高中语法精讲虚拟语气

高中语法精讲虚拟语气

(1)对现在的虚拟

If从句 主句

did/were would/should/could/might do If I were you, I would tell her the truth. =Were I you, I would tell her the truth.

If条件句的倒装:去掉if, 句子部分倒装(半倒装，即以前学过的一般疑问句的语序) 备注虚拟语气中，不管主语是不是单数都用were

(2)对过去的虚拟

If从句 主句

had done would/should/could/might have done

If you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exam. =Had you taken my advice, you would have passed the exam. 省略if

(3)对将来的虚拟

If从句 主句

did/should do/were to do would/should /could/might do If he didn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting. =If he should come tomorrw, we would put off the meeting. =If he were to come tomorrw, we would put off the meeting. 对现在虚拟 对过去的虚拟 对将来的虚拟 If从句 did/were had done did/should do/were to do 主句 would/should/could/might do would/should/could/might have done would/should/could/might do 总结 主过将从过 主过将完从过完

[例1](陕西卷)If we ___the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 答案B主句是过将完，所以从过完，过去完成时 [例2](天津卷)

--John went to the hospital alone.

--If he___me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 答案D

[例3] (2013重庆)

- It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we__ A. hadn't B. haven't C. didn't D. don't

答案A省略 特殊情况

①错综时间条件句

例: If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 做题时注意:动词的形式根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 一般句子里会有时间标志词，注意标志词 [例4] (2013北京)

If we ___a table earlier, we couldn't be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked

答案D如果我们我们早一点预定桌子，现在就不会站在这里排队了。从句讲过去，主句是现在，错综时间，是对过去的虚拟，所以从句用过去完成时

[例5] (2013天津)

If he had spent more time practicing English before, he___able to speak it much better now.

A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been

答案B句意要是以前他能够多花些时间练习口语，现在就能够说得更加流利了。错综时间，对过去的假设对现在的影响，主句是现在，所以选B [例6] (北京卷)

Maybe if ___I science, and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying

答案C句意时间词then，句意如果我之前选择理科而不是文科，我就可以给你更多的帮助了。主句是现在，从句是过去，错综时间根据从句具体的情况来，对过去的虚拟所以用had done选C ②if省略句

(1) If I were you, I would not let her go. = Were I you,I would not let her go.

(2)If they had helped us. we would not have failed it. = Had they helped us, we would not have failed it. (3) If they should come tomorrow, we would finish it. = Should they come tomorrow, we would finish it. 去掉计，从句变-般疑问语序(倒装)。

[例7] (2014天津)

___the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught

答案选D,省略了if,用倒装，had助动词提前。 [例8 ]

___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.

A. Had it not been for B.If it were not

C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for

答案D 主句would do形式，从句did/were，for表示因为，这里省略if，答案选D

[例9 ]___today, he would get there by Friday. A Were he to leave B If he had left C Did he to leave D Had he left

答案A主句是would do形式，从句为did或者were to do，因此答案选A

③含蓄条件句句中含有with, without, but for, or, otherwise, or else等, 虽然没有出现if,但表示的是if的含义。

(1) Without your help, I wouldn't have passed the exam = If you hadn't help me, I wouldn't have passed the exam. = But for your help, I would not have passed this exam.

(2) I don't have your telephone number, otherw ise/or I would have called you back. = IfI had your number, I would have called you back. (3) What would you do with a million dollars? =What would you do if you had a million dollars?

[例10] (2012福建)

We lost our way in that small village, otherwise ___we more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit

D. would have visited

答案D我们在小村庄迷路了，否则我们昨天本可以参观更多的地方。这里没有if，但是有otherwise含蓄词，对过去的虚拟，故用D [例11]

Without electricity, human life__ quite difficult today. A.is B. willbe C. would have been D. would be

答案D句意如果没有电，人类的生活将会变得很困难。without含蓄句，对现在的虚拟，故用would do形式

[例12] (福建卷)

But for the help of my English teacher, I ___the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win

B. would not have won C. would win

D. would have won

答案B如果没有我英语老师的帮助，我也不会在英语写作比赛中得第一名。but for如果的意思，含蓄条件句，对过去的虚拟，主句用would have been形式 ④半虚拟

例: I might have given you more help (if1 had time),but I was too busy. 半真半假，but是标志词，but那一半真实时态，另外的虚拟。 [例13] (安徽卷)Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he___. A. was busy B. is busy

C. had been busy D. will be busy

答案A but标志词，半真半假，but用真，是过去就用过去 [例14]We ___last night, but we went to the cinema instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. would study

D. would have studied

答案D对过去的事情进行虚拟，主句用would have been

[例15]I did not ated the leture by Pro. Jackson. I___but I___all this morning. A. would, have washed

B. could, have been washing

C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing

答案C主句用would have been形式排除A和B, but后用真实时态，现在完成进行时动作开始于过去，一直在继续可能继续下去

总结

一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 主过将从过，主过将完从过完 二、if条件句的特殊用法

