重点语法串讲及同步练习(一)至(四)

人教新课标高二寒假（必修5、选修6）重点知识复习回顾 并经典寒假作业（附答案）

重点语法专攻（一）

Ⅰ. 动词时态

英语中的时态根据时间可以划分为现在时、将来时、过去时和过去将来时；根据动作方式可以分为一般时、进行时、完成时和完成进行时。两种方式结合起来在高中阶段常见的时态有下列11种（以动词do为例）：

1. 一般现在时（do / does）

表示习惯性的、永久性的或反复出现的动作或状态及客观真理。通常与always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，rarely，every day等时间状语连用。如：

He always gets up at 8:00 am and goes to bed at 10:00 pm.

The house belongs to one of my friends, but now she doesn’t live here any more.

注意：在由when，if，as等引导的时间、条件、比较状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：I will tell you as soon as Miss Du comes back.

2. 现在进行时（am / is / are + doing）

表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，或指当前一段时间内的活动情况或现阶段正在进行的动作，

也指最近计划或安排要进行的活动。通常与now，at the moment等时间状语连用。如：

Could you turn the radio down? The baby is sleeping now.

He is flying to Shanghai tomorrow to watch the World Expo.

1 感官动词（fell，taste，hear等） 注意：○、状态动词（be，appear，belong等）、情感动词（like，

2 现在进行时care，hate等）及心理活动的词（admit，agree，know等）都不能用于进行时态。○

和always连用常表达不满、厌恶、烦躁、赞赏、满意等感情色彩。如：He is always talking in my class.

3. 现在完成时（has / have + done）

表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，或过去的动作一直延续到现在的状态。常

用already，yet，ever，never，since，just，recently，so far，up to now等时间状语连用。如： I have been here for 6 years since I graduated in 2005.

My car has broken down for three times within a month.

注意：在句型“It / This is / will be the first / second / third time that …”和“It / This is / will be the + 形

容词最高级 + 名词 + that …”中，从句中常用现在完成时。

4. 现在完成进行时（has / have been + doing）

表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作，动作可能刚刚结束，也可能延续下去，强

调动作进行的过程或到现在为止的一段时间内反复进行的动作。如：

I have been doing my homework the whole morning. So I feel a little tired.

5. 一般过去时（did）

表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。常用yesterday，last month，two days

ago等时间状语连用。如：I went to study abroad in the USA two years ago and I came back last week. 注意：It is (high) time that …和would rather后的从句中用一般过去时。

6. 过去进行时（was / were + doing）

表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作，或按计划安排将要发生的动作。常与at this time

last week等连用，或与时间状语从句连用，描述一件事发生的背景：一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作正在发生。如：Mary was listening to some classical music ten minutes ago.

I was watching TV at this time last night when my father came home.

7. 过去完成时（had done）

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即动作发生在“过去的过去”。常

用在hardly / scarcely … when，no sooner … than等句型中。如：

They had finished all the work before the manager came.

No sooner had we left the place than it began to rain.

8. 过去完成进行时（had been doing）

表示过去某个时间之前一直进行的动作。如：

My brother had been playing football all the afternoon before he went back home.

9. 一般将来时（will / shall + do）

表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：

We will take some new courses next term and have fewer PE lessons.

拓展：将来时的其他表达形式：be going to do, be to do, be about to do, be doing。

10. 将来进行时（will / shall be doing）

表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。如：

I will be having a discussion with my students at 8:00 tomorrow morning.

11. 过去将来时（would / should do）

表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：

She asked me on the phone when she should return my dictionary.

Ⅱ. 被动语态

英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。最常见的被动语态及其构成形式如下：

注意：1. 系动词及感官动词（seem，look，smell，hear，taste等）不能用于被动语态。

2. 表示“需要”的词如need，require和want等，其后常用动词-ing形式表示被动意义，即need

/ require / want doing = need / require / want to be done。

3. 不及物动词和表示状态及特征的及物动词或短语（belong to，break out，break down，come

true，exist，happen，contain等）不能用于被动语态。

同步练习（一）

Ⅰ. 单项填空。

1. When I call my mother, I found that I the cell phone in the car.

A. will; left B. should; has left C. was to; had left D. was going to; left

2. ---How long have you learned English? ---I it for six years by the end of next term.

