高中英语名词性从句详解（附练习）

高中英语名词性从句详解

什么是从句：从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。

从句的分类：在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

名词性从句 在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。 种类 作用 常用关联词 例句 在复合句中做主语，相当于名Whether he will come or not 主语从词，一般置谓语之前，也可用that, whether, doesn’t matter much. 句 it作形式主语，主语从句放主if, as if, as Whoever comes here will be 句之后 though, who, welcome. 表语从在复合句中做表语，相当于名whose, which, It looks as if it is going to snow. 句 词，位于系动词之后 how, when, 宾语从在复合句中做宾语，相当于名where, why, He asked me which team could win what, 句 词 the game. 放在名词之后(news, problem, whatever, You have no idea how worried we 同位语idea, suggestion, advice, whoever, are. 从句 thought, hope, fact等) 表明其wherever The fact that he lied again greatly 具体内容 surprised us.

主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。

That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。 What he said is true. 他说的是真的。

Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。

也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… (B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...

(C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … (D)It seems/happens that…

如：

It is clear that he doesn’t want to let you know the truth. It is a shame that I fail the exam.

It is said that China will win in the World Cup. It happened that I went out last night.

表语从句 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，可以省略。

The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。

That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。

At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 宾语从句(object clauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。

He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。 I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。

I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会，我很高兴。

I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。

Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。

He asked me whether she was coming. 他问我，她来还是不来。 同位语从句 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。

It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。

I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。

He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。 There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。

一、考点聚焦

1、名词性从句中连接词的运用

名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。

（1）that的用法。

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we don’t have enough money.

She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.

②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：

He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that和what的区别。

that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，并且有它的含义。如：

It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.

（2）whether和if的用法。

①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：

It all depends on whether they will come back. ②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：

I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.

③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：

Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money.

④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如： We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.

⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：

The question of whether they are male or female is not important. I have not decided whether to go or not.

⑥whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如： Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time. （3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。

①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如： Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. ②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well.

③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如： No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：

They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened. 2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致

（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：

Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here?

The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.

（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：

When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.

When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. 3、名词性从句的词序

名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如： He asked me what was the matter with me.

We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house. Whatever you say will interest us all. 二、精典名题导解 选择填空

1. A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。

2. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.. —Is that _________ you had a few days off ?

A. why B. when C. what D. where 解析：答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗？”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。

3. I hate __________ when peope talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them 解析：答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。

4. We cannot figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals

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