英语专业本科语言学A卷

重庆三峡学院 至 学年度第期 英语语言学 课程考试试题册A卷

试题使用对象 ： 外国语学院 （系） 级 专业 命题人： 考试用时 120 分钟 答题方式采用：闭卷

说明：1、答题请使用黑色或蓝色的钢笔、圆珠笔在答题纸上书写工整。

2、考生应在答题纸上答题，在此卷上答题作废。 I. Define the following linguistic terms: (2%×10=20%) 1) duality

2) displacement 5) concord

3) phonology

4) morphology 7) hyponymy

6) endocentric construction 9) illocutionary force

8) pragmatics

10) error analysis

II. Translation (0.5%×20=10% )

Translate the following terms into Chinese: (0.5%×10=5% ) 1) affricate

2)distinctive feature

3) parole 4)

generative grammar 5) bilingualism

6) felicity condition 7) design feature

8) denotation 9) labiodental 10) linguistic relativity Translate the following terms into English: (0.5%×10=5%) 11)人际功能 构主义

16) 社会语言学 析

III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. (1%×20=20%)

1). language is a system of arbitrary _________ symbols used for human communication. A. cultural C. decoded

B. conventional D. vocal

17) 论元

18) 单元音 19)衔接 20) 对比分

12) 真值条件

13)女性语域

14)音节划分 15) 结

2). A word with several meanings is called _________. A. an abnormal word

B. a polysemous word D. none of the above

C. a synonymous word

3). There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “learned” is known as a(n) __________. A. derivational morpheme C. inflectional morpheme

B. free morpheme D. free form

4). The syntactic rules of any language are ________ in number. A. large C. finite

B. small D. infinite

5). “I picked some tulips.” __________ “I picked some flowers.”. A. entails

B. presupposes D. is synonymous with

C. is inconsistent with

6). Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.

X: Who was that you were with last night? Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality

B. quantity

C. relation

D. manner

7) “Can I borrow your bike?” _____ “You have a bike.” A. is synonymous with C. entails

B. is inconsistent with D. presupposes

8) The study of language at one point of time is a _______ study. A. synchronic C. diachronic

B. historic D. descriptive

9) Which of the following is a typical tone language? A. English C. French

B. Chinese

D. All of the above

10) Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in ___________. A. phonemic contrast C. minimal pair

B. complementary distribution D. none of the above

11) In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of _________. A. palatal B. alveolar

C. bilabial

D. dental

12) Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _______ in 1957.

A. L. Bloomfield

B. N. Chomsky D. M. A. K. Halliday

C. F. Saussure

13) Which of the following is a correct description of reference?

A. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaning

B. the set of all objects which can potentially be referred to by an expression C. a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expression used

in an utterance to pick out that object

D. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items 14) What is function of the sentence “How do you do’? A. Directive

B. Phatic

C. Informative D. Evocative

15) In the following sounds, ________is a central vowel. A. /?/ B. /u/

C. /?/

D. /з/

16) Which of the following languages has the syllabic writing system? A. Chinese

B. Japanese

C. English

D. French

17) Which description of the meaning components of the word “father” is right? A. [+human, +adult,-male]

B. [+human, -adult, +male] D. [+human, +adult, +male]

C. [–human, +adult, -male]

18) Once the notion of ________ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics. A. meaning C. form

B. context D. content

19) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological, morphological and syntactic systems which are _______. A. rule-governed C. arbitrary

B. systematic D. both A and B

20) “Hot dog” with the first syllable stressed means _________. A. an overheated animal C. a barking dog

IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false: (15 pts, 1 point for each)

Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false: (1%×15=15%) 1) Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.

B. a kind of food D. a dead dog

2) According to N. Chomsky, “competence” is the actual realization of his knowledge

in utterance.

3) A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.

4) Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of

a speech community.

5) Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patterns of

a language.

6) Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds. 7) The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation.

8) Constituents that can be substituted for one another with loss of grammaticality

belong to the same syntactic category.

9) According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symbol and

referent, i.e. between a word and a thing it refers to.

10) A referring expression can be used to refer to nonexistent things. 11) All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semantically well-formed. 12) Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics. 13) An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by the

utterance.

14) Social dialects, or sociolects, are varieties of language used by people

belonging to particular social classes.

15) The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguistic competence.

V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)

1) The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a____________ phonetics, auditory

phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.

2) One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speech over

w_________.

3) S_________ studies the sentence structure of language.

4) C____________ analyis is based upon the belief that the mesning of a word can

be divided into meaning components.

5) The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are h_____________.

6) H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_________ transcription.

7) Lingistics found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description

of meaning if the c_________ of langauge use was left unconsidered.

8) Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and a

_______of messages.

9) Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity between languages

is relative, the greater their structureal differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. This has often been called the Sapir-Whorf h___________.

10) S______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.

VI. The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each sentence. (2.5%×2=5%) 1) Flying airplanes can be very dangerous. 2) The boy saw the man with the telescope.

VII. Answer the following questions in English. (4%×5=20%) 1) What functions does language have? Give some examples. (5 points)

2) State the differences between the sentence meaning and utterance meaning. (5

points)

3) Why is Saussure hailed as the father of modern linguistics? (2.5 points) 4) What are the seven types of meaning proposed by G. Leech in his Semantics? (3.5

points)

5) In what way can linguistics contribute to the research in language learning?

(4 points)

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