A. have learnt B. am learning C. will learn D. will have learnt

3. In the old days, people thought the earth flat, but later scientists found out that it actually round.

A. is; is B. was; had been C. is; was D. was; is

4. ---What do you think of the dish? ---Oh, it so nice. I like it very much.

A. is tasted B. tastes C. is being tasted D. has tasted

5. I don’t know if it tomorrow. If it

A. will rain; rains B. rains; will rain C. will rain; will rain D. rains; rains

6. ---You so tired. What’s wrong? ---I my mother with the housework all day.

A. look; help B. are looked; have helped C. look; have been helping D. are looking; am helping

7. The boy to go on a diet for he 150 kilos now.

A. is suggested; weighs B. is suggested; is weighed C. suggests; weighed D. suggests; is weighed

8. ---Have you ever been to Beijing before?

---No, it is the first time that I here. And I am sure it won’t be the last time.

A. am B. be C. have been D. had been

9. The river used to be very clean, but now it smells bad for it seriously.

A. pollutes B. was polluted C. has polluted D. has been polluted

10. ---Mr. Wang is seriously ill in bed. ---Really? I that. Let’s go to see him after work.

A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. haven’t known D. hadn’t known

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Recently we (have) a heated discussion about whether students should do part-time jobs.

2. I (live) in the country for about 10 years and then I moved to New York with my parents.

3. I can’t stand my neighbors any more. They (always chat) loudly until 12:00 pm every night.

4. My grandpa used to tell me that practice (make) perfect.

5. The new medicine can’t (use) to treat cancer, for it (test) at the moment.

6. My parents (get) married in 1980, and they (live) a happy life together since then.

7. The door (keep) open until 10 pm every day because some students have classes at night.

8. When I (get) back home, I found that my house (break) into by someone.

9. The pen which (give) to me as a birthday present (write) well.

10. I am tired out, for I (learn) to drive the whole afternoon.

Ⅲ. 单句改错：下列句中均有一处错误，请找出并予以改正。

1. Great changes have been taken place in China in the past 30 years.

2. As soon as I will arrive at the office, I will send you an email.

3. The baby has taken good care of by the nurses in the hospital these days.

4. Your bedroom is so dirty and it requires cleaned at once.

5. The Karate Kid was so popular that all tickets sell out in an hour.

6. You must hurry up because the train leaves in half an hour.

7. I bought the shirt because the shop assistant said the cloth was washed easily.

8. It is said that the new teaching building has completed next month.

Ⅳ. 把下列主动句改为被动句，每空限填一词。

1. We made Tom clean the classroom alone yesterday afternoon.

Tom clean the classroom alone yesterday afternoon.

2. My father gave me a book as a birthday present yesterday.

A book me as a birthday present by my father yesterday.

3. We haven’t decided when and where the meeting will be held yet.

When and where to hold the meeting yet.

4. Mr. Smith is repairing my watch in his office at the moment.

My watch by Mr. Smith in his office at the moment.

5. He told me he would build a new library in our school with his workmates.

He told me a new library in our school by him together with his workmates. Ⅴ. 根据提示翻译下列句子。

