倒装句讲解

丁红飞

高中英语语法——倒装句Inversion

倒装：把谓语放在主语前面；原因：语法结构需要，达到某种修辞效果（强调，平衡，衔接，描绘）； 类型:完全倒装Full Inversion，部分倒装Partial Inversion，形式倒装formal inversion 要点一：完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 1. 在there be (stand, lie, live, come, exist, seem, happen, go)句型中(表示存在)： There________ _________ in the classroom. 教室里空无一人。 There________ _________ wrong with the device. 设备似乎出故障了。

There________(live) ______ _________ named Aqiao long ago. 很久以前这住着一个叫做阿巧的姑娘。 There________ (stand)______ ________ on the top of the mountain. 山顶有座庙。 There_______(lie) ________ ________ between the two hills. 小河流淌在两山中。

There_______(exist)________ ________ on this question. 关于这个问题存在着不同的意见。

2.地点副词here, there, up, down, away, off, back, in, out, over 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装。 Here __________(come) ________ _______. 公共汽车来了。 There _________(go)________ __________. 铃响了。

Up and up_______(go) the prices. 价格涨得越来越高。

Down_________(drop) the meat into the fox’s mouth. 这块肉往下一落，掉入狐狸的嘴巴里。 Away________(run) the prisoner. 这烦人逃跑了。

The door opened and in __________(come) Mr. Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。

【注意】若主语为代词，则不倒装：

In he came and the lesson began. 他走进来开始上课。 Away he went. 他跑远了。 Down it came. 它掉了下来。

3.时间副词now, then ,thus等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装 Now ________(come) your turn. 现在该你啦。 Then________(follow) a shot of gun. 接着是一声枪响。 Thus________(end) the meeting. 会议就这样结束了。

4.地点介词短语作状语置于句首时，其后用完全倒装。

In front of the house________(sit) a small boy. 房子的前边坐着一个小男孩。 From a distance__________(come) a policeman. 远处来了一个警察。 Inside the temple_________ (live) many monks. 庙里住着许多和尚。 Under the table________(sleep) a brown cat. 桌子下面睡着一只棕色的猫。

5.表语位于句首时，其后用完全倒装，结构是：形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语+系动词+主语

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Seated in the front ________(be) the leaders of the school.

Sitting in the front________(be) the leaders of the school. 坐在前面的是学校领导。 Written on the blackboard_________(be) the names of those who were late yesterday. 黑板上写着昨天迟到的人的姓名。

Present at the meeting__________(be) Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. On the desk________(be) some English books.

6.such作指示代词放在句首时，其后用完全倒装

Such_______(be) our plan. 这就是我们的计划。 Such________(be) the facts, no one can deny them. 这就是事实，没有人能否定它们。

要点二：部分倒装：be/助/情放到主语前面

1.So/Neither/Nor+be/助/情+另一主语 （表示前面说的话适用于另一人） She is a teacher. So______ her mother. He has been to Beijing. So_______ I. I saw the film last week. So_______ she. I have never been abroad. Neither________ he.

I don’t know whether he will come or not, nor________ I care. 我不知道他是否会开，我也不关心。

【注意】（1）.So +be/助/情+同一主语（的确如此）——如果后一句对前一句加以肯定或同意，上下两句指的是同一人或物时，不需要倒装。

——It was cold yesterday. ——You’ve left your bag inside. ——So it________. —— Oh! So I__________. —— I hear you went to the conference yesterday. —— So I___________.

(2）.表示按别人的意思做了什么事，so不用提前。

The teacher asked me to read aloud, and I did so. 老师要我大声读，我那样做了。 They asked me not to disturb her, and I did so.

(3).当前面两件或以上的事也适合另一人时，只使用so it is/was with… Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing. So it is with Mary. John is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Lucy.

2.具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词，介词短语，连词固定搭配提前时，其后要用部分倒装。 hardly 几乎不

scarcely 几乎不

barely 几乎不

never 从不

seldom 不常 little 很少

nowhere 没有地方

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by no means 决不 in no case 决不

on no account 决不

on no condition 无论如何也不

at no time 任何时候都不

not… until… 直到…才… not only… but also… 不仅…而且… no sooner…than…. hardly/scarcely… when… 一…就… neither… nor… 既不…也不…

Little_______ he know that the police were around. 他一点儿也不直到警察就在他的身后。 Never________ I heard of such a name.

