all children ____ .

A. from ages 6 to 12 B. from ages 6 to 14 C. from ages 6 to 16 D. from ages 6 to 18

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