1. 医生们正在给这个小女孩的腿做手术。（被动语态）

2. 我们刚要出门的时候，妈妈就打电话说爷爷要来。（hardly … when）

3. 即使受到邀请，我也不会出席他的生日宴会的。（过去将来时）

4. 当晚事故发生的时候，这家人正在睡觉。（过去进行时）

5. 等我一会儿，我马上就做完家庭作业了。（进行时表将来）

6. 我们将搭乘明天早上8：00起飞的飞机前往伦敦。（一般现在时）

重点语法专攻——非谓语动词（二）

Ⅰ. 分词

1. 句法功能

分词包括现在分词（v.-ing）和过去分词（v.-ed），既具有动词的特征，又具有形容词和副词

的特征，常在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。如：

The girl standing under the tree is my best friend Mary.（作定语）

The stolen car was found by the police last week and returned to Tom.（作定语）

The news we heard just now is very encouraging and we all cheer up.（作表语）

The watch my father bought me for my birthday is broken.（作表语）

I saw the teacher making an experiment when I walked into his office.（作宾补）

When I opened the door, I found the ground covered with fallen leaves.（作宾补）

When shopping in the supermarket, I came across one of my old friends.（作状语）

Though built 30 years ago, the house looks beautiful.（作状语）

1 现在分词和过去分词的区别：前者表示主动意思，且动作正在进行；而后者表示被动意 注意：○

思，且动作已经完成。

2 有些动词的分词形式可作形容词用，-ing结尾的形容词表示“令人 的” ○，-ed结尾的形容词表示“感到 的”。这类常用动词有：excite, tire, interest, surprise, shock, disappoint, please, relax, bore, satisfy等。

3 with复合结构中宾补的形式： ○“with + 宾语 + doing”表示动作正在进行，而“with + 宾语 + done”表示动作已经完成或宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。

4 单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词前；分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词后。现在分 ○

词作定语，表示和所修饰的词之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词作定语时与被修饰的词之间存在着动宾关系。

5 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如不一致，则需使用状语从句。 ○

2.

如：Having worked in the company for 3 years, he knows the importance of knowledge.

The question being discussed at the meeting is of much importance.

Ⅱ. 动名词

1. 句法功能

动名词是由动词原形 + ing构成的一种形式，兼有动词和名词的特征，在句中常作主语、表

语、宾语、定语。如：Collecting stamps is my favorite in my spare time.（作主语）

His job is teaching two classes physical education in a primary school.（作表语）

Without saying any word, he left the meeting room angrily.（作介词宾语）

The swimming pool is being repaired, so it can’t be open to the public at the moment.（作定语）

注意：动名词作主语时，表示客观事实或经常性的动作。当动名词作主语，use，good，pity，fun，

worth，interesting等名词或形容词作表语时，常用it作形式主语，把真正主语动名词后置。如：

It is fun chatting and going out with friends at weekends.

2.

Ⅲ. 不定式

1. 句法功能

不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的一种形式，在句子中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，常

作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。如：

To become an engineer is his dream and he is determined to realize it.（作主语）

The next step is to make sure whether he will attend our meeting or not.（作表语）

They promised to buy a new camera for their son if he behaved well.（作宾语）

He invited some of his friends to dinner at home, which made his mother angry.（作宾补）

Would you go to the exhibition on be held tomorrow with me?（作定语）

We were very disappointed to hear the news that our team friend.（作原因状语）

1 不定式作主语或宾语时，常由it代替作形式主语或形式宾语，不定式作真正的主语或宾 注意：○

语。

如：To learn English well is very important for us students now.

= It is important for us students to learn English well now.

I find it relaxing to spend time reading novels or listening to music online.

2 有些动词后既可跟不定式作宾语，○也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同。如：regret / remember / forget to do sth遗憾地 / 记得 / 忘记去做某事；regret / remember / forget doing sth后悔 / 记得 / 忘记做了某事；mean to do sth打算做某事；mean doing sth意味着；try to do sth努力做某事；trying doing sth尝试做某事；can’t help to do sth帮不上忙；can’t help doing sth情不自禁做某事。

3 在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词（组）后常○

用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。

4 不定式结构还可以作独立成分放在句首，如：to tell you the truth, to be honest等。 ○

To tell you the truth, we haven’t seen each other for nearly twenty years.

2.

同步练习（二）

Ⅰ. 单项填空。

1. He mainly talks about the trouble young children have right from wrong.

A. told B. to tell C. telling D. to be told

2. I have a lot of letters before I come back home.

A. dealing with B. to deal with C. dealt with D. deal with

3. At her birthday party, she showed us many of her photos in Paris.

A. taken B. to take C. to be taken D. taking

4. It is said that the film next week is based on a real story and that it is very moving.

A. shown B. showed C. to be shown D. is shown

5. from the top of the tower, you will find our school really small like a yard.