我从没听说过这样一个名字。

Seldom________ he come recently. 最近他很少来这里。 By no means________ I change the plan. 我决不改变计划。

No longer________ I believe a word you say. 我再也不相信你说的任何话。 Not only_______ I know him, but I am also his friend. Not until a week later________ he learn the news. 直到一周后他才听到那个消息。

【注意】（1）. no sooner…than…. ,hardly/scarcely… when… 一…就…的时态搭配： No sooner than

+had +主语+ done +从句（did） Hardly/Scarcely when

No sooner ________ I_________(enter) the room than the phone rang. Hardly/Scarcely________ I__________(get) off the bus when I saw him.

(2）.not until+时间状语/时间状语从句+ 主句（主句使用部分倒装） I couldn’t realize the value of that kind of giving until years later.

Not until___________________________________________________________________________________. 直到多年后我才意识到那种给予的价值。 I didn’t recognize him until he took off his sunglasses.

Not until________________________________________________________________________________.

(3).not only… but also…连接两分句，且not only提前时，“前倒后不倒” Not only_________ the city__________(pollute) but the streets were crowded. 不仅城市被污染了，而且街道也很拥挤。

Not only_______ he_______(teach) in school, but he writes novels. 他不但在学校里教书，而且还写小说。

（4）.neither… nor…连接两分句，且neither提前时，“前后都倒” Neither_______ he________(arrive) there on time, nor________ I. 他不能准时到那，我也不能。

3.only+状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。

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Only recently_______ I_______(have) time to read the book. 直到最近我才有时间读这本书。 Only in this way _______ you _______ (do) it well. 只有这样你才能做好。

Only by working hard_______ we__________(succeed). 只有努力工作我们才能成功。 Only when he returned home _______he________ (realize) what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。

Only when I see it with my own eyes________ I___________(believe)it. 只有我亲眼见到，我才相信。

【注意】only修饰主语放在句首时，不用倒装。

Only I know the news. Only five people turned up.

4.在so/such…that…结构中，so或such连同它所修饰的成分放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。 Such rapid progress_______ he_______(make) that we are all proud of him. 他取得了如此快的进步，我们都为他感到自豪。 So angry________(be) he that he couldn’t speak. 他气得说不出话来。

Such a good boy_______(be) he that we all love him.

So fast________ he________(run) that we couldn’t catch up with him.

5.部分倒装用于省略了if的条件状语从句中。 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时,可省略 if，将 were, should, had 置于句首。

if 虚拟语气的三种基本形态：

现在： 从句：did(be用were) 主句： were或 would /should/ might/could +do 过去： 从句：had done 主句： would /should/might/could +have done 将来： 从句：were to do或should +do 主句： should/ would / might/could) do If she were my friend， I would ask her for help.

_________________________________________________________________________________________. If she should come tomorrow, I would tell you.

__________________________________________________________________________________________. If it hadn’t been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.

____________________________________________________________________________________________. If he had taken my advice, he might have succeed.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.部分倒装和完全倒装用于表祝愿: May you + v.原 祝你…! Long live...! …万岁！ May you succeed! Long live China! Long live our friendship!

要点三：形式倒装：只是把强调的内容提前，主谓并不倒装。

1.as/though 引导的让步状语从句中，必须把所强调的内容放在前，其结构为: 形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词（无冠词）+as/though+ 主语+ 谓语.

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Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly. 尽管他很生气，他还是竭力做到平静。 Child as he is, he knows a lot about history. 他虽然只是个孩子，但关于历史他知道很多。 Praised as he was, he remained modest. 虽然他受到表扬，但他任然谦虚。 Manage as we might, we could not get out of the difficulty. 尽管我们可能努力了，我们还是不能走出困境。

Lose money as I did, I got a lot of experience. 我虽然赔了钱， 但得到很多经验。 【注意】（1）.名词前省略冠词，形容词最高级前省去the Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings. Oldest as he is, he doesn’t do well in studies.

(2).动词前置时，从句主语后要用may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词，若没有情态动词，加一个do, does 或 did. Try as he did, he never succeed.

Change his mind as he may, we have made up our mind.

(3).as, though, although都可以引导让步状语从句，as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，though引导的可倒装也可不倒装，although引导的不能倒装。

Teacher as/though Mike is, he is not capable of teaching all subjects. Though/Although Mike is a teacher, he is not capable of teaching all subjects.

2.感叹句：What+(a/an)+ adj.+ n.+主+谓！ How+ adj./adv.+ +主+谓！ _______ an interesting story it is! ________ interesting the story is! ________ clever students they are! ________ clever the students are! ________ terrible weather it is! ________ terrible the weather is!

3.the+比较级… the+ 比较级…句型

The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

4.wh-ever= no matter wh-, however= no matter how引导的让步状语从句：

Whatever you do, you should do it well.= No matter whatever you do, you should do it well. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. =No matter how difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 【注意】whatever后也可以接名词，若有many或much修饰，则用however. _________ reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.

________ many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.

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