不同生育期追施钾肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

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不同生育期追施钾肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响

摘要:通过两年试验研究了不同生育期追施钾肥对马铃薯产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明,不同生育期追施钾肥提高了马铃薯的产量、块茎淀粉含量和商品率,追施钾肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响显著;不同生育期追施钾肥提高了净同化率、叶绿素含量和根系活力,追施钾肥对马铃薯净同化率等生理指标影响显著。追施钾肥时期的确定对马铃薯产量和品质提高有显著影响,以“苗期+块茎形成期”分次追施钾肥效果最佳,其次是块茎形成期单次追施钾肥。

关键词:马铃薯;钾肥;生育期;产量

Effect of Applying Potassium Fertilizer in Different Growth Periods on the Yield and the Quality of Potato

Abstract: The effect of applying potassium fertilizer in different growth periods on the yield and some related characters of potato was studied. Applying potassium fertilizer in different growth periods could increase not only the yield, the commodity rate, and the content of starch, but also the root activity, chlorophyll content, and net assimilation rate. The influence was notable. Different applying potassium fertilizer patterns had different effects on the production and the quality. The best pattern was applying at both seedling period and tuber growing period. The next best was applying at the tuber growing period only.

Key words: potato; potassium fertilizer; growth period; yield

马铃薯对肥料“三要素”的要求以钾肥最多[1],丽水市是浙江省马铃薯主产区,但在当地生产中,偏重施用氮肥,磷、钾肥施用量少,有机肥施用量不足,导致土壤供肥比例失调,钾平衡系数小于1,造成马铃薯产量品质下降,限制了该地区马铃薯生产的发展[2,3]。试验探讨了追施钾肥时期对马铃薯产量和品质的影响,为当地马铃薯生产合理施肥提供依据。

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