英语竞赛辅导讲义

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英语竞赛辅导讲义

三都二中:肖兰英

专题复习

专题一 单项填空 第1讲 冠词

1、冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词泛指人或事物中的任何一个;而定冠词用于特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。这类题解题的关键点在于分清是特指还是泛指。具体做题时可从有无限制性定语以及句意等方面来分析。

eg.① If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with / others.

第一空表示泛指“一个”,用a;第二空ability后带有限定性定语,前用the;第三空others,“其他人”,不表特指。

② —— What’s the schedule far this weekend?

—— A greeting ceremony for Professor Smith will be held in the lecture

hall?

Schedule后有for weekend 表示特指,前面用 the;第二空由语境可知表示“一个欢迎仪式”,用a。

③ I knew a John Lennon, but not the famous one.

第一空用在人名前,表示一个叫John Lennon 的人;第二空表示特指。 ④ If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view.

from“前面”表示“某空间内部的前部”时,前加冠词the;第二空意为“更好的风景”,表示泛指,用a。

2、表示“一种,一件??”之类意思的不可数名词前面可加不定冠词。抽象名词具体化时,被具体化的名词可能会与a/an连用。如 a surprise “一件意外的事情”;a pleasure “一件乐事”,a failure “一个失败的人或事”等。

eg ① Jack had feeling of excitement when hearing his article had published in school magazine.

② When armed with an awareness of what you truly value, you are in an

excellent position to pick a career you will find rewarding.

③ It is a great pleasure to go to the cinema after a week’s hard work. ④ It’s a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives

them / pleasure.

3、复数名词、抽象名词、物质名词表示泛指方面时,不加冠词。要注意分清名词的各类以及是泛指还是特指。

eg ① Hunger is a global health risk, which results from / poverty.

② The survey shows that if people can not afford a house, they will feel less content about / life.

③ Some people fear that / air pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world.

④ The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that / people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu.

4、固定搭配:eg. Have a good/happy time; for a while; at a loss; make the most of; go to the cinema; at the moment; a variety of等。

① In our class, the students leaders are on / duty every / few days. ② Everything comes with a price; there is no such / thing as free lunch in the world.

5、序数词前冠词的使用。要从句意上来分析解答。

“the+序数词”表排序;“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,而表示“又一,再一”。 eg ① In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.

② Some of the exercises appear to be the ones that you have done, but after taking a second look, you will find that they are different.

③My husband and I fell in / love with each other the very first time we met.

Do an exercise (随堂效果落实)

第2讲 代词

1、something(somebody) everything(everybody) 的用法:

something/somebody 多用于肯定句,anything/anybody多用于疑问句,否定句或条件从句中。但something/somebody 亦可用于表示请求或建议的疑问句中,而 anything/anybody 用于肯定句时意为“任何事(任何人)”;nothing/nobody 是否定意义的不定代词,相当于 not anything/anybody;everything/everybody 一般用于肯定句或疑问句中,用于否定中表示部分否定。

eg ① —Is Mike a diligent student?

—No but he is a lazy one, if anything (如果有不同的话)。

② Low-carbon lifestyle is of great benefit to improve the world environment. Nothing can be enjoyed from it until you have a deep understanding of it, however.

③ —What shall we have for dinner tonight? —Oh, I don’t care. Anything will do.

④ Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.

2、another/the other / the others/others/other 的用法:

another指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”;the other 指两者中“另一个”;但the other 后可接复数名词,表示“其余的那些??”;the other 指三者或三者以上中的“其余的那些”,表示剩余的全部;others 则指三者或三者以上中的“其余部分中的一些”,表示剩余部分中的一部分,而不是全部;other 不能单独使用,常与 no, some, any 等使用,通常置名词之前作定语。

eg ① —Did you watch the football match last night?

—Yes, that’s a most close one, and eventually neither could defeat the other. ② Some of us are sensitive to smells while the others find colors easier to remember.

③ —Oh no! This stupid computer has crashed again!

—Well, you can try another one, since there are so many available.

④ Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth thing

over between them.