A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. Having seen

6. It is no good kids money for getting good grades.

A. to pay B. to be paying C. pay D. paying

7. good care of the old is a good tradition of Chinese people.

A. Take B. Taken C. Taking D. Took

8. It rained heavily in the south last month, serious flooding in several provinces.

A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. cause

9. ---Mum, do you me to attend the party this weekend? ---As long as you come back before 10 pm.

A. agree B. suggest C. hope D. allow

10. John, a job for half a year, finally found a job in a printing house.

A. has not had B. have not had C. not having had D. having not had

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. The World Expo, (hold) in 2010 in Shanghai, China, was a success.

2. The Browns arrived there and found a comfortable house (live) in.

3. He is said (go) abroad half a year ago. So you can’t see him now.

4. Stop making so much noise! Haven’t you seen your father (work) now?

5. (suffer) from heart attack many years ago, he has to take medicine wherever he goes.

6. We had just walked into the forest when he began to cry as if (bite) by a snake.

7. To keep warm, they had the fire (burn) all through the night.

8. Have you read the novels (write) by the famous Chinese blogger, Han Han?

9. (get) more information about the program, call Li Hua at 0538 8237645.

10. Many customers can’t help (persuade) into buying what they don’t really need.

Ⅲ. 用非谓语动词形式转换句型，每空限填一词。

1. When he saw our good performance, he felt very satisfied.

our good performance, he felt very satisfied.

2. He returned home, but he was told that all the guests had already left.

He returned home, only that all the guests had already left.

3. He looks after his sick mother, and he thinks he has a duty to do so.

He thinks his duty his sick mother.

4. Before he moves in, he is going to have someone paint the house.

Before he moves in, he is going to have the house 5. We found it hard to persuade him to change his mind and join us.

We had difficulty him to change his mind and join us.

6. He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to Chongqing.

He got up early catch the first bus to Chongqing.

7. We saw him go upstairs with a heavy bag in his hand.

He was seen upstairs with a heavy bag in his hand.

8. It is surprising to see him break the world record once again.

We are to see him break the world record once again.

Ⅳ. 单句改错：下列句中均有一处错误，请找出并予以改正。

1. Most of the artists being invited to the party were from South Africa.

2. I was annoying at his rude words so I quarreled with him about it.

3. The workers worked in the factory are all from the southwest of China.

4. Tom had his leg breaking when he was playing football with his classmates on the playground.

5. We couldn’t help burst out laughing when he made a face in class.

6. She was the first woman winning the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

Ⅴ. 根据提示翻译下列句子，每空限填一词。

1. 错过2点的火车就意味着还要等三个小时。

Missing the 2 o’clock train for another three hours.

2. 从山顶上看，这座城市很美。

from the top of the hill, the city looks very beautiful.

3. 你不该让他一直站在外面，不然他会感冒的。

You shouldn’t outside all the time, or he’ll catch a cold.

4. 有那么多工作要做，我周末根本没有时间去看我的父母。

With so much work , I have no time at the weekend to visit my parents.

5. 再争论这个问题已经没有什么用了。

about this problem again.

6. 选他做班长是我们开会后的决定。

him as our monitor is our decision after the meeting.

重点语法专攻（三）

Ⅰ. 虚拟语气

英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。其中虚拟语气是指把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观事实。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象和祝愿等。

If you had seen the film, you would have been moved to tears too.

If it should rain tomorrow, we might put off the picnic till next week.

2. 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是隐含在上下文中或

小词上（如连词、介词without / with或介词短语but for等），这样的句子称为含蓄条件句。如： But for your help, I might not have finished the work on time.

He informed me of the important meeting, or I would have known nothing about it.

3. 虚拟语气在错综时间条件句中的应用

当虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据上下文的意

思和各自所指的时间采用不同的虚拟语气形式。

如：If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now.

