考研英语熟词僻义

a deep-seated need

真题 We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others— all obviously statistical impossibilities.我们有一个根深蒂固的需求就是对自己感觉良好,我们自然会采纳 的美国利率作为领导高于平均水平,93%在推动和 85%与他人相处得很好,显然都统计不可能。（2014 考研二阅读 Text 2）

一些自我丰富的策略去研究所谓的“高于平均效应”,或“虚幻的优越感”,并表明,例如,70%

a rare bird

He is that ______ bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare

他可是个杰出的人物，一个不依附于任何一家机构独立工作的科学家。[2008考研一完型]

a spot-on critique

真题 Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. 她对于许多公共卫生活动缺点的批评是十分准确的：他们未 一阅读 Text 1）

能动员同辈压力来形成健康的习惯，并且他们展示了是对心理学的严重误解。（2012 考研

a sure-fire way

真题 Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. 分开的孩子或成年人,分成更小的分类被证明是提高利润必火的方式。（2012 考研二阅读 Text 2）

a train of

真题 we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.我们创造相似的路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，它们可以

将我们的一系列的思维跨越到新的、有创造力的轨道到。（ 2009 年考研一阅读 Text1） absence [??bs?ns]

真题 but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益，它们自有生存下去的权利。（2010 年考研一翻译）

Absorb

absorb the additional hardships（忍受额外的困苦） During the same period, families

have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. [2007 Text 3]（与此 同时，家庭成员的退休收入也要承担更多风险。）【常见义】v [T]吸收；吸进

accommodate[??k?m?de?t]

And they also need to give serious thought to how they can best______such changes. [A] strengthen [C] stimulate

[B] accommodate [D] enhance

同时他们也要密切关注他们如何才能适应这些变化。[2003年考研一完型]

account [??kaunt]

真题 1 A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. 有一个叫约翰丹的裁缝，他在 17 世纪

30 年代后期移民到新英格兰，留下了一份描述自己离开英国的原因的作品，里面充满了许多符号。（2009 年考研一阅读 Text 4）

真题 2 According to accounts of the experiments.根据实验的描述。（2010 年考研一完形）真题 3 A vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk.一个关于新书《离婚对话》的生动的描述。（2010 年考研二阅读 Text 2）

accountable [??kaunt?b?l]

真题 The justices must address doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves accountable to the code of conduct.法官必须通过使自身对行为准则负责来处理大家对法院合 法性的疑问。 （2012 年考研一完形）

acquisition[??kwi?zi??n]

真题 The cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by the continuing acquisition.铁

路行业的成本上升主要是由持续的收购引起的. （ 2003 年考研一阅读 Text 3） act

This dreadful murder is surely the act of a madman. （这种令人惊骇的谋杀纯粹是疯子的行为。）This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. [2007 Text 1]（这次实验的成功，加上后来那些表明记忆力不是由遗传 决定的实验，使埃里克森得出结论：记忆行为与其说是一种直觉活动，不如说是一种认知活

动。） Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects? behavior. [2010 Section I]（出人意料的是，人们最终以将这些研究的结果命名了为“霍桑效应”——一种极具影响力的观点，认为仅仅成为实验对象这一举动就足以使受试者的行为发生改变。）Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in

Virginia. [2008 Text 4] （而仅仅在那之前的十年，这样的行为在弗吉尼亚还需要得到立法机

构的批准。） n [C]（立法机构所立的）法案，法令：Parliament has passed an act which makes

such sports illegal（.议会通过了一项法例，规定这些娱乐是非法的。）The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts. [2013 Text 4]（唯一主要的反对来自大法官安东

宁·斯卡利亚，他为州特权提供了更加强有力的辩护，这些州特权可回溯到《外国人与煽动叛乱法》这一法案。）

【常见义】v [I, T]扮演 v [I]行动 address /

/

真题 1 Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. [2002 Text 1]

（因此，谈话对象不同，所谈的问题也不同。）

真题 2 I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them.我正在弗吉尼亚州乡下的一个起居室里发表讲话—女子团体邀请男性加入他们的行列。（2010 年考研二阅读 Text 2）

