supplementary exercises for Chapter 4
更新时间:2024-07-05 00:29:01 阅读量: 综合文库 文档下载
Chapter 4:Syntax
I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, including the combination of morphemes into words. F 2. Grammatical sentences are formed following a set of syntactic rules. T 3. Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic. F
4. Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence. T 5. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend. T
6. In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other. T
7. Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category. T 8. Minor lexical categories are open because these categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for. F
1
9. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase. F
10. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb. T
11. What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge. F 12. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.T 13. It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure. T 14. WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative. T
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:
15. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.
16. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 17. A subject may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.
2
18. The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject is grammatically called predicate. 19. A complex sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.
20. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an embedded clause. 21. Major lexical categories are open categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.
22. That component that precedes the head of a phrase is termed as s_________ in syntax.
23. There is no limit to the number of c___________ categories that can appear prior to a conjunction.
III. There are four given choices for each statement below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:
24. A sentence is considered __D__ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical 25. Phrase structure rules have _A___ properties.
A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional 26. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand D A. how words and phrases form sentences.
3
B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above.
27. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _____A___.
A. transformational rules B. generative rules C. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory 28. The sentence structure is ____D____. A. only linear B. Only hierarchical
C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical 29. The syntactic rules of any language are __C__ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite
30. The ___D_____ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.
A. lexical B. morphological C. linguistic D. combinational 31.___B____ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. A. Generative B. Transformational C. X-bar D. Phrase structure IV. Define the following terms:
32. syntax: Syntax is a subfield of linguistics. It studies the sentence structure of language. It consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences.
4
33. Sentence: A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. Normally, a sentence consists of at least a subject and a predicate which contains a finite verb or a verb phrase.
34. syntactic categories: Apart from sentences and clauses, a syntactic category usually refers to a word (called a lexical category) or a phrase ( called a phrasal category) that performs a particular grammatical function.
35. subcategorization:
36. transformational rules:
37. D-structure:
V. Answer the following questions:
38. What syntactic mechanisms are involved in deriving a surface structure from a deep structure?
5
39. What is a coordinate structure and what properties does it have? ……..A coordinate sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word that is called coordinating conjunction, such as \For example:
John is reading a linguistic book, and Mary is preparing for her history exam.
40. Draw a tree diagram for each of the following sentences so as to reveal their internal structures: 1) Will you tell me what this is about?
2) Scar and his hyena allies execute a sly plan which hurt Simba deeply. 3) I’m afraid that I don’t really know you. 4) I made the mistake of being honest with you. 5) She was looking indifferently at the passing cars.
6) The wonderful thing about living is that this sort of thing can happen. 7) He asked me if I was expecting the visitor that came from the countryside.
6
39. What is a coordinate structure and what properties does it have? ……..A coordinate sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word that is called coordinating conjunction, such as \For example:
John is reading a linguistic book, and Mary is preparing for her history exam.
40. Draw a tree diagram for each of the following sentences so as to reveal their internal structures: 1) Will you tell me what this is about?
2) Scar and his hyena allies execute a sly plan which hurt Simba deeply. 3) I’m afraid that I don’t really know you. 4) I made the mistake of being honest with you. 5) She was looking indifferently at the passing cars.
6) The wonderful thing about living is that this sort of thing can happen. 7) He asked me if I was expecting the visitor that came from the countryside.
6
正在阅读:
supplementary exercises for Chapter 407-05
浅谈联网直报环境下如何开展统计执法工作06-18
关于编制连铸无酸除鳞成套设备项目可行性研究报告编制说明01-01
有限合伙合伙协议范本04-15
2004年北京市高职升本科英语试题06-26
新生儿1~2个月婴儿人工喂养方法02-23
刘春霖:中国最后一个状元05-24
杰克&183;韦尔奇领导秘诀105-15
第7讲 东亚-日本【高中地理】05-20
- 多层物业服务方案
- (审判实务)习惯法与少数民族地区民间纠纷解决问题(孙 潋)
- 人教版新课标六年级下册语文全册教案
- 词语打卡
- photoshop实习报告
- 钢结构设计原理综合测试2
- 2014年期末练习题
- 高中数学中的逆向思维解题方法探讨
- 名师原创 全国通用2014-2015学年高二寒假作业 政治(一)Word版
- 北航《建筑结构检测鉴定与加固》在线作业三
- XX县卫生监督所工程建设项目可行性研究报告
- 小学四年级观察作文经典评语
- 浅谈110KV变电站电气一次设计-程泉焱(1)
- 安全员考试题库
- 国家电网公司变电运维管理规定(试行)
- 义务教育课程标准稿征求意见提纲
- 教学秘书面试技巧
- 钢结构工程施工组织设计
- 水利工程概论论文
- 09届九年级数学第四次模拟试卷
- supplementary
- exercises
- Chapter
- 配置SQL 2012的AlwaysOn
- 苏教版三年级科学下册教学计划
- 工程投资控制目标和保证措施
- 2015--2016学年度上期高三升学班半期试题及答题卷
- 沪教版小学一年级上册数学全册教学设计
- 人生道路上最真的话,没有人天生就是成功者
- 武汉理工大学-现代检测理论与技术网课题目和答案
- 《铝及其化合物》
- 中国家装饰品行业市场前景分析预测年度报告(目录) - 图文
- 治疗高血压的偏方
- 混凝土施工方案
- 国际私法案例分析及答案
- 传染病学执业考试知识点(2009)
- 《明湖居听书》导学案
- 2011年最新国家公务员考试行测试题及答案
- 人教版四年级数学下册高效课堂全册教案
- 名师支招:雅思阅读高分秘诀
- 水果速冻品项目可行性研究报告(发改立项备案+2013年最新案例范
- 鄂教版小学语文六年级下册单元测试卷 全套
- 露天煤矿建设项目可行性研究报告