3、one/ones/the one/the ones 的用法:

one用来代替前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于“a/an+单数名词”;

ones 用来替代前面出现的复数名词,也是泛指概念;the one用来代替前面的特指的单数名词;the ones 用来替代前面的特指的复数名词。它们既可指人,也可指物。

eg ① Helping other is a habit, one you can learn even at am early age. one 与 a habit 构成同位关系。

② In the Spring Festival, Jonny sent each of his classmates a card with best

/

anything(anybody)

/

nothing(nobody)

/

wishes, but he received none . ③ —How much vinegar did you put in the soup? —I’m sorry to say, None I forgot no one 指人,nothing 指物,表示泛指概念。

④ The woman managed to send her three children to universities but none cane to see her when she was old and seriously ill.

none/no one/nothing

4、none “都不”,表示全否定,表示范围是三者以上,none 既可指人,亦可指物,通常表示特定范围内的人或物,具有特指含义,后接of 短语; no one 只指人; nothing 只能指物,通常表示泛指概念后不接 of 短语。

—Wow! You’ve got so many clothes. —But none of them are in fashion now. 5、it 作形式主语和形式宾主的用法

it 可以用于 think/ find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词或 that 从句中,作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾主放在后面。

eg ① A new survey released by Yale University finds that Americans trust scientists most when it comes to information on climate change.

When it comes to?“当提及/涉及??时”是一个固定结构。

② I feet it necessary for her to learn foreign languages because the job she will do is related to foreign business.

6、that/those

That 用来替代前面出现的特指和单数可数名词(有时可用 the one 代替)或特指的不可数名词,相当于“the+单数/不可数名词”;those 用来替代前面的特指的复数名词,后多跟of 短语或其他成分作定语;that 只可指代词,不可指代人;those 可指代物也可指代人。

eg ① Jones went to the cinema alone, with no one accompanying her no one 用于指人,表示泛指概念。

② One of the most important questions the government has to consider is that of the medical care of farmers. (农民的医疗保险问题)

③ The group has been teaching students how to spend money wisely and offer financial advice to those in debt. (那些欠债的学生)

④ The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is bigger than that in any other area of the city.

做练习——“随堂效果落实”。

第3讲 形容词、副词

一、做形容词、速记辨析题需要做到两点:

1、看清题意,了解自意,并据此做出初步判断; 2、正确掌握并能区分所设选项用法。 课堂讲练互动

1、由句意可排除B、C项;第二空用 announced 表示“被动和完成”。The admission line of the national examination 高考录取分数线。

2、average “普通的、平均的”; intelligent “聪明的”,competitive “有竞争力的”; original “原始的”,由句意选A项。

3、eventually “最后、最终”,符合句意。

Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have flexible schedules to make it easier to care for their children.

二、形容词、副词比较级、最高级。解答比较题时,需要找准关键信息,弄清比较对象,再做出选择。

复习形容词、副词比较级,最高级用法。 注意:no+比较级=最高级

4、由句中not a little 可知表示肯定意思。We can’t have a nicer one “我们不可能有更好的了”,用比较级表达最高级之意。

5、比较级与not/never/no等连用表示肯定之意。

6、句意:在与雨雪中开车的担心相比较,坐在火车中不必担心坏天气,它会让人们感觉没那么疲劳。由句意可知选,所心用B项。

Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been more popular.

never + more popular =most popular

三、倍数的表示法。解答倍数表达题,需牢记倍数表达法常用的表达方式,这样做题时便能做到有备无患。

英语中倍数的表达法主要有以下三种句型: ① A is? times as + adj. + as B

② A is? times + the + noun (size/length/width/depth, etc)+ of B ③ A is? times + adj. –er + than B

eg 7、The price of the flat now is twice the amount of that last year.

8、Staying in a hotel in shanghai one day costs three times the price of renting a house in my hometown for a week.

9、—Wow, your house is so big!

10、peter’s jacket looked just the same as jack’s, but it cost twice as much as his. 四、表示上下文逻辑关系的副词。对于这类题,首先分析上下文的逻辑有关系,然后根据句意做出恰当的选择。

需要注意的觉此类副词有:besides 而且,再说:instead 而是,反而,却;though 不过,可是,然而; however 然而,再者;otherwise 否则,不然;ony-how / anyway 反正,不管怎样;even so 即使如此,即使这样;or rather 更确切地说;yet 还没,尚未,已经,还,然而;enough 足够;too 非常,很,太??;ever 曾经;等。

eg 11、Though “可是,不过,然而”,符合题意。 12、根据句意,yet 在此意为“但是,然而”,符合题意。

13、本名在话的前半句话“没有输”与后半句“赢了”形成对应关系。而副词 rather 的意思除了“相当,更确切地说”,还有“相反”之意,符合题意。

Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t rather risky, though? 然而会不会有危险呢?

五、随堂效果落实 Finish the exercise.