①错综时间条件句:根据时间，分别讨论

②if省略句:去掉if,从句变一般疑问语序(倒装) ③含蓄条件句: 没有if, 胜似if ④半虚拟; 看见but, 半真半假

二、wish, as if/though和if only 同时（现在）: did

早于（过去）: had done 晚于（将来）: would do 时态往前退一步

I wish I were a bird/If only I were a bird. (同时)

I wish I had seen the film.AIf only I had seen the film. (早于) I wish you would do that again./

If only you would do that again. (晚于)

[例1]When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it___ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

答案C标志词as if,对现在的虚拟，时态往前退一步过去时。故选C。把一只铅笔放在一杯水中，看起来像被折断了的。

[例2](全国卷)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it___ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens

C. had happened D. happened

答案C句意，Eliza清楚记得每件事情就好像昨天发生的。关键词as if,对过去虚拟，时态往前退一步，用过去完成时

[例3] (全国卷)Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I______ your advice. A. follow

B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

答案C句意看我处于多么可怕的情况，要是我采取你得建议就好了。关键词if only，对过去的虚拟，往前退一步，故选C

[例4]How the old people wish that they___ young once more. A. were

B. could become C. had been D. should be

答案A老人多么希望他们能够再年轻一次啊。关键词wish，且对现在虚拟，往前退一步过去时

[例5]I wish that you___ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. had not

B. did not have had C. hadn't had D. hadn't have

三、只用should类虚拟语气 一坚持: insist

二命令: order command. (recommend 建议) 三建议: advise propose suggest

四要求: demand require ，request ask 换用句式: It is suggested that...

补充说明: .

insist表示某人坚持做某事用:虚拟语气

坚持说或者是坚持某一个事实:不用虚拟语气 linsist that you shouldn't smoke here.

He nsisted that he had never stolen the money. suggest表建议:虚拟语气 表暗示，表明:不用虚拟语气

I suggest that we (should) go, to the party together.

The smile on her face suggesied that she was satisfied with my work.

另外只用should虚拟语气 ②It is adj. that从句(should do)

重要的: necessary, essential, important, significant, vital, crucial,urgent等 可取的: desirable, preferable, proper, natural 可能的: possible, probable

例: It is essential that we should check ourselves everyday. ③特殊句型表示“惊讶”语气

It is strange that she should fall in love with such a boy. It is a pity that you shouldn't know him.

It is surprising that you shouldn't pass the exam.

[例6]，(2013陕西)My mom suggests that we___eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would

答案A关键词suggest表建议用虚拟，只能用should

[例7] (2013浙江)Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ___at the age of six months old.

A. was B. be C. were D. is

答案B关键词recommend,用should虚拟，should可以省略，后面用动词原形 [例8]It was requested that the play___again. A. should put B. would put on D. put on C.be put on

答案选D关键词request，用should类虚拟，且这里有被动语态，被扮演，故选D,should省略了。

[例9]My sggestio is that the meeting___ off till next Sunday. A.be put B. put C. should put D. had been put

答案A关键词suggest，用should虚拟。而且会议被推迟，故选A

四、情态动词+ have done

could/might have done本来能做却没做

should/ought to have done本该做而实际上没做(抱怨和责备) should not/ought not to have done本不该做而做了

needn't have done本不必做而做了

[例10]If it___for the snow, we___the mountain yesterday. A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb

C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn't been, could climb

答案C，看到yesterday利用主过将完从将完，对过去的虚拟，故选C

五、虚拟语气固定句型

1.Wouldyoumind+主语+谓语虚拟? 您是否介意..? 2. would rather (that)主语+谓语虚拟 宁愿...

单独使用后面用就用do，如果后would rather 后面有宾语，后面紧跟从句，用虚拟语气。时态用法还是往前退一步

3. It is high time that sb. did/(should) do sth. 到某人做某事的时间 should do较少见

4. It is necessary/important/essential/strange/natural/ advisable that sb. (should) do sth.

[例12] (2014陕西)We would rather our daughter___at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay

答案C固定句型，would rather后面有宾语，省略that宾语从句。是对现在的虚拟，往前退一步，用过去时 [例13]

-Your aunt invites you to the movies today.

- - HI would rather she___me tomorrow than today. A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told 答案B对将来的虚拟，也用did，故选B

[例14]It is high time that we___a meeting to discuss this problem. A. hold B. held

C. have held D. had held

答案B固定句型到了该做某事时候

六、虚拟语气解题常用技巧 第一步找固定句型或者标志词

第二步，不是特殊类就用一般规则，主过将从过 主过将完从过完

一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 主过将从过，主过将完从过完 二、if条件句的特殊用法

①错综时间条件句:根据时间，分别讨论

②if省略句:去掉if,从句变一般疑问语序(倒装) ③含蓄条件句:没有if,胜似if ④半虚拟:看见but,半真半假

二、 wish, as ifthough和if only (退-步) 三、should类虛拟语气 四、情态动词+ have done 五、虚拟语气固定句型 六、虚拟语气解题常用技巧

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/xx9x.html