小学英语常见四种时态讲解与练习

一般现在时

1一般现在时的基本概念

一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。常见的标志词（时间状语）主要有：every?、sometimes、 at?、on Sundays、 usually ,often, never, always等。 2一般现在时的结构 1be动词的一般现在时 ○主语 + Be动词 + 其他成分 I am a boy. 2实义动词的一般现在时 ○主语 + 实义动词 + 其他成分 We study English.

一般现在时的具体形式 1be动词的一般现在时 ○1. 第一人称单数I+am I am a student.

2. 第二人称单数you和其他人称复数we/you/they+are You are a lucky girl.

We are students in this school. 3. 第三人称单数he/she/it+is She is my teacher. 例题：

用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. I from China. 2. It very hot today. 3. They in the hospital. 4. We good students. 5. She a beautiful girl.

2实义动词的一般现在时 ○1. 第一、二人称单数I/you和其他人称复数we/you/they+动词原形 I get up at 8 o’clock.

They go to school everyday.

2. 第三人称单数he/she/it+实义动词第三人称单数形式 It runs fast. He studies hard. 例题：

用说给单词的适当形式填空。

1. We home every day.（go）

动词时态

2. Trees green in spring.（turn） 3. He very hard.（study）

4. The boy up at seven O'clock.（get） 5. The earth round the sun.（move） 补充：

主语为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词的变化规则： 状况 一般情况 变化规则 加-s 发音 清辅音后读【s】 浊辅音和元音后读【z】 例词 swim-swims；help-helps； like- likes 以o结尾的词 加 -es 读【z】 读【iz】 go-goes；do-does watches study-studies have-has be-am, is, are 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加 -es 不规则变化动词 以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i再加es 读【z】 变have 为 has 变be为am, is, are 3一般现在时的句型变化 1be动词的一般现在时 ○肯定句

He is a worker. 否定句

主语 + be动词 + not + 其他 He is not a worker. 一般疑问句

Be动词 + 主语 + 其他 -Is he a worker？

-Yes, he is. / No, he is not. 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 Where is he？ 例题：

写出下列句子中所缺的be动词，并用肯定及否定形式回答。 1. -- your father a teacher? --Yes, . No, . 2. -- they in the room? --Yes, . No, . 写出下列句子的否定句。 1. I am at home.

2. Mr. Li is a professor.

2实义动词的一般现在时 ○肯定句 I like bread. He often plays. 否定句

主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形 I don’t like bread. He doesn’t often play. 一般疑问句

Do/Does+主语+动词原形 –Do you like bread? –Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. –Does he often play?

–Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 特殊疑问句

疑问词+一般疑问句 What do you like?

Where does he often play? 例题：

将下列句子改写为否定句。 1. I have lunch at school.

2. They play basketball on the playground. 3. Mr. Zhang knows French. 4一般现在时的基本用法 1． 表示人或物的特征 He is a doctor.

The dog is white and black.

2. 表示习惯性或经常性的动作，常与always, often, usauylly, seldom, everyday, sometimes, weekends，Mondays等表示时间与频率的词连用。

I leave home at 6 o’clock everyday. Tom always play football after school.

We usually go to school by bus on Tuesdays. 3. 表示永恒不变的事实或真理 Beijing is the capital of China. The snow is white. 例题：

用说给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He (have) blue eyes.

2. We (go) to school everyday.

3. We (have) no classes on weekends.

4. She (write) a letter to her friend once a week. 5. Tom (ride) a bike to school.

6. Peter and Mary often (play) badminton together. 7. Practice (make) perfect.

一般将来时

1一般将来时的基本概念

一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形或be（am/is/are）+going to+动词原形构成。 2一般将来时的结构

1主语 + will/ shall + 动词原形 + 其他部分 ○ We shall play this afternoon. He will have a lesson after lunch.

2主语 + be（am/is/are） + going to + 动词原形 + 其他部分 ○

I am going to go to the library。 They are going to watch TV this evening。 She is going to go fishing this week。 一般将来时的具体形式

1第一人称I/ we + shall + 动词原形 ○

I shall be school in 10 minutes.

We shall go to Beijing for our summer holiday. 其他人称单复数+will+动词原形 Tom will go swimming tomorrow. You will get well soon.