真题 3 Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. [2014 Text 4] （然而，令人遗憾的是，该

报告未能指出文科教育面临的危机的实质，故其带来的弊大于利。）

真题 4 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless. [2006 Section I]（《波士顿环球报》的记者克里斯·里迪指出，只有通过综合规划来满足无家可归

者的各种需求，情况才能够得到改善。）

真题 5 The justices must address doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves accountable to the code of conduct.法官们必须处理人们对法院的合法性的质疑，通过自己的行为对法律准则的负责。（2012 年考研一完型）

真题 6It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need. 这需要我们将历史遗留的偏见放到一边。并且采取措施来解决我们急迫的住房需求问题。（2014 年考研二阅读 Text 4）

真题 7 This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory.

这条规则是为了解决学生的困难来自贫困或混乱的家庭得学生们在完成作业的过程中会遇到的困难，但政策尚不清楚和矛盾。（2012 年考研二阅读 Text 1）

真题 8The policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.这项政策没有解决任何的关于家庭作业的棘手的问题。（2012 年考研二阅读 Text 1）

Agent

Technological advances are the chief agents; of change.（技术进步是变革的主要推动力。） Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent; of evolution has gone. [2000 Passage 2]（由于大部分的变异是由基因引起的，所以又一个影响进化的因素消失了。）

【常见义】n [C]代理人，经纪人 aggressive[??gresiv]

真题 The most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.

在美国，赌博事业最重要和最积极的推进者，是政府。（2006 年考研一新题型）

agreement [??gri:m?nt]

真题 There was less agreement on this issue. 在这个问题上的共识则更少。（2007 年考研一完形）

Air

smile with a triumphant air（带著胜利神情的微笑）Even Tommasini, who had advocated

Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” [2011 Text 1] （甚至在《纽约时报》上发表文章支持任命吉尔伯特的托马西尼，都称其为“一位谦逊的音乐家， 在他身上没有指挥家那种令人望而生畏的神态”。）

alert [?'l?:t]

真题 Consumers passionate about a product may create \ to friends, and a company may leverage \sales to customers registered with its Web site. 热衷某一产品的消费者可能会通过自愿向

朋友宣传该产品的方式，创建 免费（口碑）媒介；公司可以通过发送有关产品和销售信息的电子邮件提醒给在其网站注册的用户，来利用\自有\媒体。（ 2011 年考研一阅读 Text 3）

allegation [??li'gei??n]

真题 Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign become hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a

brand or product.这种被劫持媒介是免费（口碑）媒介的对立面：一项资产或一个活动变成

消费者、其他利益相关者或积极分子的人质，这些人对某一品牌或产品发表负面言论。（ 2011 年考研一阅读 Text 3）

真题 Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.一听到在研究环境中的一些动物受到残忍的对待的指控，很多人就困惑，是不是有人想故意地伤害动物。（ 2003 年考研一阅读 Text 2）

alone [??l?un]

Text 2）

真题 1 But research alone is inadequate.然而，仅仅研究是不够的。（2005 年考研一阅读

真题 2 This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in.

仅这就足以证明电视行业并不容易生存。（2005 考研一翻译）

真题 3 While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone，in reality we are continually faced with a question “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that ” 我们或许只通过意识就能维持这种控制的幻觉，但事实上，我们却总是面

临一个问题：我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事情，实现那个目标呢？（2011 年考研一翻译）

anchor

He signed off after nineteen years as CBS news anchor.（在做了 19 年哥伦比亚广播公司新

闻节目主持人后，他辞职不干了。） Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. [2006 Text 4]（快餐食客们、新闻主播们以及发送短信息者，都在

微笑，微笑，微笑。） answer

The press called her Britain’s answer to Marilyn Monroe.（新闻界称她为英国的玛丽莲·梦

露。） [2013 Text 1] Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan?s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. [2013 Text 1] 迈克尔·波伦的《杂

食者的困境》一书是维护消费者权益的畅销书，而《过度时装消费》则相当于时尚界的《杂食者的困境》。

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