高中英语合成词讲解

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高中英语合成词讲解

合成(Compounding)

构词法 派生法(Derivation)

【前缀/后缀】

转化法(Conversion)

【词性转换】

1.合成词: painkiller colorblind sleepwalk

1. 合成名词

(1) n+n

air conditioner

blood pressure

income tax

credit card

(2) adj + n

central bank

fast food

solar system太阳系

remote control遥控

(3) v-ing +另一词

washing machine

driving license

(4) 其他方式

by-product 副产品

editor-in-chief总编辑

2. 合成形容词

(1) 过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。

absent-minded man-made

warm-hearted grey-haired

(2) 动词的ing 或另一词构成

long-suffering长期受苦的

far-reaching 深远的

3. 合成动词及合成副词

overeat

高中英语合成词讲解

baby-sit

empty-handed空手的,一无所获的

派生法(Derivation)---词缀法

前缀

Pre- (前)Pre-reading, preview, prepay

Re- (重新) Rewrite, reconsider, reuse

dis- (不)disagree , dislike , disappear

in/im- (不)incorrect , impossible

mis –(错误或失当) misunderstand, mislead

super- (超级) supermarket, superman

mini-(微小) miniskirt, minibus

fore-(前,预先)foretell, forecast

post–(之后)postwar, post-reading

semi-(半,部分) semicircle, semi-final

anti- (阻止,抗) antiwar, anti-Japanese war

under-

(在……下, 在……中) underground, under-develop 后缀

名词后缀 :

-er -or -tion -ment -ity -ist -hood -ion

请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连,组成新词:

work, educate, develop, visit, satisfy, teach, sail, piano, art, child, act, brother, solute, conclude, move,possible

-er teacher, worker

-or visitor, sailor

-tion education, satisfaction

-ment development, movement

-ity ability, possibility

-ist pianist, artist

-hood childhood, brotherhood

-ion action, solution, conclusion

形容词后缀:

-ous dangerous, humorous

-ful helpful, careful

-able, -ible comfortable, responsible

高中英语合成词讲解

-ant, -ent important, excellent

-ary military, voluntary

副词性的词缀:

-ly quickly, softly, yearly

-wards backwards, forwards

转化法

1.动词转化为名词

1)意思没有变化,例如:I think we'd better finish the talk now.我想我们的谈话最好现在结束。

2)意思有一定变化,例如:He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

3)构成短语,例如:Let's have a look first. 我们先看一下吧。

2.名词转化为动词

1)表示物体的,如:Have you booked the ticket?你订好票了吗?

2)表示身体部位的,如:Hand in your papers please.请把你们的试卷交上来。

3)表示一类人的,如:She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。

4)抽象名词,如:We breakfasted together.我们在一起吃了早餐。

3.形容词转化为动词

少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

Fire can warm our body.

Sunshine can dry our clothes.

4.副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如:Murder will out.恶事终必将败露。

5.形容词转化为名词

1)表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如: The girl in black appears very beautiful.那个穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮。

2)一些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数,如: We don't belong to the rich, but we dong't belong to the poor either. 我们不是有钱人但我们也不是穷人。

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