双面多轴钻床液压课程设计

毕业设计(论文)

卧式液压双面多轴钻床

系 别 ： 专业（班级）： 作者（学号）： 指导教师： 完成日期：

机械与车辆工程系 15级机械制造及其自动化班 赵成龙（51501111031）

李培

2016年6月11日

蚌埠学院教务处制

目 录

绪论........................................................................................................................................................................-3- 第一章 ;工况分析及液压原理图的拟定 .................................................................................................. - 4 -

1.1 工况分析 ............................................................................................................................................ - 4 - 1.1.1工作负载的计算 ..................................................................................................................... - 4 - 1.1.2运动分析 .................................................................................................................................. - 5 - 1.3拟定液压系统原理图 ...................................................................................................................... - 8 - 1.4液压系统工作原理分析 .................................................................................................................. - 9 - 第二章 液压缸的分析计算 ...................................................................................................................... - 10 -

2.1 液压缸工作压力的选定 ............................................................................................................... - 10 - 2.1.1液压缸内径及活塞杆直径的计算 ................................................................................... - 11 - 2.1.2液压缸工作缸内径的计算 ................................................................................................. - 11 - 2.1.3 确定活塞杆直径 .................................................................................................................. - 11 - 2.1.4 活塞杆稳定性校核 ............................................................................................................. - 11 - 2.2计算液压缸工作阶段的最大流量.............................................................................................. - 12 - 2.2.2 各阶段功率计算 .................................................................................................................. - 12 - 2.3液压缸的主要尺寸的设计计算 .................................................................................................. - 13 - 2.3.1液压缸主要尺寸的确定 ..................................................................................................... - 13 - 2.3.2液压缸壁厚和外径的计算 ................................................................................................. - 13 -

2.4液压缸基本尺寸的确定..........................................................................................................................-13- 2.4.1缸盖厚度的确定 ................................................................................................................... - 14 - 2.4.2最小导向长度的确定 .......................................................................................................... - 15 - 2.4.3缸体长度的确定 ................................................................................................................... - 15 - 2.4.4液压缸的结构设计 .............................................................................................................. - 16 - 2.5缸筒与缸盖的连接形式 ................................................................................................................ - 16 - 2.5.1活塞 .......................................................................................................................................... - 16 - 2.5.2缸筒 .......................................................................................................................................... - 17 - 2.5.3排气装置 ................................................................................................................................ - 17 - 2.5.4缓冲装置 ................................................................................................................................ - 17 - 2.6定位缸的计算 .................................................................................................................................. - 18 - 2.7 夹紧缸的计算 ................................................................................................................................. - 18 - 第三章 确定液压泵规格和电动机功率及型号 .................................................................................... - 19 -

3.1确定液压泵的规格 ......................................................................................................................... - 19 - 第四章 液压系统的性能验算 ............................................................................................................... - 21 -

4.1压力损失及调定压力的确定 ....................................................................................................... - 21 - 4.2系统的发热与温升 ......................................................................................................................... - 22 - 4.3系统的效率 ...................................................................................................................................... - 23 - 总 结 ............................................................................................................................................................... - 25 - 参 考 文 献 .................................................................................................................................................... - 26 -

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绪论

摘要：组合机床是由通用部件和某些专用部件所组成的高效率和自动化程度较高的专用机

床。它能完成钻、镗、铣、刮端面、倒角、攻螺纹、等加工和工件的转位、定位、夹紧、输送等动作。通用部件按功能可分为动力部件、支承部件、输送部件、控制部件和辅助部件五类。动力部件是为组合机床提供主运动和进给运动的部件。主要有动力箱、切削头和动力滑台。

卧式双面组合多轴组合钻床的液压系统是用来控制液压动力滑台的，通过动力滑台来实现组合机床的各个动作从而完成工件的加工。液压系统中有四个液压缸，其中两个为工作进给缸，两个为定位、夹紧缸。该系统中采用标准液压动力滑台（HY40A-1），自动化程度高，定位、夹紧均有液压系统实现，进行工作进给的左右滑台也可同时实现工作循环。

关键词：组合机床、高效率、自动化、动力滑台、液压系统

ABSTRACT;Is a combination of machine parts from GM and some components for the composi

tion of the high efficiency and high degree of automation for machine tools. It completed drilling, boring, milling, scraping end, Chamfer, Tapping, and other parts of the processing and transfer, positioning, clamping, transportation, and other movements. GM components and functional components can be divided into force, supporting parts, transmission parts, components and accessories control five categories. Dynamic combination of machine parts for the provision of the main movement and the movement of feed components. Main driving force for me, cutting head and power slider.

Horizontal drilling double combination of multi-axis combination of the hydraulic system is used to control the hydraulic power slider, sliding through the driving force to achieve Taiwan's machine tool combination of the various actions to complete the processing of the workpiece. There are four hydraulic system in the hydraulic cylinders, two of them work for the feed-cylinder, two for positioning, clamping cylinder. The system used in standard hydraulic power slider (HY40A-1), a high degree of automation, positioning, clamping have hydraulic systems, to work into the slip around Taiwan can also realize the work cycle.

Key Words：Combination of machine tools, high efficiency, automation, power slider, the hydraulic system

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一 ;工况分析及液压原理图的拟定

1.1 工况分析

1.1.1工作负载的计算

液压缸所受外负载F包括三种类型，即：

F?FW?Ff?Fa

FW为工作负载，FW?18000?Fa为运动部件速度变化时的惯性负载

Ff导轨摩擦阻力负载，启动时为静摩擦力，启动后为动摩擦阻力。静摩擦阻力负载对于平导轨可由式得Ff?f(G?FRn)G-运动部件重力FRn-垂直导轨的工作负载f-导轨摩擦系数，静摩擦系数为0.2，动摩擦系数为0.1则静：Ffs?0.2?98000?19600?动：Ffa?0.1?98000?9800?惯性负载Fa

Fa?ma?G?Vg?tm-运动部件的质量（kg）a-运动部件的加速度（m/s2）G?运动部件的重力（N）g-重力加速度（m/s）?V-速度变化量（m/s）?V?5.5m/min?t-速度变化所需时间，一般?t?0.01~0.55s,取?t?0.3G?V980005.5则Fa?ma????3056?g?t9.80.3?602

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根据以上计算结果列出各工作阶段所受的外负载见表1.1

工况 启动 计算公式 外负载F/N 19600 缸推力F/N 21778 Ffs Ffd?G?V g?t加速 12856 14284 快进 工进 反向启动 Ffd 9800 27800 19600 10889 30889 21778 FW?Ffd Ffs Ffd+ G?V g?t加速 12856 14284 快退 Ffd 9800 10889 注：表中取液压缸的机械效率为0.9.

1.1.2运动分析

按设备要求，把执行原件在完成一个循环时的运动规律用图表示出来，即速度图

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