They will come back this afternoon. 例题：

用说给单词的适当形式填空。

1. I (go) to the USA tomorrow. 2. We (visit) her new week.

3. The pilot (fly) to China the month after the next. 4. It (take) us a long time to learn English well. 5. He (be) there at seven tomorrow morning. 2be（am/is/are）+going to+动词原形构成 ○

1.第一人称单数I+am++are going to+动词原形 I am going to go swimming tomorrow.

2.第二人称单数you和其他人称复数we/you/they+are going to+动词原形 You are going to go to the park.

We are going to have a picnic this Saturday。students in this school. 3.第三人称单数he/she/it+is going to+动词原形 She is going to send an email to her friend。 例题：

用说给单词的适当形式填空。

6. I (go) to the USA tomorrow. 7. We (visit) her new week.

8. The Clarks (play) at the beach this Sunday.

9. He (be) going to go running at seven tomorrow morning.

3一般将来时的句型变化

1shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形 ○肯定句

They will go to park this Sunday. 否定句

主语+will+not+动词原形

They will not go to park this Sunday. 一般疑问句

Will+主语+动词原形

-Will they go to park this Sunday? -Yes, they will. / No, they will not. 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

Where will they go this Sunday? 例题：

按要求改写句子。

Sam will move into new house next year.

1. .（改写为否定句）

2. ?（改写为一般疑问句） 3. ?（改写为特殊疑问句） 注释：

改写为特殊疑问句时，可根据句子的不同部分进行改写。 Sam will move into new house next year. Who will move into new house next year? Sam will move into new house next year. Where will Sam move into next year? Sam will move into new house next year. When will Sam move into new house? 2be（am/is/are）+going to+动词原形 ○

肯定句

主语+is/am/are+going to+动词原形 They are going to go to park this Sunday. 否定句

主语+is/am/are+not+going to+动词原形 They are not going to go to park this Sunday. 一般疑问句

Is/Am/Are+主语+going to+动词原形

-Are they going to go to the park this Sunday? -Yes, they are. / No, they are not. 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

Where are they going to go this Sunday? 例题：

按要求改写句子。

He is going to climb the mountains tomorrow.

4. .（改写为否定句）

5. ?（改写为一般疑问句） 6. ?（改写为特殊疑问句） 4一般将来时的用法 1. 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。 I will(shall) get there tomorrow. Will you be free next weekend?

We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening.

2. 在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用shall，这时或是征求对方的意见，或是询问一个情况 Where shall we have a meeting?

Shall we have computer class tomorrow?

3. be going to +动词原形，这个形式常用于表示打算，计划和安排好的事情 We are going to have a trip next year.

How are you going to spend your weekend? 例题：

选择正确的答案。

( ) 1. He very busy this week, he free next week. A. will be, is B. is, is

C. will be, will be D. is, will be

( ) 2. There a meeting tomorrow.

A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be

( ) 3. --Where is the paper?

--I it for you at once. A. get B. am getting

C. to get D. will get

( ) 4. He him a beautiful bag next birthday. A. gives B. gave

C. will giving D. is going to give

( ) 5. He in three days.

A. coming back B. came back

C. will come back D. is going to coming back

现在进行时

1现在进行时的基本概念

表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情。“正在进行时”的事件，可能发生几年了，也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。 2现在进行时的结构

主语 + be动词 + 动词ing He is swimming. They are playing.

现在进行时的具体形式

第一人称单数I +am+动词ing I am reading a story book. I am practing.

第二人称单数you/ 各人称复数we/ you/ they+are+动词ing They are doing homework. We are playing games.

第三人称单数he/ she/ it+is+动词ing He is cleaning the house. Tom is playing basketball. 例题：

将下列句子改成现在进行时 1. Tom can speak Japanese. 2. We have lessons.

3. I watch TV every day. 4. She works in a factory.

5. Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve. 注释：

1. 在改写句子的过程中，首先需要根据每句话的主语的单复数确定be应该采用的形式，加在主语的后面，然后找出句子中的动词，将动词改写为动词ing形式，最后将所给句子的时间词改写为现在进行时的时间词。牢记现在进行时的结构：主语+be动词+动词ing形式。 2. 动词ing变化规则 形式 例词 直接+ ing sleep+ing-sleeping 去掉不发音的e+ing bite-e+ing-biting 重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字sit+ t+ing sitting 母，双写辅音字母+ing 特殊变化 die-dying, lie-lying 3现在进行时的句型变化 肯定句

Boys are playing football on the grass. 否定句

主语+be动词+not+动词ing

Boys are not playing football on the grass. 一般疑问句

Be动词+主语+动词ing

Are boys playing football on the grass? 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

Where are boys playing football? 例题：

按要求改写句子。

1. Lee is swimming in the sea.

.（改写为否定句）

?（改写为一般疑问句） ?（改写为特殊疑问句） 2. They are having English class.