4. 虚拟语气在其他句式中的应用

1）在“It is desired / suggested / proposed / necessary / important / strange / natural / a pity + that …”

句式中，从句中的谓语动词用“（should +）动词原形”结构。如：

It is important that we (should) make a good plan for our study.

2）表示命令或要求（demand, order, require, command）、建议（suggest, advise, recommend）、坚持

（insist）等动词后的从句中谓语动词用“（should +）动词原形”结构。如：

The workers demanded that their working conditions (should) be improved.

3）动词wish后的宾语从句中谓语动词有三种形式：当表示与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用动词

的过去时（be用were）；当表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“would / could + have + 过去分词”；当表示与将来事实可能相反时，谓语动词用“would / could / should / might + 动词原形”。如：I wish I could be ten years younger and played with my schoolmates.

4）在as if / though引导的表语从句或状语从句中，有时可用虚拟语气表示不真实的情况，其形式

与wish相同。如：She speaks English so fluently as if she had once studied English in America.

5）在句型“It is (high, about)time that …”中，从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should + 动词原形”

（should不能省略）。如：It is high time that we should pay more attention to global warming.

6）在if only（要是 就好了）和would rather后面的从句中，若表示现在没有实现的愿望，谓

语动词用一般过去时；若表示过去未实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成时。如：

If only I had the time to travel to Shanghai with my family.

Ⅱ. 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句

1. 名词性从句

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。这些从句使用的引导词有：

that，whether，if，whose，which，what，when，where，why，who(m)，how，whoever，whatever，whichever等。如：He said he didn’t like this job and that he wanted to change for another one.

1 if不能引导表语从句或放在句首的主语从句，也不可以引导介词的宾语从句。 注意：○

2 that引导主语从句时不能省略。 ○

2. 定语从句

引导定语从句的引导词有who，whom，that，which，whose，as，when，where和why。如： Do you know how to get to the building which / that is the tallest in America?

The reason why he was late was that he got caught in the heavy traffic.

3. 状语从句

状语从句主要有事件状语从句（when, while, as, until, before, after, as soon as, the moment,

immediately, no sooner … that, hardly / scarcely … when, every time等）、地点状语从句（where, wherever, everywhere等）、原因状语从句（as, since, because, now that等）、条件状语从句（if, unless, as long as等）、目的状语从句（so that, in order that, in case等）、让步状语从句（although, though, even if, even though, no matter what / where / …, whatever …等）、比较状语从句（as … as …, the same as, ...than …等）、方式状语从句（as, as if, as though等）、结果状语从句（so … that, such … that等）。如：The knew his teacher came back the moment he heard the footsteps.

The apartment in the downtown is smaller, but I have to pay twice as much as the one in the suburb. 同步练习（三）

Ⅰ. 单项填空。

1. ---Can you tell us how to solve the problem? ---I’m sorry. I don’t think I can. But I wish I A. am able to B. was able to C. can D. could

2. If I had been to Hawaii, I you some advice on what to prepare for your journey.

A. would give B. will give C. have given D. had given

3. Without my parents’ encouragement and support, I the entrance examination.

A. should not pass B. would not pass C. should not have passed D. would not have passed

4. Mike is such a kind and helpful person we all like to turn to him.

A. that B. who C. as D. /

5. My father suggested that I some money for my child’s education.

A. saved B. would save C. save D. have saved

6. I like the house with a big balcony, which I can see the whole view of Renmin Park.

A. from B. in C. with D. to

7. It’s time that we the question or we will have to put it off till next week.

A. discussing B. discussed C. will discuss D. are discussing

8. The question remains young people depend on their parents after they get married.

A. if B. where C. so D. whether

Ⅱ. 根据句意及句子结构选择合适的引导词完成句子。

1. I’m not sure whether the information he told me secretly is true or not.

2. is known to us, the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.

3. The workers are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.

4. everybody is here, I would like to announce something important.