第4讲 语义辨析(名词、介词及习语)

一、名词辨析题

解答此类题时,首先要弄清题意,然后辨析四个名词的含义及用法最后选出符合题意的选项。

名词辨析类,注意备考时区分近义词的意义和用法。 自主演练

1、access “机会”;approach “方法”;attitude “态度”;“ attraction”吸引由句意可知选A项(have no access to 有??的机会)。

2、practice “惯常做法,惯例,习俗”,符合句意。

3、suffering “苦难”;disaster “灾难”;challenge “挑战”;“damage”,“损坏、破坏”,由句意可知选C项。

4、考查名词在具体语境中的使用。relief “缓解,减轻,解除”;safety “安全,保险”;defense“防御,防护”;shelter “掩蔽,保护”。

二、考查against 的含义

Against 的用法:①反对,②与??交战(竞争),③碰;撞,④倚着;靠着,⑤逆向,⑥从??为背景;对照;衬托。

自主演练

5、against the wind“逆风而行”;turn to sb. For help “向某人求助”。 6、against “以??为背景,对照,衬托”。 7、against “防??,抗??”。

Tired Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree. 三、by 的用法

1、不迟于(某时间) 2、在??期间(一段指明的时间) 3、指人体或物体的一部分 4、由于??的结果;凭借 5、到??的程度 6、按照??;根据?? 7、在??一旁;靠近

自主演练

8、by 在此处表示“上升的程度达到??”。 9、by 后接V. ing 形式,意为“通过??的方式”。 10、by 后接动作的发出者;for 后接时间段。

Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients by name,not case number. 四、with 的用法

1、和??在一起;由??陪同;有??在场 2、表示两种事物之间的相应关系

或齐头并进的意思 3、带有;带走;带来;携带 4、引导一个表示方式的状语附加语 5、表示原因 6、尽管,虽然

自主演练

11、with“尽管,虽然”。

12、“with+ n./ pron. + done/doing /adj.”这是复合结构,表示“在??情况下”。 13、with“随着”,表示两种事物之间的相应关系,以后接句 The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money with me.

五、惯用短语

解答此类题,需区分好每个选项的含义和用法,再根据题意做出正确判断。 14、as a result of “作为??的结果,由于”; regardless of “不顾”; in spite of “尽管”;in the event of “万一,倘若”。

15、in case of “万一,如果”; in favor of “造成,支持,有利于”;in terms of “就??而言,从??方面说来”;in honor of “为了??向表示敬意,为纪念,为庆祝”。

More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. “缺乏,短缺”

惯用短语的考查:?? 随堂效果落实。

第5讲 非谓语动词

一、分词在句中可作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随善等;不定式可表目的,结果、条件、原因等。V.-ing 表示动词和句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系;V.-ed 表示动词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

自主演练

1、现在分词短语作结果状语,因disappear 与a man 为主动关系,所以选项为B。 2、由句意可知,空缺少为目的的状语,所以选A项。 3、plant 与句子主语 tress and flowers 为被动关系,B项合适。 考题印证:“buy presents for my dad”是目的,所以用不定式。

二、非谓语动词作定语。可先找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语的关系,然后再确实非谓语动词的恰当形式。

1、不定式作定误的情况 ①不定式表将来;

②用来修饰被序数词,最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。

③用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式,常见的有:ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief.

2、分词作定词

作定词的及物动词分词形式为:V.-ing, being+过去分词和过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系的,用V.-ing;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词,当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。

3、不定式的一般被动式(to be done),过去分词(done)和现在分词的一般被动式(being done)作定语的区别;不定式的一般被动式表被动、将来;过去分词(done)表被动、完成;现在分词一般被动式(being done)表被动、正在进行。

自主演练

4、由句中by2012可知用表示将来的非谓语动词,所以选A项。 5、research 与 indicate 构成主动,所以用B。

6、design 与 the bight jeans 构成逻辑上的动宾关系,用V.-ed形式作定语,所以选 B项。

考题印证

The position肯定是被advertise,此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised。

四、非谓语动词作宾语

做此类题,需注意部分动词不定式与动名词的区别,并能在具体语境中恰当运用。 1、下列动词只能用不定式作宾语 决心不罕想希望,拒绝设法原假装。

decide learn want hope refuse try would like pretend. 主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。 offer promise choose plan agree ask help. 2、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语 考虑 建议 盼原谅,承认 推迟 没得想。 consider suggest forgive admit plelay.

避免 错过 继续 练, 否认完成就欣赏。 avoid miss practice deny finish enjoy 禁止 想象 才冒险,不禁 介意准逃亡。 forbid imagine risk can’t help mind allow escape 3、可用不定式,也可用动名词作宾语的动词。 kegret/remember/mean/go on等,要注意区别。 自主演练

4、object to 反对,to 是介词,后接V.-ing 形式;再由句意知用被动。 5、consider 意为“考虑”时,后接V.-ing 形式,所以选B项。 6、pretend 后接不定式。

考题印证:演员等待被发现,用被动,发现发生在等待之后,所以用不定式。选项为B项。

随堂效果落实。

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