.（改写为否定句）

?（改写为一般疑问句） ?（改写为特殊疑问句） 4一般将来时的用法

1. 表示现在正在发生的事情（说话时正在进行）

My father is reading newspaper now. Look! Girls are singing and dancing.

2. 表示当前一段时间内正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）

We are learning computer this month. They are writing fairy tales this term.

选择填空。

1. She is _____ (run, running) now. 2. Look, Nick is _____ (coming, come). 3. Listen, she is _____ (singing, sing).

4. The fish is _____ (swimming, swim) in the river. 5. They are _____ (sitting, sit) in the classroom.

一般过去时 1一般过去时的基本概念

一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。常和表示过去的时间状语last?、yesterday、?ago、in 1990等连用。 2一般过去时的结构 1Be动词的一般过去时 ○主语 + be动词过去式 + 其他成分 She was in Beijing last year. 2实义动词的一般过去时 ○主语 + 实义动词过去式 + 其他成分 We went to school yesterday.

一般过去时的具体形式 1Be动词的一般过去时 ○第一人称I / 第三人称单数he/ she/ it+was He was a teacher.

第二人称单数you / 各人称复数we/ you/ they+were You were the best students in our class. They were late the day before yesterday. 例题：

用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I at school just now.

2. He at the summer camp last week. 3. They students two years ago. 4. Liming ten years old last year. 5. There a pear on the desk yesterday.

2实义动词的一般过去时 ○各人称单/ 复数+动词的过去式

We visited my grandparents last week. My mother gave me a new pen. 例题：

用动词的适当形式填空

1. He (live) in Beijing 3 years ago. 2. The dog (eat) a bird last night. 3. We (have) a party last year.

4. I (make) a model plane with my father yesterday. 5. They (play) the piano last night.

6. His father (read) a newspaper last night. 注：

一般过去式变化规则： 规则变化： 动词词尾加ed 以不发音的-e结尾的动词，动词词尾加-d 以辅音字+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed 以一个辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed 不规则变化 3一般过去时的句型变化 1Be动词的一般过去时 ○肯定句

He was very busy yesterday. 否定句

主语+be动词过去式+not+其他成分 He was not very busy yesterday. 一般疑问句

be动词过去式+主语+其他成分 Was he very busy yesterday? 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

Why was he very busy yesterday? 例题：

句型转换。

1. It was boring. 否定句

一般疑问句

肯定回答，否定回答

特殊疑问句

2. They were very excited yesterday. 否定句

一般疑问句

肯定回答，否定回答

特殊疑问句

work-worked，play-played live-lived，move-moved study-studied，try-tried stop-stopped，plan-planned go-went，make-made，buy-bought，come-came，fly-flew

2实义动词的一般过去时 ○肯定句

He had a new car. 否定句

主语+did+not+动词原形+其他成分 He did not have a new car. 一般疑问句

Did+主语+动词原形+其他成分 Did he have a new car? 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What did he have? 例题：

句型转换。

1. They sang songs in the classroom last night. 否定句

一般疑问句

肯定回答，否定回答

特殊疑问句

2. Sara went to see her grandparents last week. 否定句

一般疑问句

肯定回答，否定回答

特殊疑问句

注：

在一般过去时的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句中，需要将过去式变为动词原形。 4一般过去时的用法

1. 表示在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态

Mr. Wang was a teacher in the school last year. My dad bought a doll yesterday.

2. 表示在过去一段时间里，经常性或习惯性的动作或状态

When I was a child, I often played football. 例题：

用过给单词的适当形式填空。

1. Tom and Mike (come) to India last month.

2. Mary (not go) to bed until 11 o’clock last night.

3. 4. 5. 6.

Sara (read) English yesterday morning. I listened but (hear) nothing.

My father (not do) housework yesterday.

--When you (get) to Beijing yesterday? --We (get) to Beijing at 9:00.

7. How many people (be) there in your class last term? 8. There (be) a basketball match on TV yesterday evening. 9. Jack (not clean) the room just now.

10. She watches TV evening. But she (not watch) TV last night.

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