5. The old lady treats the boy very well, he were her own son.

6. I went home, I had to finish my homework and handed it in.

7. I will never forget the day I received the beautiful gift from my grandparents.

8. She introduced some singers to us, none of I had ever heard of before.

Ⅲ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. If I (not be) busy yesterday, I would have seen you off at the airport.

2. How I wish I (visit) the Pyramids in Egypt in the coming winter holiday!

3. I didn’t see him at the meeting. Otherwise, I (tell) him the news.

4. It is time that Mr. Smith (pick) up his daughter from the kindergarten.

5. It is necessary that you (collect) information from the kindergarten.

6. Can you tell me what (happen) if there were no water on the earth?

7. I would rather she (not tell) the bad news that her husband died in the accident.

8. She talked about the film as if she (really see) it, but I knew she didn’t.

9. He suggested that we (go) out to have a picnic in the suburb this weekend.

10. If it (snow) tomorrow, we would stay at home, watching TV.

Ⅳ. 单句改错：下列句中均有一处错误，请找出并予以改正。

1. He told me in the email which a party would be held to celebrate the success.

2. I told my mother the good news immediately when she came back from work.

3. The old lady always thinks of others, and she will help who is in need.

4. Our teacher asked us to make a mark which we have any questions in reading.

5. If he will come to attend the conference on Wednesday remains unknown.

6. Mr. Wang was elected the manager of the market was good news to all of us.

7. What is obvious that the old couple loved their son very much though they sometimes criticized him.

8. A new building has been set up in which was a school several years ago.

Ⅴ. 根据提示翻译下列句子。

1. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就给她打电话。（虚拟语气）

2. 要不是那场大雨，他就不会误了火车，今天也就能到了。（but for）

3. 我担心他的建议是否可行。（宾语从句）

4. 他放弃了这家公司提供的工作机会，原因是他认为工资太低了。（主语从句和表语从句）

5. 他获得了耶鲁大学的奖学金，这让他的父母很自豪。（定语从句）

6. 无论遇到什么困难，都不能失去自信。（让步状语从句）

重点语法专攻（四）

Ⅰ. 倒装

1. 完全倒装（即将主语与谓语动词倒置）

1）在以here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，off，away等副词开头的句子中，且句子主

语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如：

The door opened and in came our teacher followed by a new student.

注意：若主语为代词，则不用倒装，只把副词提前即可。如：Out he went without saying anything.

2）当表语和地点状语（多为介词短语）置于句首加以强调时，通常用完全倒装语序。如： Among those students was my friend Jim, who came from Canada.

2. 部分倒装（即将主语与助动词倒置）

1）当never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，no sooner，no longer，nowhere，in no way，

at no time，in no case，not only等含有否定意义的副词（短语）或连词（短语）位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。如：Little does he realize how important this meeting is, or he won’t be absent. 注意：in no time（立刻，马上）位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序。如：

In no time we solved the difficult problem as they expected.

2）“only + 状语”位于句首时，其后的主句用部分倒装语序。如：

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.

3）在so … that结构中，将“so + adj. / adv.”位于句首时，其后的部分用部分倒装语序。如： So cold was it that I preferred to stay at home rather than play outside.

4）用“so / neither / nor + 助动词 + 主语”倒装结构表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者。如： He went to Paris last week. So did his wife.

注意：如果表示强调或同意对方所说的话，则用“so + 主语 + 助动词”结构。如：

---We had a good time on New Year’s Eve. ---So we did.

5）在as和though引导的让步状语从句中，常用“形容词 / 副词 / 动词 / 名词 + as / though + 主

语 + 谓语”倒装结构。如：Child / Young as he is, he has known a lot about the culture of America. 注意：若提前的表语是单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词。

6）当if虚拟条件句中含有were，had，should等时，常将if省略，把had，were，should等移到主

语前，构成部分倒装结构。如：Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. Ⅱ. 省略

1. 在某些状语从句中（when，if，unless等引导）的省略。如：

If possible, keep me informed of what is going on in the company while I am on holiday.

2. 在感叹句中常省略主语和谓语动词。如：What a clever boy!

