高中英语语法讲解与练习之主谓一致

高中英语语法之主谓一致

概述：1) 语法形式上要一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致 2) 意义上要 一致,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义. 1 并列结构作主语时当意义为复数时谓语用复数

注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词.

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were

答案B. 注:,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.

2 主谓一致中的靠近原则

总的来说，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week. Either you or she is to go. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数

1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.

3) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数. Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.

5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. All is right. (一切顺利.) All are present. (所有人都到齐了.)

2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体. His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.

His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者.

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情况下都用复数形式. Are there any police around

3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数. A number of +名词复数+复数动词. The number of +名词复数+单数动词.

A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.

6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books.

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.

Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书.

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市.

主谓一致中的\表里不一\现象

和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下

1,\名词\作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:

More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.

2, \名词\作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如: Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.

3,\及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词\作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:

\所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利

5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:What they want to get is the number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.

6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如: No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.

7,当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:

My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京. 8,each作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:

They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.

9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:

Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如: The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.

11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news, works, plastics等同属此类.例如:

Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.

当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示\学科\以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点)economics（经济意义）等

12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有\一条\一副\一把\之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如:

The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器）.clothes. 等

13,\名词\作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.例如: One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.

14,\复数名词\作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.

15,\复数名词+ 定语从句\结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在\复数名词+

定语从句\的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如: He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.

16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如:

One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.

以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题

英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难，以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。

（一）以-s结尾的疾病名词作主语，谓语用单数

（二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题 Darts is basically a easy game.

但当Darts，Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。 例如： Three darts are thrown at each turn. All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.

（三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题

某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。 例如：

The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.

In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.

但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如： The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.

练习

1. Neither of them ______ going to the cinema. Both of them _____ going to the cinema. A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are ; was D. are ; is 2. All but one _____ here just now. All that I want to say ____ this.

A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were

3. A number of students ____ gone for an outing. The number of the students ______ increasing year. A. have; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; is

4. Some of the oranges ______ turned bad. Some of the milk _______ turned sour (酸). A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D. have; is

5. Each student -____ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each ______ a dictionary.

A. have; has B. has; have C. have; have D. has; has

6. There _____ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There ________ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.

A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is

7. Either the judge or the lawvers ________ wrong. Either you or he _______ to blame. A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is

8. His family ______ all very well. His family _______ a “ five good” one. A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are

9. My blue trousers ______ worn out. One pair of trousers ______ not enough.

A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is

10. Our League secretary and monitor ______ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor ______ good friends.

A. take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are

11. The girl as well as his parents _______ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor ______ surprised

at Mary’s answer.

A. have; was B. have; were C. has; was D. has; were

12. Who _____ the girl singing in the next room? Who ______ these people over there? A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is

13. Most of the students _____ boys. Most of his money _____ spent on books.

A. are; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are

14. The policeman ______ standing at the street corner. The police _____ searching for him. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is

15. The glasses ______ mine. That pair of glasses _____ my brother’s. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is

16. The news at six o’clock _____ not true. Those pieces of news _____ to be broadcasted. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is

17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons ______ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, ____ taking a walk in the park now.

A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is

18. No one but Jane ______ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I ___ in the classroom at that time. A. know; was B. knows; was C. know; were D. knows; were

19. There _______ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _____ something wrong with the machine. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; is D. were; are

20. He is one of the boys who _____ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _____ never late for school.

A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is

21. What they have done ______ of great use to us. What he says and what he does ___ agree. A. is; not B. is; do not C. are; does not D. are; not

22. Every picture except these two _______. Everything around us _____ matter.

A. have been sold; is B. have been sold; are C. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are

23. A woman with two children ______ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, ___ moved to Paris. A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has

24. one sixth of our classmates _____ from peasant families. One fifth of her time ____ devoted to writing. A. comes; is B. come; are C. come; is D. comes; are

25. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _____ League members. About 40% of Jim’s income ________ to the rent (租金).

A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; go

26. It is this teacher who ______ leaving for London. It is you who ____ next.

A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is

27. The population of the earth _____ increasing fast. One third of the population here _____ workers. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are

28. This kind of snakes _____ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _____ hard to find. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 29. Half of the visitors _____ from Europe. Half of the fruit _____ bad. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are

30. Every man worker and every woman worker _____ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _____ given a present.

A. enjoy; is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys; is D. enjoys; are

31. Many a man ______ seen the wonderful film. Many men _____ seen the wonderful film.

A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have

32. Going to bed early and getting up early _____ a good habit. Singing and dancing _____ two of the things that he likes best.

A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are

33. Such ______ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such ______ her words. A. were; were B. was; were C. were; were D. was; was

34. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _____ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _____ burnt last night.

A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are

35. If anybody _____, ask him to wait. _____ there anything I can do for you? A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D. comes; Is

36. Chinese _____ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are

37. Little _____ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much _____ done to against fight pollution. A. has been; have been B. have; has C. has been; has been D. have been; have been

38. Do you know the singer and dancer who _____standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which ____ Taiwan.

A. is; are B. is ; is C. are; is D. are; are

39. Each of the girls ____ an orange. Each ______ his duty.

A. have; has B. have; have C. has; has D. has; have

40. When we are to hold the sports meet ____ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails ______ matter. A. have; don’t B. has; don’t C. have; doesn’t D. has; does’t 41. Her clothes ____ nearly worn out. His physics ______ weaker than others. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are

42. Five hundred dollars ______ more than he can afford. A. is B. are 43. Food and clothing ____ daily necessities for people. A. is B. are

44. The United Nations ___ trying to persuade the two countries. A. is B. are 45. Three kilometers ____ not a long distance. A. is B. are

46. To say something _______ one thing, to do it _____ another. A. is; is B. are; are 47. Reading English magazines and novels ____ helpful to your study of English. A. is B. are

48. He like you and Xiao Liu ______ very diligent. A. is B. are 49. Between the two buildings _____ a hospital. A. stand B. stands 50. How to get rid of these things ____ a big problem. A. are B. is 答案：1—5 ACDAB 6—10ABADD 11—15CCACA 16—20CDBAD 21—25BCACA 26—30BACCC 31—35BCBAD 36—40CCBCD 41—45BABAA 46—50AAABB

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