3. 在happy，glad，eager，anxious，willing等形容词，like，love，wish，mean，want，refuse，try，

ask，tell，advise， persuade，wish，permit，allow等动词，ought to，have to，used to，be able to等固定词组后常省略不定式，只用to代替。如：Never do like that unless you are told to.

The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.

注意：若省略的不定式是to be或to have或to have been结构，通常保留be，have或have been。

如：---The little boy hadn’t finished his homework before he went to school.

---Oh, he ought to have.

4. 在某些情况下，可以省略句子中的某个词、词组或句子时，常用so或not代替单词、词组或句子

作hope，expect，believe，suppose，think等词的宾语；用do代替动词。如：

She may not be free today. If so, she will not come to see me.

I hope I could speak English fluently as the native speakers could do.

Ⅲ. it的用法

1. 作代词

指代上文出现的事物，也可用来表示时间、自然现象、距离、量度、价值、环境等。如： My mother bought me a new mobile phone as a reward, but I lost it yesterday.

2. 作形式主语或形式宾语

it常用来代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句，在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语

或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词性从句。如：

It is obvious for him that the boss wants to let him quit the job.

I find it hard to solve the problem on my own’ can you help me?

1）“It + is / was + adj. + for / of sb to do sth”句型。常用于这一句型的形容词有possible, difficult,

important, impossible, necessary, clear, likely, nice, kind, foolish, polite, friendly等。如：

It is necessary for us to know the importance of learning foreign languages.

It was very kind of you to come to help me with the problem.

2）“It + is / was + n. / adj. + doing sth”句型。常用于这一句型的形容词或名词有good, worth, wrong,

dangerous, use等。如：It’s no use arguing with the rude man over the accident.

3）在含有名词性从句的复合句中，常用“It + is / was + n. / adj. + that …”结构，该结构中的名词

性从句也可由what, when等引导。如：

It is a fact that many children are addicted to computer games.

3. 强调句型（It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who / whom …）

如：It was yesterday that I met my headmaster in the street.

注意：在强调句型中，去掉It is / was … that / who / whom几个词之后，不影响句子的结构和意思。 同步练习（四）

Ⅰ. 单项填空。

A. Yes, I would B. I’d like to C. No, I wouldn’t D. I’d like

2. She didn’t pass the exam, which makes impossible for her to graduate.

A. her B. one C. that D. it

3. Not until I saw the clock on the wall I should go to bed.

A. didn’t I realize B. I didn’t realize C. did I realize D. I realized

4. I wasn’t satisfied with the result, and .

A. neither was Wang Ming B. Wang Ming was neither C. so was Wang Ming D. Wang Ming was so

5. “ you be out of work, you can come to my company,” she said.

A. Could B. Should C. Would D. Might

6. On the top of the mountain with a history of 100 years.

A. does a temple stand B. a temple stands C. a temple is standing D. stands a temple

7. , he never permits his students to be late for his class.

A. A strict teacher as he may be B. Strict teacher as he may be

C. Be a strict teacher as he may D. Strict as he may be a teacher

8. The old man has two pet dogs, one is yellow and A. white the other B. another white C. the other white D. white another

9. in 2005 that he appeared on the stage for the first time.

A. It was B. There was C. It is D. There is

10. you can call me or send me an email to ask for help.

A. As necessary B. As is necessary C. When is necessary D. When necessary

Ⅱ. 单句改错：下列句中均有一处错误，请找出并予以改正。 “Happy Birthday”.

A B C D A B C D

A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D

Ⅲ. 根据提示翻译下列句子。

1. 虽然你不喜欢被人指挥做事情，但你必须听从她的安排。（as倒装句）

2. 她拿掉墨镜的时候，我才发现她就是那位著名的影星。（强调句）

3. ——我认为她是这项工作的最佳人选。

——我不这么认为，或许有人比她更合适。（省略句）

4. 她在那儿的时候没有听说过这件事，我也没有听说过。（nor省略句）

5. 你知道是谁支持他上大学的吗？（强调句）

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